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New Cultivar Developed

갈변 현상이 적은 하얀 찰성 쌀보리 ‘백수정찰’

박진천1, 김양길1, 이창현1, 박슬기1, 허온숙1, 김경호1, 강천식1, 박종호2, 이미자1, 윤영미1,*

A Naked Waxy Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar, ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ with Less Browning as Cooked Barley

Jin-Cheon Park1, Yang-Kil Kim1, Chang-Hyun Lee1, Seul-Gi Park1, On-Sook Hur1, Kyong-Ho Kim1, Chon-Sik Kang1, Jong-Ho Park2, Mi-Ja Lee1, Young-Mi Yoon1,*
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2023;55(2):179-186.
Published online: June 1, 2023

1농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원

2농촌진흥청 농촌인적자원개발센터

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*Corresponding Author (E-mail: mi3710@korea.kr, Tel: +82-63-238-5227, Fax: +82-63-238-5205)
• Received: May 1, 2023   • Revised: May 8, 2023   • Accepted: May 22, 2023

Copyright © 2023 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • ‘Baeksoojeongchal’, a new naked waxy barley cultivar was developed from a cross between ‘Jinmichapssal’ and ‘Radiant’ at the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2019. ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ is a white, waxy naked barley cultivar with a low browning reaction owing to the low levels of proanthocyanidin. Regional yield trials were conducted for ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ as the breeding line, ‘Jeonju135’ at four different regions between 2017 and 2019. The average heading date of ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ in the paddy field was April 20, which was a day later than that of ‘Saechal’. Maturing date of ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ in the paddy field was May 26, which was 2 days later than that of ‘Saechal’. It has a short culm length of 75 cm and a short spike length of 4.3 cm, with 48 grains per spike and a 1,000-grain weight of 29.5 g. Compared to ‘Saechal’, ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ shows weaker winter withering and has better tolerance to lodging. The incidence of BaYMV (Barley yellow mosaic virus) in ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ was similar to that in ‘Saechal’; in addition, it was susceptible to powdery mildew. The grain quality characteristics of ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ indicated a similar protein content (9.6%) and a lower proanthocyanidin content (0.011%) and whiteness (42.0) compared to that in ‘Saechal’. The average yield was 505 kg/10a in the paddy field, which was 7% higher than that of ‘Saechal’. ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ is the naked waxy barley cultivar with the most whiteness and low proanthocyanidin content; therefore this could contribute to the promotion of barley consumption, by avoiding reduction in consumer preference (Registration No. 9194).
국내 보리는 2012년 이후 정부 수매가 중단됨에 따라 재배면적이 감소하였으나 1인당 소비량은 1.6 kg으로 오히려 증가하였다(KOSIS 2021). 보리는 벼, 밀, 옥수수와 같은 곡물들에 비해 식이섬유 및 토콜과 같은 성분이 존재한다고 알려져 있다(Geng et al. 2022). 특히, 식이섬유의 한 종류로 알려진 베타글루칸은 곡물 중 보리에 가장 많이 함유되어 있으며, 콜레스테롤 및 혈당 저하, 장 기능 개선 등의 효능이 있다고 보고되었다(Bird et al. 2008, Delany et al. 2003, Narain et al. 1992). 또한, 보리의 기능적 우수성이 밝혀지면서 건강식품으로의 소비가 증가하는 추세이며, 쌀과 혼합한 기능성 잡곡 형태로 많이 섭취하고 있다. 하지만 보리는 조리 후 시간이 지남에 따라 갈색으로 변하게 되는데 이러한 갈변 현상(browning reaction)은 식품의 가치를 저하시키는 중요한 요인이 된다(Lozano 2006). 갈변은 식품을 조리하거나 저장할 때 갈색으로 변하는 현상을 말하며, 효소적 갈변과 비효소적 갈변으로 분류된다. 효소적 갈변은 polyphenol oxidase와 peroxidase효소가 관여하는 경우로 식품이 공기 중에 노출되었을 때 산화 반응에 의해 나타난다. 비효소적 갈변은 효소가 아닌 당류나 유지의 산화 및 가열로 인해 나타나고 Maillard 및 캐러멜화 등 다양한 반응으로 구성된다(Nath et al. 2022). 보리의 경우에는 효소적 갈변으로 프로안토시아니딘이라는 폴리페놀류 물질이 함유되어 있어 조리 후 저장 시간이 증가함에 따라 산소와 접촉하여 갈색으로 변하게 된다(Kohyama et al. 2001, McEvily et al. 1992). 이러한 갈변 현상은 시각적 측면에서 소비자 선호도를 감소시키는 원인이 될 수 있기 때문에 보리를 이용한 가공제품 제조 시 색 변화가 적어 활용성이 높은 품종 개발이 요구되고 있는 실정이다. ‘영백찰’(Lee et al. 2016)은 프로안토시아니딘 함량이 낮아 갈변이 적은 최초의 찰성 쌀보리 품종이나 수확 시 쌀보리 고유 특성인 껍질이 벗겨지는 정도(탈부성)가 좋지 못한 특성이 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 프로안토시아니딘 함량이 낮아 조리 후에도 색 변화가 적으며, 탈부율도 좋아 가공 적성이 우수한 하얀 찰성 쌀보리 ‘백수정찰’을 개발하여 그 육성 경위와 주요 특성을 보고하고자 한다.
시험방법
‘백수정찰’ 쌀보리 품종 육성을 위한 지역적응시험 방법은 찰성 대비품종인 ‘새찰’과 비교하여 농촌진흥청 보리 표준재배법에 준하여 수행하였다. 시험지별 재배는 전북 전주, 전남 나주, 경북 대구, 경남 진주 지역의 논에서 수행하였다. 시험구 면적은 7.5 m2으로 휴립광산파하였고, 모두 난괴법 3반복으로 배치하였다. 파종 시기는 2016년 전주 10월 24일, 나주11월 2일, 대구 11월 4일, 진주 11월 2일이었고, 2017년 전주⋅나주 10월 24일, 대구 10월 25일, 진주 10월 26일이었으며, 2018년 전주 10월 24일, 나주⋅대구⋅진주 10월 25일이었다. 파종량은 10a 당 전주 16 kg, 나주 16 kg, 대구 17 kg, 진주 16 kg으로 재배하였다. ‘백수정찰’의 농업형질 특성은 3년 간의 지역적응시험 결과를 바탕으로 이루어졌다.
농업형질 및 수량성 조사
‘백수정찰’의 농업형질 특성은 2017년에서 2019년까지 3년 동안 전북 전주, 전남 나주, 경남 진주, 대구의 4개 지역에서 조사되었다. 신품종 개발을 위한 생육 특성, 수량구성요소 및 수량, 내병성, 재해저항성은 3년 동안 4개 지역에서 찰성 쌀보리 대비품종인 ‘새찰’과 비교하여 농업과학기술 연구조사 분석기준(RDA 2012) 방법으로 분석하였다. 먼저, 생육은 간장, 출수기 및 성숙기 등을, 수량구성요소는 천립중과 리터중 등을 조사하였다. 천립중과 리터중은 1.8 mm 체를 통과한 종실, 즉 설립을 제거한 종실에서 1,000 립 및 1L의 무게를 측정하였으며, 수량은 설립을 제외한 종실을 14%로 건조한 후 보정하여 10 a 당 조곡 수량을 환산하였다.
‘백수정찰’의 내병성 특성검정은 보리호위축병과 흰가루병의 저항성 여부로 확인하였다. 보리호위축병(Barley yellow mosaic virus, BaYMV)은 Polymyxa graminis라는 진균에 의해 매개되는 토양 전염 바이러스병으로 일본에서 처음 보고된 이래 우리나라에서도 1980년대 이후 지속적으로 발생하고 있다(Lee 1981, Miyamito 1958). 이러한 바이러스 병은 초기에 선 모양의 모자이크 증상이 엽육 조직에 나타나고 이병 개체의 경우 생육 및 출수 불량, 수량 감소 등의 현상을 야기한다(So & Cheong 1990). 국내 보리호위축병은 바이러스 strain에 따라 나주(strain Ⅰ), 익산(strain Ⅲ), 진주(strain Ⅳ)의 바이러스검정포를 선정하였고, 자연 감염을 유도하여 발병 여부와 이병 정도를 확인하였다(Park et al. 2009). 이병 정도는 무 발생(0), 10% 미만(1), 11~30% (3), 31~50% (5), 51~70% (7), 71% 이상(9) 등으로 나타냈으며 3월 하순과 4월 상순 사이에 조사하였다. 흰가루병은 Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei에 의해 발생되는 절대 활물 기생균으로 기온이 따뜻해지는 4월 중순경에 주로 발생되며, 감염 시 최대 20%의 수량 감소가 보고되어 있어 관리가 필요하다(Ha 2000). ‘백수정찰’의 흰가루병 발병 여부를 확인하기 위해 온실 내 자연 발생을 유도하여 성체 검정하였고, 이병 정도는 저항성(0)~감수성(9)으로 나타냈다.
재해저항성 특성 검정인 내한성을 확인하기 위해 경기 연천 시험지에서 10월 상순에 파종하였고, 이듬해 3월 월동 후 고사주율(%)을 조사하였다.
파성 검정은 4℃에서 3주 동안 저온처리와 무처리 조건으로 파성별 대조품종과 함께 온실에 파종 및 이식하여 수행하였다. 실내 온도는 주간 20℃, 야간 15℃로 24시간 광 처리하였고, 주경의 엽수와 지엽 전개 일수를 조사하여 파성 정도를 Ⅰ~Ⅴ 범위로 판정하였다.
원맥 품질 분석
원맥의 품질은 도정하지 않은 조곡에서 단백질과 전분, 프로안토시아니딘 함량을 분석하였으며, 도정한 정곡에서 아밀로오스, 베타글루칸, 백도, 취반특성, 보리밥 물성검정을 분석하였다. 백도의 경우에는 취반 후 저장 시간에 따른 백도 변화를 조사하였고, 취반특성은 수분흡수율과 퍼짐성을 측정하였다. 보리밥의 물성검정은 보리밥알의 경도, 부착성, 탄력성 등의 조사하였다. 먼저, 정곡 시료는 Satake 시험도정기(TM05C, SATAKE Co., Japan)로 도정률 77%로 정맥하였다. 조곡 및 정곡 시료는 0.5 mm체가 장착된 실험실용밀(ZM-100, Retch, Germany)로 분쇄한 시료를 사용하였다. 단백질 분석은 원소분석기(US/Vario max, USA)를 사용하여 분석한 총 질소함량에 켈달장치를 이용하여 분석한 값과 비교하여 얻어진 보정계수(conversion factor) 5.71을 곱하여 환산하였다. 전분과 베타글루칸 함량 분석은 각각 Megazyme사의 Total starch assay kit 및 β-glucan assay kit (Mixed linkage)로 UV spectrophotometer (U-2800, Hitachi, Japan)을 이용하여 510 nm에서 흡광도로 분석하였다. 프로안토시아니딘 분석은 분쇄 시료 0.2 g에 10 mL메탄올과 1% HCl 용액을 첨가하고 20분간 상온에서 흔들어 추출한 다음 원심분리하여 얻어진 상등액에 1% Vanillin 2.5 mL과 6M HCl 시약을 첨가한 후 500 nm에서 흡광도를 조사하여 함량을 측정하였다. 표준물질로는 카테킨을 사용하였으며, 검량선을 작성하여 프로안토시아니딘 정량 분석에 이용하였다(Price et al. 1978). 보리쌀 백도는 Kett (C300-3, Kett Electic Laboratory, Japna)으로 3회 측정하였다. 취반특성은 Shinjiro et al. (1965)의 방법으로 정맥의 수분흡수율 및 퍼짐성을 분석하였다. 도정한 보리쌀 5 g을 20 mL D.W (distilled water)가 들어있는 메스실린더에 넣은 후 부피(a)를 읽은 후 시료를 평량한 알루미늄망(자체제작)에 넣어 증류수를 제거하였다. 이후 망을 100 mL 비커에 넣고 끓는 물 80 mL를 넣어 알루미늄 호일로 덮은 후 150℃ 건조기에서 40분간 취반하였다. 취반된 시료를 꺼내 물기를 10회 정도 제거한 다음 기울어진 비커에 넣어 10분 후 무게(b)를 측정한 후 이 시료를 20 mL D.W가 들어 있는 메스실린더에 옮기고 부피(c)를 측정하였다. 100 mL 비커에 남아 있는 고형물을 건조기(75-85℃)에 넣어 16시간 건조시킨 후 꺼내어 데시케이터에 넣고 30분 후 무게를 재었다. 최종적으로 흡수율 및 퍼짐성은 다음과 같은 식으로 계산하였다.
흡수율(%)=흡수 후 무게(b)−시료+망 무게시료무게×100
퍼짐성(%)=취반 후 부피(c)취반 전 시료부피(a)×100
통계 분석
본 연구의 결과는 R을 이용하였으며, 유의수준 5% (p<0.05)에서 두 집단간 차이는 t-test로 세 집단간 비교는 덩컨의 다중검정(Duncan’s Multiple Rage Test, DMRT)로 검정하였다.
육성 경위
프로안토시아니딘 함량이 낮아 갈변 현상이 적으며, 껍질이 잘 벗겨져 탈부성이 개선되고 취반특성이 우수한 찰성 쌀보리 품종을 육성하기 위해 2006년에 찰성이면서 백도가 우수한 ‘진미찹쌀’을 모본으로 프로안토시아니딘 프리인 2조 대립인 ‘Radiant’를 부본으로 하여 인공교배 하였다(Von Wettstein et al. 2004). 2007년에 F1을 양성한 후 2008~2009년에 F2 및 F3 세대를 집단으로 전개하였다. 2010~2013년에는 F4~F7 계통에서 찰성이면서 취반 후 갈변 현상이 적은 저프로안토시아니딘 계통을 선발하였다. 선발된 계통을 2014년에는 생산력검정 예비선발시험(OYT)로 시험 후 우량 시 되는 HB16960-B-B-19-1-3-1 계통을 선발하였다. 선발된 이 계통을 2년간 생산력검정시험(2015~2016) 후 우수성이 인정되어 ‘전주135호’로 계통명을 부여 받아 2017~2019년까지 3년간 답리작(논) 재배로 전주, 나주, 진주, 대구 4개 지역에서 지역적응시험을 수행하였다(RDA 2017, 2018, 2019). 그 결과, 찰성이면서 취반 후 갈변 현상이 적은 저프로안토시아니딘 쌀보리이면서 기존 품종보다 탈부율이 향상된 우수성이 입증되어 2019년 농작물 직무육성 신품종 선정심의위원회에서 ‘백수정찰’로 명명되었다. 이후 국립종자원의 재배심사를 거쳐 2022년 식물신품종보호법 제 43조에 따라 품종보호 등록 (제9194호)되었다.
고유특성
‘백수정찰’은 Table 1에서 보는 바와 같이 이삭 조성은 6조이며, 이삭 밀도는 ‘새찰’과 비슷한 빽빽한 밀수형 보리이다. 파성은 Ⅰ로 춘파형이며, ‘새찰’(Ⅳ, 추파형)과는 차이가 있었다. ‘백수정찰’의 줄기 굵기는 중간으로 엽색은 녹색이며, 길이는 짧고, 폭은 중간형이었다. 종실은 황백색으로 찰성 대비품종인 ‘새찰’보다는 밝았다.
농업형질 및 재해 저항성
‘백수정찰’의 출수기는 답리작에서 4월 20일로 찰성 대비품종인 ‘새찰’보다 1일 늦었으며, 성숙기는 5월 26일로 ‘새찰’ 5월 24일보다 2일 늦었다(Table 2). ‘백수정찰’과 ‘새찰’의 출수기 식물체 사진은 다음과 같다(Fig. 2).
‘백수정찰’의 생육 및 수량구성요소는 Table 2와 같다. ‘백수정찰’의 간장은 75 cm 로 ‘새찰’보다 작았고, 수장 또한 4.3 cm로 ‘새찰’에 비해 작은 밀수형이었다. m2당 수수는 768개로 ‘새찰’보다 많았으며, 1수립수의 경우 48립으로 ‘새찰’보다 적었다. ‘백수정찰’의 천립중은 29.5 g로 ‘새찰’(28.7 g)보다 0.8 g 무거운 중대립이나 통계적으로 유의성은 없었다.
내병성 특성검정은 보리호위축병과 흰가루병에 대한 저항성 여부를 확인하였다. 먼저, 토양 전염 바이러스병인 보리호위축병(BaYMV)은 감염 시 저항성 정도에 따라 최대 100% 수량 감소를 야기한다고 보고되었다(Frahm 1989). 이에 따라 지역별 상습발병포장에서 보리호위축병의 이병 정도를 조사한 결과, 익산(strain Ⅲ)에서는 ‘새찰’(2)과 같이 비슷하였으며, 기타 나주(strain Ⅰ), 진주(strain Ⅳ)에서는 모두 0이었다. 흰가루병은 감염 시 잎 표면에 하얀 균사체를 형성하여 식물체의 양분 흡수를 저해하며, 광합성과 증산작용을 감소시켜 생육 및 출수를 지연하여 수량 감소의 원인이 되는 중요한 병해이다(Allen 1954, Priehradny 1973). ‘백수정찰’의 흰가루병 이병 정도를 조사하기 위해 흰가루병 검정 온실에서 자연감염을 유도하여 이병 정도를 확인한 결과 ‘새찰’과 같은 감수성이었다(Table 3).
‘백수정찰’의 재해 저항성은 경기 연천시험지에서 조사한 한해(추위)정도를 검정하였고(RDA 2017, 2018, 2019), 도복은 지역별 시험 포장의 평균 발생 정도를 확인하였다. 그 결과, 고사주율은 ‘백수정찰’이 23.3%로 ‘새찰’(12.3%)보다 한해에 약하였고, 도복 정도는 4로 ‘새찰’(5)에 비해서는 강하였다.
품질 특성
‘백수정찰’의 원맥 품질 분석은 2017년부터 2019년까지 3개년 간 실시하였고, 프로안토시아니딘 분석의 경우에는 2019년 1개년 성적을 이용하였다(Table 4). 단백질 함량은 조곡에서 9.6%로 ‘새찰’(9.6%)와 비슷하였으며, 전분은 63.8%로 ‘새찰’(59.5%)보다 많았으나 유의성은 없었다. 프로안토시아니딘 함량의 경우에는 ‘백수정찰’이 0.011%로 ‘새찰’(0.152%)보다 적었으며, 기존 프로안토시아니딘 함량이 낮아 갈변이 적은 ‘영백찰’(0.012%)과는 비슷하였다. 종실의 아밀로오스 함량은 전분의 특성(메/찰)을 구분하는 중요한 지표이다. ‘백수정찰’의 아밀로오스 함량은 9.6%로 ‘새찰’(8.0%)보다 높았고, 찰성 쌀보리의 특성을 보였는데 이러한 결과는 국내 32개 보리 품종을 대상으로 아밀로오스 함량을 분석한 결과 메보리는 20% 이상이었고, 찰보리는 10%내로 보고된 연구 결과와 비슷하였다(Yoon et al. 2019). 베타글루칸 함량은 ‘백수정찰’이 5.4%로 ‘새찰’(6.2%)보다 낮았으나 유의성은 없었다. 백도는 ‘백수정찰’ 42.0으로 ‘새찰’ 38.8보다 높아 더 하얀 특성을 보였다. ‘백수정찰’의 취반특성은 흡수율이 259%, 퍼짐성이 435%로 ‘새찰’(280%, 459%)보다는 낮았으며, 통계적으로 유의하지는 않았다.
취반 후 저장 시간에 따른 백도 변화
취반 후 저장 시간에 따른 보리밥의 갈변 여부를 확인하기 위해 밥을 지은 후 백도 변화를 조사한 결과 Figs. 3, 4과 같았다. 취반 직후 ‘백수정찰’의 백도는 33.8, ‘영백찰’은 31.0, ‘새찰’은 28.3으로 ‘백수정찰’의 백도가 가장 높았다. 모든 품종에서 백도는 취반 후 서서히 감소하다가 프로안토시아니딘 함량이 낮은 ‘백수정찰’(31.1)과 ‘영백찰’(28.7)을 제외한 ‘새찰’(17.6) 품종에서 10 이상 급격히 감소하였다. 특히, 취반 48시간 후 ‘백수정찰’과 ‘영백찰’의 백도는 각각 30.2, 27.6으로 기존보다 3.6, 3.4 감소로 큰 변화는 없었으며, ‘새찰’의 경우에는 13.4로 기존보다 절반이상 감소한 수치를 보였다. 따라서, 신품종 ‘백수정찰’은 기존 저프로안토시아니딘 품종인 ‘영백찰’보다 백도가 밝았으며, 취반 후에도 갈변이 적어 소비자 선호도가 좋을 것으로 생각된다.
탈곡 후 탈부율 평가
쌀보리의 고유 특성인 껍질이 잘 벗겨지는 비율을 확인하기 위해 찰성 대비품종인 ‘새찰’과 ‘백수정찰’ 및 ‘영백찰’을 대상으로 탈부율 평가를 수행하였다(Table 5, Fig. 5). 기존 저프로안토시아니딘 함유로 갈변이 적은 ‘영백찰’ 품종은 교배모본 중 부본이 Radiant (2조 대립 겉보리)를 사용하였기 때문에 품종 개발 시 탈부율이 좋지 못한 특성이 있었다. 이는 껍질의 탈부와 관련된 nud 유전자가 염색체 7번에 위치하고 있으며, 단일 열성 유전으로 작용하기 때문이다(Fedak et al. 1972). 신품종 ‘백수정찰’도 ‘진미찹쌀’과 ‘Radiant’를 교배하여 육성되었기 때문에 탈부율 관련 조사도 수행하였다. 그 결과, ‘백수정찰’의 탈부율은 99.3%로 ‘새찰’(99.3%)과 비슷하였고, ‘영백찰’(85.3%)보다는 더 좋은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 따라서, ‘백수정찰’은 저프로안토시아니딘으로 갈변 현상이 적으며, 기존 품종에 비해 탈부율도 개선된 품종이다.
수량성
2017년부터 2019년까지 3년 동안 실시한 ‘백수정찰’의 지역적응성시험 수량성 결과는 Table 6과 같다(RDA 2017, 2018, 2019). ‘백수정찰’은 답리작에서 505 kg/10a로 ‘새찰’(473 kg/10a)보다 7% 증수하였으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었다.
취반 시 보리 특유의 냄새와 갈색으로 변하는 현상은 소비자들의 선호도를 낮춰 보리 소비 감소에 영향을 미치는 주된 요인이다. ‘백수정찰’은 프로안토시아니딘 함량이 낮아 갈변 현상이 적은 하얀 찰성 쌀보리로 기존 ‘영백찰’보다 백도와 탈부율이 향상된 품종이다. ‘백수정찰’은 이삭이 6조 밀수형이고 까락은 장망이며, 파성은 Ⅰ인 춘파형 쌀보리이다. 출수기는 4월 20일로 ‘새찰’에 비해 1일 늦었으며, 성숙기는 5월 26일로 대비품종보다 2일 늦었다. 간장은 75 cm로 ‘새찰’보다 7 cm정도 작았고, 수장은 4.3 cm로 ‘새찰’(4.7 cm)보다 작았다. 1수립수는 48개로 ‘새찰’ (56개)보다 작았고, 천립중은 29.5 g으로 무거웠으나 유의성은 없었다. ‘백수정찰’의 수량성은 505 kg/10a로 ‘새찰’(473 kg/10a) 보다 7% 증수하는 경향이었으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 보리호위축병은 ‘새찰’과 비슷하였고, 흰가루병은 ‘새찰’과 같은 감수성이었으며, 한해는 ‘새찰’보다 약하였다. ‘백수정찰’의 프로안토시아니딘 함량은 0.011%로 ‘새찰’(0.152%)보다 낮았으며, ‘영백찰’(0.012%)과는 비슷하였다. 백도는 42.0으로 ‘새찰’(38.8)과 ‘영백찰’(38.3)보다 높아 더 하얀 특성을 가지고 있었다. 갈변 현상이 적은 하얀 찰성 쌀보리 ‘백수정찰’ 품종 개발로 국내 보리 소비 촉진에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.
본 연구는 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 농업과학기술 연구개발사업(과제명: 보리 용도별 신품종 개발 및 품질향상 연구(3단계), 과제번호: PJ015004022023)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of naked barley cultivar, ‘Baeksoojeongchal’.
KJBS-55-179-f1.tif
Fig. 2
Comparison of some traits in ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ (Left) and ‘Saechal’ (Right). A: Plant of heading, B: Grain.
KJBS-55-179-f2.tif
Fig. 3
Whiteness change of ‘Baeksoojeongchal’, ‘Saechal’ and ‘Yeongbaekchal’ during storage time after cooked.
KJBS-55-179-f3.tif
Fig. 4
Browning reaction of cooked barley after 48 hours laters.
KJBS-55-179-f4.tif
Fig. 5
Evaluation of hulless/hulled barley rate after threshing. Left: Yeongbaekchal, Center: Baeksoojeongchal, Right: Saechal.
KJBS-55-179-f5.tif
Table 1
Vernalization and morphological characteristics of ‘Baeksoojeongchal’.
Table 1
Cultivar Vernalizationz Leaf Culm Spike Awn
Length
Color Length Width Color Diameter Type Density
Baeksoojeongchal Ⅰ Green Short Medium Green Medium 6-rowed Compact Long
Saechal* Ⅳ Green Short Medium Green Medium 6-rowed Compact Long

*‘Saechal’ is a check cultivar to comparing to the characteristics of ‘Baeksoojeongchal’. These properties were investigated in paddy field condition at Jeonju region.

zVernalization type: Ⅰ(spring type), Ⅳ(fall type).

Table 2
Agronomic characteristics of ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ cultivated in Jeonju, Naju, Jinju and Daegu regions from 2017 to 2019.
Table 2
Cultivar Heading date (Mon. Day) Maturity date (Mon. Day) Culm length (cm) Spike length (cm) No. of spike per m2 No. of grains per spike Test weight (g/L) 1,000 grain weight(g)
Baeksoojeongchal Apr.20 May 26 75* 4.3* 768* 48* 803* 29.5ns
Saechal Apr.19 May 24 82 4.7 628 56 789 28.7

*means significant and nsmeans no significant at p<0.05 by t-test.

Table 3
Winter hardiness, lodging tolerance and BaYMV resistance of cultivar ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ tested in Jeonju, Naju, Jinju and Daegu regions from 2017 to 2019.
Table 3
Cultivar Winter withering ratez (%) Lodging (0~9) Powdery mildewy BaYMVx (0~9)
Infection type Naju (Ⅰ) Iksan (Ⅲ) Jinju (Ⅳ)
Baeksoojeongchal 23.3 4 Susceptible 0 2 0
Saechal 12.3 5 Susceptible 0 2 0

zData tested at Yeoncheon.

yDisease incidence induced natural infection at plastic house at Jeonju for three years.

xInvestigation at viral infested field for three years (0: Resistance, 9: Susceptible). BaYMV means viral disease by Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus.

Table 4
Grain qualities characteristics of ‘Baeksoojeongchal’.
Table 4
Cultivar Protein (%) Starch (%) Pro-anthocyanin (%) Amylose (%) β-glucan (%) Whiteness Cooking quality
Water absorption rate (%) Expansion rate (%)
Baeksoojeongchal 9.6ns 63.8ns 0.011* 9.6* 5.4ns 42.0* 259ns 435ns
Saechal 9.6 59.5 0.152 8.0 6.2 38.8 280 459
Yeongbaekchalz - - 0.012 - - - - -

*means significant and nsmeans no significant at p<0.05 by t-test.

zComparison of a naked waxy barley ‘Yeongbaekchal’ with low proanthocyanidin cultivar.

Table 5
Rate of hulless/hulled barley after threshing.
Table 5
Cultivar Baeksoojeongchal Saechal Yeongbaekchal
Hulless rate (%) 99.3az 99.3a 85.3b

zDifferent letters within a column indicate significant difference between cultivars (DMRT, p<0.05)

Table 6
Yield potential of ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ in the regional yield trials (RYT) tested in Jeonju, Naju, Jinju and Daegu regions from 2017 to 2019.
Table 6
Field Regions Baeksoojeongchal (kg/10a) Saechal (kg/10a) Index (a/b×100)
2017 2018 2019 Mean (a) 2017 2018 2019 Mean (b)
Paddy Jeonju 596 348 565 503 601 379 488 489 103
Naju 521 453 685 553 499 390 629 506 109
Jinju 577 499 586 554 428 473 464 455 122
Daegu 492 433 304 410 535 476 310 440 93
Mean 547 433 535 505ns 516 430 473 473 107

nsmeans no significant at p<0.05 by t-test.

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A Naked Waxy Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar, ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ with Less Browning as Cooked Barley
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2023;55(2):179-186.   Published online June 1, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2023.55.2.179
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A Naked Waxy Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar, ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ with Less Browning as Cooked Barley
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2023;55(2):179-186.   Published online June 1, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2023.55.2.179
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A Naked Waxy Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar, ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ with Less Browning as Cooked Barley
Image Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of naked barley cultivar, ‘Baeksoojeongchal’.
Fig. 2 Comparison of some traits in ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ (Left) and ‘Saechal’ (Right). A: Plant of heading, B: Grain.
Fig. 3 Whiteness change of ‘Baeksoojeongchal’, ‘Saechal’ and ‘Yeongbaekchal’ during storage time after cooked.
Fig. 4 Browning reaction of cooked barley after 48 hours laters.
Fig. 5 Evaluation of hulless/hulled barley rate after threshing. Left: Yeongbaekchal, Center: Baeksoojeongchal, Right: Saechal.

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

A Naked Waxy Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar, ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ with Less Browning as Cooked Barley

Vernalization and morphological characteristics of ‘Baeksoojeongchal’.

Cultivar Vernalizationz Leaf Culm Spike Awn
Length
Color Length Width Color Diameter Type Density
Baeksoojeongchal Ⅰ Green Short Medium Green Medium 6-rowed Compact Long
Saechal* Ⅳ Green Short Medium Green Medium 6-rowed Compact Long

Agronomic characteristics of ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ cultivated in Jeonju, Naju, Jinju and Daegu regions from 2017 to 2019.

Cultivar Heading date (Mon. Day) Maturity date (Mon. Day) Culm length (cm) Spike length (cm) No. of spike per m2 No. of grains per spike Test weight (g/L) 1,000 grain weight(g)
Baeksoojeongchal Apr.20 May 26 75* 4.3* 768* 48* 803* 29.5ns
Saechal Apr.19 May 24 82 4.7 628 56 789 28.7

Winter hardiness, lodging tolerance and BaYMV resistance of cultivar ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ tested in Jeonju, Naju, Jinju and Daegu regions from 2017 to 2019.

Cultivar Winter withering ratez (%) Lodging (0~9) Powdery mildewy BaYMVx (0~9)
Infection type Naju (Ⅰ) Iksan (Ⅲ) Jinju (Ⅳ)
Baeksoojeongchal 23.3 4 Susceptible 0 2 0
Saechal 12.3 5 Susceptible 0 2 0

Grain qualities characteristics of ‘Baeksoojeongchal’.

Cultivar Protein (%) Starch (%) Pro-anthocyanin (%) Amylose (%) β-glucan (%) Whiteness Cooking quality
Water absorption rate (%) Expansion rate (%)
Baeksoojeongchal 9.6ns 63.8ns 0.011* 9.6* 5.4ns 42.0* 259ns 435ns
Saechal 9.6 59.5 0.152 8.0 6.2 38.8 280 459
Yeongbaekchalz - - 0.012 - - - - -

Rate of hulless/hulled barley after threshing.

Cultivar Baeksoojeongchal Saechal Yeongbaekchal
Hulless rate (%) 99.3az 99.3a 85.3b

Yield potential of ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ in the regional yield trials (RYT) tested in Jeonju, Naju, Jinju and Daegu regions from 2017 to 2019.

Field Regions Baeksoojeongchal (kg/10a) Saechal (kg/10a) Index (a/b×100)
2017 2018 2019 Mean (a) 2017 2018 2019 Mean (b)
Paddy Jeonju 596 348 565 503 601 379 488 489 103
Naju 521 453 685 553 499 390 629 506 109
Jinju 577 499 586 554 428 473 464 455 122
Daegu 492 433 304 410 535 476 310 440 93
Mean 547 433 535 505ns 516 430 473 473 107
Table 1 Vernalization and morphological characteristics of ‘Baeksoojeongchal’.

*‘Saechal’ is a check cultivar to comparing to the characteristics of ‘Baeksoojeongchal’. These properties were investigated in paddy field condition at Jeonju region.

zVernalization type: Ⅰ(spring type), Ⅳ(fall type).

Table 2 Agronomic characteristics of ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ cultivated in Jeonju, Naju, Jinju and Daegu regions from 2017 to 2019.

*means significant and nsmeans no significant at p<0.05 by t-test.

Table 3 Winter hardiness, lodging tolerance and BaYMV resistance of cultivar ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ tested in Jeonju, Naju, Jinju and Daegu regions from 2017 to 2019.

zData tested at Yeoncheon.

yDisease incidence induced natural infection at plastic house at Jeonju for three years.

xInvestigation at viral infested field for three years (0: Resistance, 9: Susceptible). BaYMV means viral disease by Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus.

Table 4 Grain qualities characteristics of ‘Baeksoojeongchal’.

*means significant and nsmeans no significant at p<0.05 by t-test.

zComparison of a naked waxy barley ‘Yeongbaekchal’ with low proanthocyanidin cultivar.

Table 5 Rate of hulless/hulled barley after threshing.

zDifferent letters within a column indicate significant difference between cultivars (DMRT, p<0.05)

Table 6 Yield potential of ‘Baeksoojeongchal’ in the regional yield trials (RYT) tested in Jeonju, Naju, Jinju and Daegu regions from 2017 to 2019.

nsmeans no significant at p<0.05 by t-test.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

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