‘Gowoo’, a mid-late flowering, high yielding rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar with glabrous leaf and hull and resistant to multiple diseases and insects, was developed for forage use. It was developed for use as a whole crop silage obtained from a cross between ‘Kusahonami’ with high biomass, smooth leaf and hull, lodging resistance and Japonica high yielding line ‘Iksan514,’ which showed resistance to bacterial blight (BB) (race K1, K2, K3) and rice stripe virus (RSV). In the central plain region of Suwon, ‘Gowoo’ cultivar exhibited a growth period of approximately 120 days from seeding to heading, 111 cm culm length, 22 cm panicle length, 12 panicles per hill, 140 spikelets per panicle, and 1,000-grain weight of 23.4 g as brown rice. This hairless forage rice variety was weak in response to cold stresses, similar to ‘Nokyang’. However, it was resistant to lodging in the field and showed a strong response to viviparous germination. In addition, ‘Gowoo’ was resistant to leaf and neck blast, BB, RSV, and small brown planthopper. Its average dry matter yield for three years reached 18.2 MT/ha, which was 21% higher than that of ‘Nokyang’. This glabrous cultivar had 5.3% crude protein and 68.2% total digestible nutrients, a little low compared to ‘Nokyang’. In Korea peninsular, ‘Gowoo’ grows well in central and southern plain and is good to harvest between 15 to 30 days after heading to improve its feeding value and digestion rate of livestock (Grant No. 8681).

Temperate japonica is used as the parent for crossing in the breeding of new rice cultivars in Korea, and the grain shape of the developed lines or cultivars is a semi-round and medium-short grain length. To overcome the current low quantity of japonica cultivar germplasm and deterioration in quality caused by climate change, it is necessary to diversify the grain characteristics of japonica. Most of the United States (US) cultivars are classified as medium, long, extra-long, and half spindle- and spindle-shaped grains. The qSW5 allelotype, a major gene involved in grain width, is found in all US cultivars. In addition, the US cultivar ‘Saber’ has both qgl3 and GS3_B alleles, which have low allele frequencies among Korean rice cultivars, and ‘A020’ had gw8, an allele with a reduced grain width. The pasting properties and texture of medium-grain length and half-spindle-shaped cultivars were relatively similar to those of the Korean rice cultivar, but different from those of long-grain and long spindle-shaped cultivars. Therefore, grain shape is associated with pasting properties and texture traits. Among the rice cultivars in the US, tropical japonica belongs to the same japonica as the Korean rice cultivar; however, its grain shape is similar to that of indica. As grain shape is also related to grain quality, US cultivars can be used as a useful genetic resource for diversifying the grain characteristics of Korean japonica cultivars and breeding new cultivars.

‘Miwoo’ is a mid-late maturing, high-biomass-yielding rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar with high feed value and resistance to multiple diseases and insect pests. It was developed for use as whole crop silage (WCS) from a cross between ‘Suweon519’, a line with high biomass yield and multiple disease resistance, and ‘Suweon518’, a medium flowering, high yielding Tong-il type line, which is resistant to blast (BL), bacterial blight (BB) (race K1), rice stripe virus (RSV) and brown planthopper (BPH). In the central plain region of Suwon, ‘Miwoo’ cultivar exhibited a growth period of approximately 122 days from seeding to heading, culm length of 99 cm, panicle length of 28 cm, 12 panicles per hill, 143 spikelets per panicle, and 1,000-grain weight of 25.9 g as brown rice. This mid-late-flowering rice variety was resistant to lodging during the yellowing ripening stage, an optimal period for harvesting. In addition, ‘Miwoo’ was strongly resistant to leaf and neck blast, BB (race K1, K2, K3, K3a), RSV, BPH and small BPH. Its average dry matter yield over 3 years reached 19.9 MT/ha, which is 36% higher than that of ‘Nokyang’. ‘Miwoo’ is a high-amylose cultivar with 70.7% total digestible nutrients (similar to that of Nokyang) and grows well on the central and southern plains of the Korean Peninsula. It should be harvested 30 days after heading to improve its feed value and digestion rate in livestock. (Registration No. 7683)

‘Keunpum’ is a mid-late maturing, high yielding, giant embryo rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar which is adapted to central plains and was developed to be used as (germinated) brown rice. It is resistant to multiple diseases with a good grain quality. This cultivar was derived by crossing a giant embryo rice variety ‘Keunnun’ and a mid-late maturing, multi-disease resistant rice cultivar ‘Samkwang’-it has good palatability of cooked rice. The growth period of this cultivar is approximately 117 d from seeding to heading, with a culm length of 88 ㎝, panicle length of 20 ㎝, 13 panicles per hill, 136 spikelets per panicle, and 1,000-grain weight of 19.1 g brown rice. This variety has low tolerance to cold stress and premature germination similar to ‘Keunnun’ but exhibits high resistance to lodging. In addition, ‘Keunpum’ is resistant to bacterial blight (race K1, K2, K3), rice stripe virus, and is moderately resistant to leaf and neck blast. Its average milled rice yield for three years reached 5.34 MT/ha, which is 10% higher than that of ‘Keunnun’. In the brown and germinated brown rice of this cultivar, the total dietary fiber content are 6.45% and 6.71%, and the GABA (γ-amino butyric acid) content are 6.61 and 39.47 mg/100 g, respectively. In addition, the total contents of polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannin were higher in ‘Keunpum’ brown rice than in ‘Keunnun’. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 75.23, 116.08 mg TE/100g, respectively. These functional components and antioxidant activities play an important role in inhibiting diseases and the aging process of the human body. Therefore, it is expected to be used as a basic data in the manufacture of secondary processed products using germinated brown rice (Grant No. 7684).

‘Jowoo’, an early maturing, high biomass yielding rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar with high feed value and multiple disease-insect resistance, was developed for winter forage crop-whole crop silage (WCS) rice double cropping. It was derived from a cross between a high biomass and multiple disease resistant line ‘Suweon519’ and an early flowering, high yielding Tong-il type variety ‘Gaya’ that harbored Bph3 and BPH26, conferring brown planthopper (Bph) broad resistance. This cultivar had a growth period of approximately 106 days from seeding to heading, 97 cm culm length, 24 cm panicle length, 12 panicles per hill, 120 spikelets per panicle, and 1,000-grain weight of 22.1 g as brown rice in the central plain region of Suwon. This early flowering rice variety was tolerant to premature germination and cold stresses, especially showed higher grain fertility than ‘Nokyang’ at a cold-water (17℃) irrigated screening nursery. Further, ‘Jowoo’ exhibited high lodging resistance in the yellowing ripening stage, an optimal period for harvest. In addition, ‘Jowoo’ was resistant to leaf and neck blast, bacterial blight (race K1, K2, K3, K3a), rice stripe virus, and small Bph and was also moderately resistant to Bph. Its average dry matter yield for three years reached 18.2 MT/ha, the highest among early flowering rice varieties and 19% higher than that of ‘Nokyang’. This cultivar had 72.2% total digestible nutrients, which is also higher than that of ‘Nokyang’. In the Korean peninsula, ‘Jowoo’ grows well in the central and southern plains and can be harvested 30 days after heading. This helps improve its feeding value and digestion rate in livestock (Grant No. 8133).

The rice cultivar ‘Misiru’, which is ideal for rice flour production by dry milling, was developed by the rice breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Korea, in 2017 to vitalize the rice processing industry. It is derived from a cross between ‘Daeripbyeo1’ and ‘Seolgaeng’. ‘Misiru’ was grown on a middle plain area by ordinary cultivation methods. The heading date was on August 13, culm length was 85 cm, and there were 12 panicles and 112 spikelets per panicle. The ripened grain ratio was lower than that of ‘Hwaseong’; however, the 1,000 brown rice weight was 30.8 g, about 8 g heavier than that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Misiru’ showed medium resistance to blast but susceptibility to bacterial blight, viruses, and insect pests. It was resistant to lodging, whereas pre-harvest sprouting rate and cold tolerance were similar to those of ‘Hwaseong’. The milled rice appeared non-glutinous opaque, with opaque grain rate of 83.7%. The rice grain was soft and starch granules in the endosperm were of spherical type, similar to wheat. The grain contained 6.4% protein and 18.6% amylose (the content of the latter was similar to that in ‘Hwaseong’). However, its milled rice recovery rate was lower than that of ‘Hwaseong’. The average size of dry-milling rice flour was 64.4 μm, and the rate of damaged starch was 5.2%, lower than that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Misiru’ milled rice yield was 5.66 MT/ha, 8% higher than the yield potential of ‘Hwaseong’. The cultivar ‘Misiru’ is thus suitable for rice flour production by dry milling (Grant No. 7682).

‘Asemi1’ is a rice variety derived from a cross between ‘IR71667’, which has a Jinmibyeo background with a long basic vegetative phase, and ‘IR77863’, which has a Shinunbongbyeo background with a high yield and early maturity, by the rice breeding team at NICS, RDA, in 2014. The heading date of ‘Asemi1’ is July 29, 14 days earlier than that of the check variety ‘Hwaseong’. It has a culm length of 84 cm and 110 spikelets per panicle. ‘Asemi1’ is resistant to blast disease, but susceptible to other viruses and planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and a short grain shape. The protein content (7.3%) was higher than that of ‘Hwaseong’, and the amylose content (19.6%) was similar to that of ‘Hwaseong’. The milled rice recovery rate of ‘Asemi1’ was similar to that of ‘Hwaseong’. However, the head rice rate of ‘Asemi1’ was lower than that of ‘Hwaseong’. The milled rice yield of ‘Asemi1’ was 5.92 MT/ha, which was higher than that of ‘Hwaseong’ in ordinary cultivation. ‘Asemi1’ was suitable for adaptation to a wide region of tropical Asia (Registration No. 6809).

‘Jungmo1033’, a japonica rice variety, was developed by the rice breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS) in 1992. It is derived from a cross between a native variety ‘Jagwangdo’, which has translucent milled rice and medium maturity; and ‘Hwayeong’, which is an elite line with bacterial blight resistance and mid-late maturity. The heading date of ‘Jungmo1033’ was August 10 in the middle plain area of Korea, which was two days later than that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Jungmo1033’ has a culm length of 79 cm, which was 5 cm shorter than that of ‘Hwaseong’, and 105 spikelets per panicle. ‘Jungmo1033’ showed resistance to bacterial blight (K1, K2, and K3 races) and stripe virus, but susceptibility to the K3a race of bacterial blight, dwarf and black-streaked dwarf viruses, and planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibited translucency and a medium short grain shape. It had an excellent appearance and lower amylose content (19.1%) than that of ‘Hwaseong’. The characteristics related to grain milling were better than those of ‘Hwaseong’, especially head rice milling recovery ratio and head rice ratio (94.8%). ‘Jungmo1033’ showed a milled rice productivity of 5.38 MT/ha at 11 sites under ordinary cultivation conditions. (Registration No. 5723)

‘Yeongwoo’, a mid-late flowering, high dry matter yielding rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar with high feed value and multiple disease-insect resistance, was developed for whole crop silage (WCS) use. It was derived from a cross between a high biomass and brown planthopper (Bph) resistant ‘SR25848-C99-1-2-1’ and high yielding Tong-il type, ‘Yongmun’ which had diseases resistance. This cultivar had about 117 days growth period from seeding to heading, 99 cm culm length, 26 cm panicle length, 11 panicles per hill, 125 spikelets per panicle, and 1,000-grain weight of 23.6 g as brown rice in the central plain region, Suwon. This wide and long leafy WCS rice variety was weak to cold stresses, similarly to ‘Nokyang’ but was resistant to lodging in the field, strong to viviparous germination, and good under low temperature germination. In addition, ‘Yeongwoo’ was resistant to leaf and neck blast, bacterial blight (race K1, K2, K3, K3a), rice stripe virus, Bph, and small Bph. Its average dry matter yield for three years reached 20.0 MT/ha, 32% higher than that of ‘Nokyang’. This cultivar had 5.3% crude protein and 71.7% total digestible nutrients, which was slightly lower than that of ‘Nokyang’. In the Korean peninsula, ‘Yeongwoo’ grew well in the central and southern plain and was could be harvested between 15 to 30 days after heading to improve the feeding value and digestion rate of livestock (Grant No. 6800).

The ‘Seonpum’ is a rice variety derived from a cross between ‘Junam’ which has translucent milled rice and mid-late maturity and ‘Iksan457’ that the elite line has a bacterial blight resistance and medium maturing property by the rice breeding team at NICS, RDA in 2003. The heading date of ‘Seonpum’ is August 11 and four days later than check variety, ‘Hwaseong’. It has 84 cm of culm length and 124 spikelets per panicle. This variety showed similar cold tolerance to ‘Hwaseong’ while exposed to cold stress. ‘Seonpum’ showed resistance to blast disease, stripe virus and K1, K2 and K3 race of bacterial blight, but susceptible to K3a race, other viruses and planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and short grain shape. It has similar protein content (6.7%) and amylose content (19.4%) to that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Seonpum’ showed better palatability index of cooked rice than that of ‘Hwaseong’. Its milled rice recovery rate is similar to those of ‘Hwaseong’. However, whole grain rate of milled rice is higher than that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Seonpum’ has 5.74 MT/ha of milled rice productivity in ordinary cultivation. ‘Seonpum’ could be adaptable to the middle plain area in Korea. (Registration No.6810).

‘Nokwoo’, a mid-late maturing, high dry matter yielding rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar with a good early growth and low-temperature germinability, was developed for whole crop silage (WCS) use. It was derived from a cross between a leafy tropical japonica ‘LK1A-2-12-1-1’ with high biomass and good germinability in low temperature and new plant type (NPT), ‘IR72225-29-1-1’ which had low tillering trait, large panicle, dark green leaf, thick and sturdy stem and vigorous root system. This cultivar had about 123 days growth period from seeding to heading, 122㎝ culm length, 29㎝ panicle length, 9 panicles per hill, 144 spikelets per panicle and 1,000-grain weight of 24.4 g as brown rice in central plain region, Suwon. This wide and long leafy WCS rice variety was weak to cold stresses similar to ‘Nokyang’ but was a little resistant to lodging in the field, strong to viviparous germination and good to low temperature germination. In addition, ‘Nokwoo’ was resistant to leaf and neck blast but susceptible to bacterial blight, rice stripe virus and brown planthopper. Its average dry matter yield for three years reached 16.5 MT/ha, 14% higher than that of ‘Nokyang’. This cultivar had 5.3% crude protein and 68.8% total digestible nutrients a little low compared to ‘Nokyang’. In Korea peninsular, ‘Nokwoo’ grows well in central and southern plain and is good to harvest between 15 to 30 days after heading to improve its feeding value and digestion rate of livestock (Grant No. 6072).

The 'Misomi' is a rice variety derived from a cross between ‘Sobi’ which has adaptability of low fertilizer cultivation and SR21110 (Ilpum/Jinbu19) by the rice breeding team at National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2013. The heading date of ‘Misomi’ is August 14 and six days later than check variety, ‘Hwaseong’. It has 83 cm of culm length and 121 spikelets per panicle. It showed weaker cold tolerance than that of ‘Hwaseong’ during exposed to cold stress. ‘Misomi’ showed resistance to blast disease, K1, K2 and K3 race of bacterial blight and stripe virus, but susceptibility to K3a race, other viruses and planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and short grain shape. It has low protein content (6.2%) and similar amylose content (19.4%) to that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Misomi’ showed better palatability index of cooked rice than that of ‘Hwaseong’. Particulary, ‘Misomi’ showed excellent processing adaptability than ‘Chucheong’ and ‘Hwaseong’ on palatability index of cold and aseptic cooked rice. Its milled rice recovery rate is similar to those of ‘Hwaseong’. However, whole grain rate of milled rice is higher than that of ‘Hwaseong’. 'Misomi' has 5.68 MT/ha of milled rice productivity in ordinary cultivation, which was 12% higher than that of ‘Hwaseong’. 'Misomi' could be adaptable to the middle plain area and Midwest coast area in Korea (Grant No. 5635).

The ‘Jungmo1023’ is the japonica rice variety developed from a cross between Yeongdeog34 and F1 of Iksan456 and SR21097-B-B-19-2-2 by the rice breeding team at NICS in 2012. The heading date of ‘Jungmo1023’ is August 3 in middle plain area and it is six days earlier than ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Jungmo1023’ has 80 cm of culm length which is 4 cm shorter than those of ‘Hwaseong’ and 107 spikelet per panicle. The premature heading rate of ‘Jungmo1023’ was 3.3%. It showed resistance to blast, bacterial blight (K1, K2, K3 race) and stripe virus, but susceptibility to K3a race of bacterial blight, dwarf and black streak dwarf viruses and planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibits translucent and medium short grain shape. It has better palatability index of cooked rice (0.24) and lower amylose content (18.0%) than that of ‘Hwaseong’. The characteristics related to grain milling were better than those of ‘Hwaseong’, especially head rice milling recovery ratio and head rice ratio (96.2%). ‘Jungmo1023’ showed 4.56 MT/ha of milled rice productivity at 7 sites in ordinary cultivation. However, ‘Jungmo1023’ showed early cultivation culture adaptability because of 98% of its yield potential (4.99 MT/ha) compared to high yielding early-maturing variety ‘Jopyeong’. ‘Jungmo1023’ could be adaptable to the middle plain, mid-mountainous and north-east coastal area in Korea (Registration No. 5115).

The ‘Cheongun’ is a rice variety derived from a cross between ‘Suweon462’ which has translucent milled rice and medium maturity and ‘Milyang192’ that the elite line has a bacterial blight resistance and mid-late maturing property by the rice breeding team at NICS, RDA in 2012. The heading date of ‘Cheongun’ is August 13 and five days later than check variety, ‘Hwaseong’. It has 87 cm of culm length and 114 spikelets per panicle. It showed weaker cold tolerance than that of ‘Hwaseong’ while exposed to cold stress. ‘Cheongun’ showed resistance to blast disease, K1, K2 and K3 race of bacterial blight and stripe virus, but susceptible to K3a race, other viruses and planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and short grain shape. It has similar protein content (6.7%) and amylose content (19.5%) to that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Cheongun’ showed better palatability index of cooked rice than that of ‘Hwaseong’. Its milled rice recovery rate is similar to those of ‘Hwaseong’. However, whole grain rate of milled rice is higher than that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Cheongun’ has 4.98 MT/ha of milled rice productivity in ordinary cultivation. ‘Cheongun’ could be adaptable to the middle plain area in Korea (Registration No. 5114).

The ‘Jungmo1017’ is a japonica rice variety developed from a cross between Suweon462 which has a good plant architecture, cold tolerance, moderately tolerant to leaf blast and bacterial blight and medium maturing habit, and Yeongdeog34 which has translucent milled rice and good milling properties, by the rice breeding team at NICS, RDA in 2011. The heading date of ‘Jungmo1017’ is August 16 and it is six days later than ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Jungmo1017’ has 65 cm of culm length which is 18 cm shorter than those of ‘Hwaseong’ and 93 spikelet per panicle. The pre-harvest sprouting rate of ‘Jungmo1017’ is 8.6% that is lower than 27.7% of ‘Hwaseong’ on local adaptability test (LAT). It showed resistance to blast diseases and moderately resistant to bacterial blight (K1 race) and stripe virus, but susceptible to other races (K2, K3 and K3a) of bacterial blight, viruses and planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain shape. It has better palatability index of cooked rice (0.53) than that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Jungmo1017’ showed lower protein content (6.4%) and amylose content (18.0%). ‘Jungmo1017’ could use aseptic-packaged cooked rice or processing cooked rice because its hardness of cooked rice is soft, setback and balance is low and palatability of cold and aseptic rice showed high score. The characters related to milling is better than those of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Jungmo1017’ showed 5.01 MT/ha of milled rice productivity at 7 sites of middle plain, southern mid-mountainous and south-east coastal area in ordinary cultivation. ‘Jungmo1017’ could be adaptable to the middle plain area in Korea.

Geonyangmi, low glutelins rice cultivar, was developed by the rice breeding team of National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2011. This cultivar was derived from the cross between Jinmi TR and LGC-1 in 2003 summer season, and selected by a promising line, SR29355-B-51-2-2-1, was selected and designated as the line of Suweon533 in 2009. The local adaptability test of Suweon533 was carried out at three locations from 2009 to 2011 and it was named as Geonyangmi. This variety is a mid-late maturity cultivar. This variety has 90 cm in culm length and 124 spikelets per panicle. Its 1,000 grain-weight of brown rice is 19.3 g which is less than that of Hwaseonbyeo. This variety has tolerance to unfavorable environment such as cold. This variety has translucent and clear milled rice kernel without white core and belly rice. It has low glutelin content compared with Jinmibyeo. This variety is susceptible to leaf blast, bacterial blight, virus disease and insect pest. The yield potential of Geonyangmi was about 4.93 MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level in local adaptability test for three years. This variety would be adaptable to the plain paddy field of middle of Korea.

‘Anmi’ is a new BPH (Brown planthopper) resistant japonica rice cultivar possessing the Bph18 gene derived from wild rice, Oryza australiensis and high yield potential with good grain quality. ‘Anmi’ was derived from a cross ‘Junam’ and ‘IR65482-7-216-1-2’ by a molecular marker assisted backcross breeding. The introgression line ‘IR65482-7-216-1-2’, the source of the Bph18 gene, was used as the donor parent for BPH resistance and ‘Junam’, a BPH-susceptible elite japonica cultivar with good grain quality, was used as the recurrent parent. ‘Anmi’ was developed by three times backcross the F1 plants with ‘Junam’. The heading date of ‘Anmi’ is August 15 in central plain area, which is 5 days later than that of ‘Hwaseong’. It has 77 cm in culm length, 21 cm in panicle length. The number of spikelets per panicle is more than that of ‘Hwaseong’ and 1,000 grain-weight of brown rice is 22.1 g which is less than 22.7 g of ‘Hwaseong’. Milled rice kernel of ‘Anmi’ is clear in appearance, low in amylase content and excellent in palatability of cooked rice. ‘Anmi’ shows resistance to BPH, leaf blast disease, bacterial blight, rice stripe disease but susceptible to other virus disease and insect pest. The milled rice yield performance of ‘Anmi’ is about 5.76 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. This cultivar is adaptable to central plain area of Korea.