1농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 남부작물부 밭작물개발과
2농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원
3농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 남부작물부
1Upland Crop Breeding Research Division, Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Miryang, 50424, Republic of Korea
2National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Wanju, 55365, Republic of Korea
3Department of Southern Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Miryang, 50424, Republic of Korea
Copyright © 2023 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science
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| Variety | Heading date (mm.dd) | Culm | Panicle length (cm) | Number of tillering | Number of panicle per plant | Grain weight per panicle (g) | Weight of 1,000 seeds | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Length (cm) | Width (mm) | Unpolished grain | Polished grain | ||||||
| Yeonheechal | 8.13 | 144±1.7 | 7.9±0.06 | 33.6±2.54 | 2.7±0.05 | 3.8±0.12 | 6.6±1.30 | 5.3±0.25 | 4.5 |
| Leebaekchal | 8.15 | 145±2.2 | 7.9±0.47 | 35.9±1.78 | 3.0±0.26 | 3.9±0.20 | 5.9±0.25 | 4.3±0.04 | 3.7 |
| t-valuez | - | -0.19ns | 0.27ns | -1.81ns | -0.43ns | -0.09ns | 1.11ns | 10.1** | - |
| Variety | Lodging indexz (1~9) | Resistance (0~9) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacterial stripey | Sheath blighty | Stink bugx | Ostrinia furnacalisx | ||
| Yeonheechal | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Leebaekchal | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
z1: Under 15% of whole plants is fallen down, 3: 16~30%, 5: 31~45%, 7: Some panicles touch the ground, 9: whole panicles touch the ground
y0: No symptoms appear, 1: Ratio of outbreak plants is under 1%, 3: 1~5%, 5: 6~10%, 7: 11~20%, 9: over 21%
x0: No plants is damaged, 1: Ratio of damaged plants is from 0.1 to 1%, 3: 1.1~5%, 5: 5.1~10%, 7: 10.1~20%, 9: over 20.1%
| Location | Yield(ton/ha) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yeonheechal | Leebaekchal | ||||||||
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Mean | Indexz (%) | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Mean | |
| Miryang | 2.81 | 3.08 | 2.43 | 2.77 | 102 | 3.48 | 2.86 | 1.79 | 2.71 |
| Pyeongpaek | 1.89 | 2.43 | 2.95 | 2.42 | 105 | 1.87 | 2.29 | 2.78 | 2.31 |
| Cheongwon | 2.06 | 2.99 | 3.31 | 2.79 | 100 | 1.96 | 3.33 | 3.03 | 2.77 |
| Naju | 2.41 | 3.27 | - | 2.84 | 111 | 2.31 | 2.82 | - | 2.57 |
| Daegu | 2.38 | 3.18 | 2.02 | 2.53 | 94 | 3.02 | 3.10 | 1.91 | 2.68 |
| Overall mean | 2.31 | 2.99 | 2.68 | 2.67ns | 102 | 2.53 | 2.88 | 2.38 | 2.61 |
| t-valuey | 0.23ns | ||||||||
| Variety | CIELab color | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unpolished grain | Polished grain | ||||||
| Ly | a | b | L | a | b | ||
| Yeonheechal | 73.46±0.731 | 4.62±0.527 | 21.24±0.813 | 73.04±0.380 | 6.58±0.384 | 31.63±1.511 | |
| Leebaekchal | 70.83±1.159 | 6.72±0.313 | 22.36±0.594 | 72.95±0.904 | 6.32±0.169 | 29.32±0.611 | |
| t-valuez | 2.71* | -4.84** | -1.57ns | 0.11ns | 0.87ns | 2.00ns | |
| Variety | Hardness (gf) | Index (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Yeonheechal | 1,749±96.4 | 81 |
| Leebaekchal | 2,158±104.0 | 100 |
| t-valuez | -9.14** | - |
| Variety | Protein (%) | Amylose (%) | Ash (%) | Mineral(mg/100 g) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K | Ca | Mg | Na | ||||
| Yeonheechal | 12.3±0.64 | 1.4±0.03 | 1.1±0.28 | 208±4.8 | 14.2±0.49 | 97±2.3 | 15.3±0.78 |
| Leebaekchal | 12.5±0.10 | 1.6±0.14 | 1.4±0.06 | 255±7.8 | 14.5±2.42 | 102±3.0 | 13.5±2.46 |
| t-valuez | -2.14ns | -.3.45* | -1.31ns | -3.17* | -1.41ns | -1.80ns | -0.36ns |
| Variety | Antioxidant compounds | Radical-scavenging activity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polyphenol (mgGAE/100 g) | Flavonoid (mgCE/100 g) | ABTS (mgTE/100 g) | DPPH (mgTE/100 g) | |
| Yeonheechal | 42.4±1.01 | 15.4±0.33 | 56.8±0.07 | 26.5±1.46 |
| Leebaekchal | 34.9±0.73 | 15.6±0.68 | 54.0±0.02 | 23.1±0.67 |
| t-valuez | 6.29** | -0.51ns | 4.59** | 2.75* |
Inherent characteristics of ‘Yeonheechal’.
| Variety | Growth habit | Leaf color | Panicle type | Seed color | Dehusked grain color | Endosperm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yeonheechal | Erect | Green | Droopy | White | Yellow | Glutinous |
| Leebaekchal | Erect | Green | Droopy | White | Yellow | Glutinous |
Agronomic characters of ‘Yeonheechal’.
| Variety | Heading date (mm.dd) | Culm | Panicle length (cm) | Number of tillering | Number of panicle per plant | Grain weight per panicle (g) | Weight of 1,000 seeds | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Length (cm) | Width (mm) | Unpolished grain | Polished grain | ||||||
| Yeonheechal | 8.13 | 144±1.7 | 7.9±0.06 | 33.6±2.54 | 2.7±0.05 | 3.8±0.12 | 6.6±1.30 | 5.3±0.25 | 4.5 |
| Leebaekchal | 8.15 | 145±2.2 | 7.9±0.47 | 35.9±1.78 | 3.0±0.26 | 3.9±0.20 | 5.9±0.25 | 4.3±0.04 | 3.7 |
| t-valuez | - | -0.19ns | 0.27ns | -1.81ns | -0.43ns | -0.09ns | 1.11ns | 10.1** | - |
Resistance to disease and lodging of ‘Yeonheechal’.
| Variety | Lodging indexz (1~9) | Resistance (0~9) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bacterial stripey | Sheath blighty | Stink bugx | Ostrinia furnacalisx | ||
| Yeonheechal | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
| Leebaekchal | 3 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 |
The mean yield of ‘Yeonheechal’ at RYT.
| Location | Yield(ton/ha) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Yeonheechal | Leebaekchal | ||||||||
| 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Mean | Indexz (%) | 2017 | 2018 | 2019 | Mean | |
| Miryang | 2.81 | 3.08 | 2.43 | 2.77 | 102 | 3.48 | 2.86 | 1.79 | 2.71 |
| Pyeongpaek | 1.89 | 2.43 | 2.95 | 2.42 | 105 | 1.87 | 2.29 | 2.78 | 2.31 |
| Cheongwon | 2.06 | 2.99 | 3.31 | 2.79 | 100 | 1.96 | 3.33 | 3.03 | 2.77 |
| Naju | 2.41 | 3.27 | - | 2.84 | 111 | 2.31 | 2.82 | - | 2.57 |
| Daegu | 2.38 | 3.18 | 2.02 | 2.53 | 94 | 3.02 | 3.10 | 1.91 | 2.68 |
| Overall mean | 2.31 | 2.99 | 2.68 | 2.67ns | 102 | 2.53 | 2.88 | 2.38 | 2.61 |
| t-valuey | 0.23ns | ||||||||
Grain color characters of ‘Yeonheechal’.
| Variety | CIELab color | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unpolished grain | Polished grain | ||||||
| Ly | a | b | L | a | b | ||
| Yeonheechal | 73.46±0.731 | 4.62±0.527 | 21.24±0.813 | 73.04±0.380 | 6.58±0.384 | 31.63±1.511 | |
| Leebaekchal | 70.83±1.159 | 6.72±0.313 | 22.36±0.594 | 72.95±0.904 | 6.32±0.169 | 29.32±0.611 | |
| t-valuez | 2.71* | -4.84** | -1.57ns | 0.11ns | 0.87ns | 2.00ns | |
Grain hardness of ‘Yeonheechal’.
| Variety | Hardness (gf) | Index (%) |
|---|---|---|
| Yeonheechal | 1,749±96.4 | 81 |
| Leebaekchal | 2,158±104.0 | 100 |
| t-valuez | -9.14** | - |
Major components of seed in ‘Yeonheechal’.
| Variety | Protein (%) | Amylose (%) | Ash (%) | Mineral(mg/100 g) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| K | Ca | Mg | Na | ||||
| Yeonheechal | 12.3±0.64 | 1.4±0.03 | 1.1±0.28 | 208±4.8 | 14.2±0.49 | 97±2.3 | 15.3±0.78 |
| Leebaekchal | 12.5±0.10 | 1.6±0.14 | 1.4±0.06 | 255±7.8 | 14.5±2.42 | 102±3.0 | 13.5±2.46 |
| t-valuez | -2.14ns | -.3.45* | -1.31ns | -3.17* | -1.41ns | -1.80ns | -0.36ns |
Content of antioxidant compounds and radical-scavenging activity of ‘Yeonheechal’.
| Variety | Antioxidant compounds | Radical-scavenging activity | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polyphenol (mgGAE/100 g) | Flavonoid (mgCE/100 g) | ABTS (mgTE/100 g) | DPPH (mgTE/100 g) | |
| Yeonheechal | 42.4±1.01 | 15.4±0.33 | 56.8±0.07 | 26.5±1.46 |
| Leebaekchal | 34.9±0.73 | 15.6±0.68 | 54.0±0.02 | 23.1±0.67 |
| t-valuez | 6.29** | -0.51ns | 4.59** | 2.75* |
z ns was non significant, * and ** was significantly different between ‘Yeonheechal’ and ‘Leebaekchal’ at 0.05, 0.01 level of probability by student t-test respectively.
z1: Under 15% of whole plants is fallen down, 3: 16~30%, 5: 31~45%, 7: Some panicles touch the ground, 9: whole panicles touch the ground
y0: No symptoms appear, 1: Ratio of outbreak plants is under 1%, 3: 1~5%, 5: 6~10%, 7: 11~20%, 9: over 21%
x0: No plants is damaged, 1: Ratio of damaged plants is from 0.1 to 1%, 3: 1.1~5%, 5: 5.1~10%, 7: 10.1~20%, 9: over 20.1%
z(Index) Mean yield of Yeonheechal / mean yield of Leebaekchal×100
y ns was non significant, * and ** was significantly different between ‘Yeonheechal’ and ‘Leebaekchal’ at 0.05, 0.01 level of probability by student t-test respectively.
z ns was non significant, * and ** was significantly different between ‘Yeonheechal’ and ‘Leebaekchal’ at 0.05, 0.01 level of probability by student t-test respectively.
y L : lightness, a : (-)Green ~(+)Red, b : -(Blue) ~(+)Yellow,
z ns was non significant, * and ** was significantly different between ‘Yeonheechal’ and ‘Leebaekchal’ at 0.05, 0.01 level of probability by student t-test respectively.
z ns was non significant, * and ** was significantly different between ‘Yeonheechal’ and ‘Leebaekchal’ at 0.05, 0.01 level of probability by student t-test respectively.
z ns was non significant, * and ** was significantly different between ‘Yeonheechal’ and ‘Leebaekchal’ at 0.05, 0.01 level of probability by student t-test respectively.