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New Cultivar Developed

흰앙금 제조에 적합한 종피색이 황백색인 팥 ‘흰나래’ 육성

송석보*, 최명은, 추지호, 김지영, 이병원, 한상익

Breeding and Characteristics of Adzukibean (Vigna angularis) Variety “Huinnarae” with Yellowish White Seed Coat Color

SeokBo Song*, MyeongEn Choe, JiHo Chu, JiYong Kim, ByongWon Lee, SangIk Han
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2022;54(4):442-447.
Published online: December 1, 2022

농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 남부작물부

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*Corresponding Author (E-mail: songsb1254@korea.kr, Tel: +82-55-350-1243, Fax: +82-55-352-3059)
• Received: September 16, 2022   • Revised: October 14, 2022   • Accepted: October 17, 2022

Copyright © 2022 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • With the aim of developing an adzukibean variety to manufacture white bean pasta, an adzukibean (Vigna angularis) cultivar, “Huinnarae” was developed in 2014. “Huinnarae” was developed in 2003 by crossing Gyeongwon and Sodubanggei 3. It was a late-maturing variety, having a bright yellow seed coat. Moreover, “Huinnarae” showed more white lightness than “Chungju.” Its plant height was 79 cm, and its yield components showed 6.7 pods per plant and 16.6 g of 100-seed weight in the regional yield trial(RYT). Further, in the RYT conducted for the three years, the average yield potential of “Huinnarae” was 1.86 MT/ha, which was 4% lower than that of “Chungju.” Moreover, it is suitable to make white bean pasta. “Huinnarae” is expected to increase diversity, create new demand surges, and improve the value and consumption of adzukibean (Registration 6050).
우리나라에서는 두류 중 콩 다음으로 많이 재배되고 있으며(KOSIS, 2020) 콩보다 수량성은 낮으나, 기후 및 토양에 적응성이 좋아 팥은 다양한 작부체계에 이용될 수 있다(Rho et al. 2003). 팥(Vigna angularis (Willd.) Ohwi & Ohashi)은 일년생 콩과작물(Fabaceae, Leguminosae)로 우리나라를 비롯한 중국, 일본 등 동북아시아에서 많이 재배되고 있다(Rho et al. 2003). 2020년 현재 우리나라에서는 5,802톤 생산되고 있으며, 재배면적은 4,931 ha 정도이다.
팥은 탄수화물 함량이 높고 단백질과 지방질 함량이 낮아 탄수화물이 약 50％, 단백질은 약 20％, 정도 함유되어 있으며 탄수화물은 전분으로 대부분 이루어져 있다. 단백질의 대부분은 글리시닌이고 발린을 제외한 필수 아미노산이 풍부하고 쌀에 부족한 아미노산인 라이신 함량이 높아 혼식하면 단백질의 질을 향상시켜 주고(Chang 1999), 각기병, 피로회복 등에도 효과가 있다(Choi et al. 2002). 팥의 유리아미노산은 glutamic acid 함량이 제일 많고 aspartic acid, arginine acid, serine 순이다(Koh et al. 1997).
팥 종피에는 콜린과 사포닌 성분이 들어있어 성인병 예방과 항암효과에도 도움이 된다고 알려져 있으며, 팥에 포함된 사포닌 함량은 0.3% 정도이며 항균활성을 가지고 있다(Kang & Han 2012). 팥의 열량은 337 kcal정도로 낮고(Hwang et al. 2005), 팥의 식이섬유는 5% 정도이며 장운동을 촉진하여 변비 해소에도 좋다(Kim et al. 2003). 팥의 색소는 anthocyanin 계의 cyanidin으로 알려져 있으며(Yoshida et al. 1996), 이들 색소는 항종양 (Koide et al. 1997)과 항산화효과(Ariga et al. 1988)를 나타내는 것으로 보고되었다.
팥은 주로 팥앙금과 팥죽 등의 주요한 식재료로 사용되고 있으며 떡이나 과자, 빵 등의 다양한 식재료로도 사용되고 있다(Kim et al. 2003). 최근 팥은 천연색소(Bae & Jung 2010), 미백용 화장품(Lee 2015) 팥차(Song et al. 2013), 팥 발효음료(Woo et al. 2017), 팥을 첨가한 막걸리(Chen et al. 2013) 등의 다양한 분야에서 사업화 되고 있다.
현재 개발된 국내 팥 품종 ‘아라리(Song et al. 2016)’, ‘홍진(Song et al. 2019)’, ‘해오롬(Song et al. 2020)’, ‘홍경(Song et al. 2021)’ 등은 대부분 종피색이 적색으로 앙금과 통팥용으로 사용되고 있으며 흰앙금 제조시에는 껍질을 제거하여 만들고 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하고자 국립식량과학원에서는 종피제거 작업없이 껍질채 사용 가능한 흰색 팥 ‘흰나래’을 육성하게 되었다. 흰나래는 흰 팥앙금과 팥고물을 쉽게 만들 수 있고 천연색소 등의 첨가로 다양한 색상의 팥앙금 제조가 가능하여 2014년 농촌진흥청의 직무육성신품종선정위원회의 심의를 거쳐 농가에 보급하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 ‘흰나래’ 품종의 육성경위와 주요 특성을 보고하고자 한다.
육성경위
팥 신품종 ‘흰나래’는 국립식량과학원에서 기계화적성이 우수하고 대립이면서 종피색이 황백색인 팥 품종을 육성하고자 도복에 강한 ‘경원팥’을 모본으로 하고 종피색이 황백색이지만 소립인 Sodubanggei 3을 부본으로 2003년에 인공교배하여 2007년 및 2008년에 F1, F2 세대 집단을 양성, 2009년에 F3부터 계통육종법으로 선발한 ‘SA0306-2B-9-5-5’ 계통이다. 2010년과 2011년도에 실시한 생산력검정시험에서 쓰러짐에 강하고 흰 앙금 제조 가공적성이 우수한 계통으로 판단되어 ‘밀양19호’의 계통명을 부여하였다. ‘밀양19호’는 2012년부터 2014년 까지 3년간 밀양 등 전국 4개 지역에서 적응성 검정을 실시한 결과, 그 우수성이 인정되어 2014년 12월 농작물 직무육성신품종선정위원회에서 신규등록 품종으로 결정하고 ‘흰나래’로 명명 하였다(RDA 2014). ‘흰나래’의 육성 과정은 Fig. 1과 같다.
재배방법
팥 신품종 ‘흰나래’(밀양19호)의 특성 및 수량검정시험은 2012년도부터 2014년도까지 3년간 청원, 익산, 춘천, 밀양 등 4개 지역에서 수행하였으며, 대비품종인 ‘충주팥’과 수량성 등을 비교 검토하였다. 각 지역에서 시험에 사용한 품종은 중부지역은 6월 중순, 남부지역은 6월 하순에 재식거리는 60×15~20 cm로 파종하였고, 입모 후 주수는 1주 2본으로 조정하였다. 시험구는 매년 밀양은 난괴법 4반복, 나머지 3개소는 3반복으로 배치하였으며, 기타 재배법은 농촌진흥청 팥 표준재배법에 준하였다.
생육 및 수량특성
생육특성 및 수량성조사는 농촌진흥청 시험연구 조사기준(RDA, 2012)에 준하여 실시하였다. 또한 내병충성은 팥모자익바이러스, 갈반병, 흰가루병에 대해 포장발병정도를 0-9로 조사하였다. 바이러스는 1~2본엽기, 갈반병과 흰가루병은 개화기~종화기에 조사하였다. 갈반병과 흰가루병의 발병정도는 병반면적율이 0은 무병반, 1은 1%이하, 3은 2~10%, 5는 11~20%, 7은 21~50, 9는 51%이상 되었을 경우로 하였다.
종자의 영양성분 분석
‘흰나래’ 종자의 조단백질, 무기성분 함량 및 총폴리페놀, 총플라보노이드, 항산화활성을비교하고자 2014년에 수확한 종자를 사용하여 3반복으로 측정하여 분석하였다. 단백질 함량과 무기성분 함량은 일정량의 시료를 습식분해한 후 100 ml로 정용하여 분석용 시료로 사용하였다. 조단백질 함량은 AOAC법(Association of Official Analytical Chemists)에 따라 Kjeldahl 방법을 이용하여 분석하였으며(2300 Kjeltec Analyzer Unit, Foss Tecator, Hoeganaes, Sweden) 칼륨, 칼슘, 마그네슘, 나트륨 등의 무기성분함량은 분쇄한 시료(1.0 g)을 550℃에서 완전히 태워 0.25% 질산으로 녹여 건식분해하여 필터페이퍼로 여과한 후 25 ml 둥근 플라스크에 정량한 후 ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma, Optima-3300DV, Perkin-Elmer, Norwalk, CT, USA)에 주입하여 분석하였다. 시료의 항산화 성분 분석은 시료의 일정량을 80% 에탄올로 상온에서 24시간 동안 3회 진탕추출(WiseCube WIS-RL010, Daihan Scientific Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea)한 다음 여과하여 사용하였으며, 시료의 농도는 추출용매를 이용하여 100 μg/mL의 농도로 보정하여 사용하였다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 Folin-Ciocalteu phenol reagent가 추출물의 폴리페놀성 화합물에 의해 환원된 결과, 몰리브덴 청색으로 발색하는 것을 원리로 분석하였다(Dewanto et al. 2002). 총 플라보노이드 함량은 Dewanto (2002) 등의 방법에 따라 추출물 250 μL에 증류수 1 mL와 5% NaNO₂ 75 μL 혼합하고, 5분 후 10% AlCl3⋅6H2O 150 μL 를 첨가하였다. 상온에서 6분 후 1 N NaOH 500 μL 를 혼합하여 11분간 반응 시킨 후, 반응액의 흡광도 값을 510 nm에서 측정하였다. 팥 추출물에 대한 항산화활성은 ABTS(2,2'-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, Sigma-Aldrich) 및 DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, Sigma-Aldrich) radical의 소거 활성을 측정하였다(Choi et al. 2006). ABTS 및 DPPH radical의 소거 활성은 mg TE(Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity)/g extract residue(ER)로 나타내었다.
통계분석
본 실험은 SAS 프로그램(Ver. 9.2)을 사용하여 통계분석을 실시하였고 각 시료간의 유의성 p < 0.05 수준에서 t-test로 검증하였다.
식물학적 및 농업적 특성
‘흰나래’는 중간신육형으로 잎의 형태는 원형으로 크고 줄기는 녹색이다. 꽃은 황색이며 꼬투리는 황갈색이다. 종피색은 황백색 이며 배꼽색은 백색이다(Table 1, Fig. 2). 흰나래는 표준품종인 적색종피색의 ‘충주팥’과 달리 종피색이 황백색이라 종피를 제거하지 않고 흰앙금 제조가 가능한 특징을 가지고 있다. 개화기는 9월 1일이고, 성숙기는 10월 12일로 ‘충부팥’에 비해 개화기는 15일, 성숙기는 12일 늦다. 경장은 ‘충주팥’과 비교시 10 cm 정도 크고, 협당립수는 비슷하지만 협당립수는 0.3개 많다. 100립중은 16.6 g으로 ‘충주팥’ 보다 2.8 g 더 무거운 품종이다(Table 2).
내재해 및 내병충성
‘흰나래’는 포장에서 도복성이 3으로 조사되어 ‘충주팥’ 보다 도복에 강한 것으로 조사되었고, 수량과 품질에 영향을 크게 미치는 팥모자익바이러스, 흰가루병, 갈반병에 대한 저항성은 ‘충주팥’과 비슷한 수준이었다(Table 3). ‘흰나래’는 도복에 강한 품종이므로 콤바인 기계수확 작업이 가능할 것으로 여겨진다.
종실의 성분 함량
‘흰나래’의 단백질 함량은 24.5%로서 ‘충주팥’보다 많은 것으로 조사되었고, 곡실의 무기성분 중 칼륨, 칼슘, 마그네슘, 나트륨 함량은 각각 858.2와 86.0, 137.8, 25.8 mg/100 g으로 조사되어 ‘충주팥’과 비교시 칼륨, 마그네슘 나트륨, 함량은 각각 22%, 22%, 35% 낮았으며 칼슘 함량은 비슷한 것으로 조사되었다(Table 4). 또한 ‘흰나래’의 총폴리페놀, 총플라보노이드의 함량은 각각 159.0 mg GAE/100 g, 15.0 mg CE/100 g으로 ‘충주팥’ 보다 적었으며, Radical 소거 활성인 ABTS와 DPPH도 167.0와 339.0 mg TE/100 g으로 조사되었다(Table 5).
수량성
‘흰나래’은 2010년과 2011년, 2년간 실시한 생산력검정시험에서 평균수량은 ha 당 1.77 톤으로 표준품종인 ‘충주팥’과 비슷하였으나(Table 6) 2012년 부터 2014년에 걸쳐 3년간 실시한 청원, 익산, 밀양, 춘천 등 4개소 지역적응시험에서 평균수량은 ha 당 1.86톤으로 ‘충주팥’ 보다 4% 적었다(Table 7).
재배상의 유의점
‘흰나래’의 적정 파종기는 남부지역은 6월하순에서 7월상순이고 중부지역은 6월중순에서 6월하순이다. 흰나래는 개화기와 성숙기가 늦은 품종이므로 서리가 일찍 내리는 지역에서는 서리피해가 발생하지 않도록 주의하여야 하고 수량성 확보를 위해서는 개화기와 착협 시기에 충분한 관수가 필요하다.
‘흰나래’는 국립식량과학원 남부작물부에서 2014년도에 육성한 황백색, 대립 팥품종으로 2003년에 ‘경원팥’을 모본으로 하고 ‘Sodubaenggei 3’을 부본으로 인공 교배하여 계통육종법으로 선발한 계통으로 계통명은 ‘밀양 19호’이다. ‘흰나래’는 중간신육형으로 잎은 원형으로 크고 줄기는 녹색이며 협은 황갈색이다. ‘흰나래’의 개화기는 9월 1일로 ‘충주팥’ 보다 15일 늦고 성숙기는 10월12일로 ‘충주팥’ 보다 10일 정도 늦다. 경장은 79 cm로 ‘충주팥’ 보다 10 cm 크고, 100립중은 16.6 g으로 2.8 g 더 큰 품종이다. ha당 평균 수량은 1.86톤으로 ‘충주팥’ 보다 4% 적지만 흰앙금 제조 가공적성이 우수하여 팥의 용도 다양화, 신수요 창출 및 팥 소비확대에 기여 할 것으로 기대된다.
본 논문은 농촌진흥청 시험연구사업(과제번호 : PJ01503101)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of a new adzuki bean(Vigna angularis) variety ‘Huinnarae’.
kjbs-54-4-442-f1.jpg
Fig. 2
Seed appearance of ‘Huinnarae’ and ‘Chungju‘.
kjbs-54-4-442-f2.jpg
Table 1
Inherent characteristics of ‘Huinnarae’ determined by the regional yield trial from 2012 to 2014.
Table 1
Variety Growth habit Embryonic color Stem color Flower color Leaf shape Pod color Seed coat color Hilum color
Huinnarae Semi-determinate Green Green Yellow Orbicular Yellowish brown Yellowish White White
Chungju Semi-determinate Green Green Yellow Orbicular Yellow Dark red White
Table 2
Agronomic characteristics of ‘Huinnarae’ determined by the regional yield trial from 2012 to 2014.
Table 2
Variety Flowering date Maturity date Stem height
(cm)		 No. of pods/plant Seeds/pod 100-seed weight
(g)
Huinnarae Sep. 1 Oct. 12 79* 24ns 6.7ns 16.6*
Chungju Aug.17 Oct. 4 69 24 6.4 13.8

nsNot significant in the t-test, but * significant at p<0.05 the 5%.

Table 3
Resistance of ‘Huinnarae’ to lodging and major disease from 2012 to 2014.
Table 3
Variety Lodging (1-9)y Field resistance (0-9)z
Azukibean mosaic virus Powdery mildew Brown leaf spot
Huinnarae 3 0 1 1
Chungju 5 0 1 1

z0 : tolerant, 9 : susceptible; y1 : tolerant, 9 : susceptible

Table 4
Protein and inorganic contents of ‘Huinnarae’ estimated in 2014.
Table 4
Variety Protein (%) Inorganic contentrotein (mg/100 g)
K Ca Mg Na
Huinnarae 24.5 858.2* 86.0* 137.8* 25.8ns
Chungju 21.2 1099.2 90.3 175.8 39.5

nsNot significant in the t-test, but * significant at p<0.05 the 5%.

Table 5
Antioxidant compounds and radical-scavenging activity of ‘Huinnarae’ estimated in 2014.
Table 5
Variety Antioxidant compounds Radical-scavenging activity
Total polyphenol (mg GAE/100 g) Total flavonoid (mg CE/100 g) ABTS (mg TE/100 g) DPPH (mg TE/100 g)
Huinnarae 159.0* (80)y 15.0* (17) 167.0* (78) 339.0* (146)
Chungju 200.0 (100) 86.0 (100) 213.0 (100) 232.0 (100)

y(Mean compound of Huinnarae / mean compound of Chungju)×100

nsNot significant in the t-test, but * significant at p<0.05 the 5%.

Table 6
Results of yield trials of ‘Huinnarae’ at Milyang from 2010 to 2011.
Table 6
Variety Yield (MT/ha)
PYT(2015)y AYT(2016)X Mean Indexw
Huinnarae 1.75 1.78 1.77* 100*
Chungju 1.93 1.58 1.76 100

wIndex : (Mean yield of of Huinnarae / mean yield of Chungju)×100

yPYT: Preliminary yield trial in 2010.

xAYT: Advanced yield trial in 2011.

nsNot significant in the t-test, but * significant at p<0.05 the 5%.

Table 7
Yield of ‘Huinnarae’ on the regional yield trials carried out at 4 locations.
Table 7
Location Huinnarae (MT/ha, A) Chungju (MT/ha, B) Index (A/B)X
2012 2013 2014 Mean 2012 2013 2014 Mean
Chunchen (46) 2.24 2.41 2.33 2.25 2.52 2.29 2.35 99
Cheongwon 1.67 0.83 1.35 1.28 2.15 1.15 1.73 1.68 76
Iksan 2.00 1.75 2.02 1.92 2.05 2.23 1.51 1.93 99
Miryang 1.94 2.28 1.90 2.04 1.72 2.19 1.86 1.92 106
Mean 1.87 1.78 1.92 1.86ns 2.05 2.02 1.85 1.97 96

xIndex : (Mean yield of Huinnarae / mean yield of Chungju)×100

nsNot significant in the t-test, but * significant at p<0.05 the 5%.

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Breeding and Characteristics of Adzukibean (Vigna angularis) Variety “Huinnarae” with Yellowish White Seed Coat Color
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2022;54(4):442-447.   Published online December 1, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2022.54.4.442
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Breeding and Characteristics of Adzukibean (Vigna angularis) Variety “Huinnarae” with Yellowish White Seed Coat Color
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2022;54(4):442-447.   Published online December 1, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2022.54.4.442
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Breeding and Characteristics of Adzukibean (Vigna angularis) Variety “Huinnarae” with Yellowish White Seed Coat Color
Image Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of a new adzuki bean(Vigna angularis) variety ‘Huinnarae’.
Fig. 2 Seed appearance of ‘Huinnarae’ and ‘Chungju‘.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Breeding and Characteristics of Adzukibean (Vigna angularis) Variety “Huinnarae” with Yellowish White Seed Coat Color

Inherent characteristics of ‘Huinnarae’ determined by the regional yield trial from 2012 to 2014.

Variety Growth habit Embryonic color Stem color Flower color Leaf shape Pod color Seed coat color Hilum color
Huinnarae Semi-determinate Green Green Yellow Orbicular Yellowish brown Yellowish White White
Chungju Semi-determinate Green Green Yellow Orbicular Yellow Dark red White

Agronomic characteristics of ‘Huinnarae’ determined by the regional yield trial from 2012 to 2014.

Variety Flowering date Maturity date Stem height
(cm)		 No. of pods/plant Seeds/pod 100-seed weight
(g)
Huinnarae Sep. 1 Oct. 12 79* 24ns 6.7ns 16.6*
Chungju Aug.17 Oct. 4 69 24 6.4 13.8

Resistance of ‘Huinnarae’ to lodging and major disease from 2012 to 2014.

Variety Lodging (1-9)y Field resistance (0-9)z
Azukibean mosaic virus Powdery mildew Brown leaf spot
Huinnarae 3 0 1 1
Chungju 5 0 1 1

Protein and inorganic contents of ‘Huinnarae’ estimated in 2014.

Variety Protein (%) Inorganic contentrotein (mg/100 g)
K Ca Mg Na
Huinnarae 24.5 858.2* 86.0* 137.8* 25.8ns
Chungju 21.2 1099.2 90.3 175.8 39.5

Antioxidant compounds and radical-scavenging activity of ‘Huinnarae’ estimated in 2014.

Variety Antioxidant compounds Radical-scavenging activity
Total polyphenol (mg GAE/100 g) Total flavonoid (mg CE/100 g) ABTS (mg TE/100 g) DPPH (mg TE/100 g)
Huinnarae 159.0* (80)y 15.0* (17) 167.0* (78) 339.0* (146)
Chungju 200.0 (100) 86.0 (100) 213.0 (100) 232.0 (100)

Results of yield trials of ‘Huinnarae’ at Milyang from 2010 to 2011.

Variety Yield (MT/ha)
PYT(2015)y AYT(2016)X Mean Indexw
Huinnarae 1.75 1.78 1.77* 100*
Chungju 1.93 1.58 1.76 100

Yield of ‘Huinnarae’ on the regional yield trials carried out at 4 locations.

Location Huinnarae (MT/ha, A) Chungju (MT/ha, B) Index (A/B)X
2012 2013 2014 Mean 2012 2013 2014 Mean
Chunchen (46) 2.24 2.41 2.33 2.25 2.52 2.29 2.35 99
Cheongwon 1.67 0.83 1.35 1.28 2.15 1.15 1.73 1.68 76
Iksan 2.00 1.75 2.02 1.92 2.05 2.23 1.51 1.93 99
Miryang 1.94 2.28 1.90 2.04 1.72 2.19 1.86 1.92 106
Mean 1.87 1.78 1.92 1.86ns 2.05 2.02 1.85 1.97 96
Table 1 Inherent characteristics of ‘Huinnarae’ determined by the regional yield trial from 2012 to 2014.
Table 2 Agronomic characteristics of ‘Huinnarae’ determined by the regional yield trial from 2012 to 2014.

nsNot significant in the t-test, but * significant at p<0.05 the 5%.

Table 3 Resistance of ‘Huinnarae’ to lodging and major disease from 2012 to 2014.

z0 : tolerant, 9 : susceptible; y1 : tolerant, 9 : susceptible

Table 4 Protein and inorganic contents of ‘Huinnarae’ estimated in 2014.

nsNot significant in the t-test, but * significant at p<0.05 the 5%.

Table 5 Antioxidant compounds and radical-scavenging activity of ‘Huinnarae’ estimated in 2014.

y(Mean compound of Huinnarae / mean compound of Chungju)×100

nsNot significant in the t-test, but * significant at p<0.05 the 5%.

Table 6 Results of yield trials of ‘Huinnarae’ at Milyang from 2010 to 2011.

wIndex : (Mean yield of of Huinnarae / mean yield of Chungju)×100

yPYT: Preliminary yield trial in 2010.

xAYT: Advanced yield trial in 2011.

nsNot significant in the t-test, but * significant at p<0.05 the 5%.

Table 7 Yield of ‘Huinnarae’ on the regional yield trials carried out at 4 locations.

xIndex : (Mean yield of Huinnarae / mean yield of Chungju)×100

nsNot significant in the t-test, but * significant at p<0.05 the 5%.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

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