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New Cultivar Developed

잎과 종실이 매끄러운 중만생 복합내병충성 고수량 사료용 벼 ‘고우’

안억근*, 박향미, 정국현, 현웅조, 원용재, 이점호, 홍하철, 장재기, 이정희, 이윤승, 이상범

Mid-late Maturing, Multiple-Disease-and-Insect-Resistant, High Yielding Forage Rice Cultivar ‘Gowoo’ with Glabrous Leaf and Hull

Eok-Keun Ahn*, Hyang-Mi Park, Kuk-Hyun Jung, Ung-Jo Hyun, Yong-Jae Won, Jeom-Ho Lee, Ha-Cheol Hong, Jae-Ki Chang, Jeong-Heui Lee, Yoon-Sung Lee, Sang-Beom Lee
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2023;55(2):163-171.
Published online: June 1, 2023

농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원

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*Corresponding Author (E-mail: okahn@korea.kr, Tel: +82-31-695-4027, Fax: +82-31-695-4029)
• Received: April 28, 2023   • Revised: May 1, 2023   • Accepted: May 18, 2023

Copyright © 2023 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • ‘Gowoo’, a mid-late flowering, high yielding rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar with glabrous leaf and hull and resistant to multiple diseases and insects, was developed for forage use. It was developed for use as a whole crop silage obtained from a cross between ‘Kusahonami’ with high biomass, smooth leaf and hull, lodging resistance and Japonica high yielding line ‘Iksan514,’ which showed resistance to bacterial blight (BB) (race K1, K2, K3) and rice stripe virus (RSV). In the central plain region of Suwon, ‘Gowoo’ cultivar exhibited a growth period of approximately 120 days from seeding to heading, 111 cm culm length, 22 cm panicle length, 12 panicles per hill, 140 spikelets per panicle, and 1,000-grain weight of 23.4 g as brown rice. This hairless forage rice variety was weak in response to cold stresses, similar to ‘Nokyang’. However, it was resistant to lodging in the field and showed a strong response to viviparous germination. In addition, ‘Gowoo’ was resistant to leaf and neck blast, BB, RSV, and small brown planthopper. Its average dry matter yield for three years reached 18.2 MT/ha, which was 21% higher than that of ‘Nokyang’. This glabrous cultivar had 5.3% crude protein and 68.2% total digestible nutrients, a little low compared to ‘Nokyang’. In Korea peninsular, ‘Gowoo’ grows well in central and southern plain and is good to harvest between 15 to 30 days after heading to improve its feeding value and digestion rate of livestock (Grant No. 8681).
최근 사료용 벼는 쌀 생산조정 및 하계 조사료로 활용함으로써 양질 조사료 자급률을 높이는데 적합한 작목으로 자주 언급되고 있다. 그러한 이유로 농림축산식품부는 2018년부터 2020년까지 3년간 한시적으로 ‘논 타작물 재배 지원사업’이라는 정책을 실시하여 사료용 벼를 포함한 타작물 재배를 권장하였고(Ahn et al. 2019) 2023년에는 헥타르당 430만원의 보조금을 지급하는 전략작물직불제에 하계 조사료 생산 작목 중에 사료용 벼를 포함시켜 쌀 과잉생산을 선제적으로 대응하고 있다(MAFRA 2023).
이러한 쌀 수급조절과 조사료 자급률을 향상시키기위해 국내에서 사료용 벼 품종은 지속적으로 개발되어 왔고 그 결과 현재 주로 지상부 건물수량성이 높고 병해충에 강한 ‘녹양’(Lee et al. 2011), ’목우’(Lee et al. 2013), ‘목양’(Yang et al. 2013)’, ‘중모1029’ (Ahn et al. 2015), ‘중모1038’ (Ahn et al. 2016), ‘녹우’(Ahn et al. 2017), ‘영우’(Ahn et al. 2018), ‘청우’(Ahn et al. 2020), ‘조우’(Ahn et al. 2021), ‘미우’(Ahn et al. 2022)가 개발되어 있다. 그러나 최근에는 바이오매스 향상을 넘어 이용성 확대를 위해 난소화성 물질 즉 리그닌, 셀룰로오스, 실리카, 열손상단백질 등 함량이 적은 품종도 육성하고 있다.
이에 본 연구는 종실과 잎에 강모가 없어 매끄러운 특성을 가지면서 내도복성이 우수한 ‘쿠사호나미(Kusahonami)’를 모본으로 흰잎마름병(균계 K1, K2, K3)과 줄무늬잎마름병에 강한 일반계 다수성 ‘익산514호(보람찬)’를 부본으로 교배하여 병과 충에 강하면서 지상부 건물수량이 높고 가축의 소화율과 기호성을 향상시킬 수 있는 엽표면과 종실이 부드러운 사료용 벼를 육성하였기에 그 육성경위와 주요특성에 대해 서술하고자 한다.
인공교배
‘고우’는 지상부 전체수량과 현미 수량 모두가 다수성이며 간장은 길지만 줄기가 강하여 내도복성이 우수하고 잎, 줄기, 종실 표면에 강모가 없어 부드러운 자포니카형 중만생 ‘쿠사호나미’를 모본으로 중만생종이며 흰잎마름병(균계 K1, K2, K3)과 줄무늬잎마름병에 강한 일반계 다수성 ‘익산514호(보람찬)’를 부본으로 2008년 하계에 인공교배하였다.
재배방법 및 농업적 특성 조사
인공교배 후 계통육종법에 따라 계통선발 및 생산력검정시험을 거쳐 2013년에 ‘수원615호’로 계통명을 부여하였다. 2014년부터 2016년까지 3개년 간 중부평야지 1개소, 호남평야지 2개소, 영남평야지 1개소에서 보통기 다비재배(N-P2O5-K2O; 18-9-11 kg/10a)로 질소는 기비50%, 분얼비 20%와 수비 30%로 3회 분시하였고, 인산은 전량 기비, 칼리는 기비 70%, 수비 30%로 2회 분시하여 지역적응시험을 실시하여 표준품종 ‘녹양’과 비교 사료용으로 사용하기에 적합한 주요 특성을 조사 하였다. 농촌진흥청 표준재배법에 준하여 중부평야지에서는 4월 20일, 호남 및 영남평야지에서는 4월 25일에 파종하여 각각 5월 25일, 5월 30일에 재식거리 30×12 cm로 주당 5본씩 손이앙 하였다. 기타 재배관리는 농촌진흥청 표준재배법에 준하였고, 주요농업형질, 수량구성요소 및 수량성 조사는 농촌진흥청 신품종개발공동연구사업 과제수행계획서(RDA 2017, 2018, 2019) 조사기준에 준하였다.
재해 저항성 검정
수발아 검정은 출수 후 40일 주간이삭을 3반복으로 수확하여 25℃, 포화습도에서 7일간 처리 한 후 발아율을 조사하였다. 저온발아성 검정은 2반복으로 13℃에서 처리한 후 조사하였고 내냉성은 이앙 후 30일~등숙기 때 수온 17℃ 냉수 처리 후 적고, 출수지연일, 임실률, 성숙기 표현형 정도를 조사하였다. 도복저항성 검정 시 좌절중은 출수 후 20일에 반복별로 평균적인 3개체를 골라 주간 기부 10 cm를 잘라 중앙부에 하중을 걸어 부러질 때까지의 무게를 좌절중 측정기(SHMPO FGX series, Japan)를 이용하여 측정하였다. 도복지수는 모멘트[(주간간장+수장)×총생체중]/좌절중(g)×100의 식을 이용하여 구하였다. 포장도복은 출수 후 30일에 달관조사 하였는데 그 기준은 이삭줄기 경사 15%미만일 때 1, 16~30%일 때 3, 31~45%일 때 5, 이삭의 일부가 지면에 닿을 때 7, 완전히 땅에 깔린 상태일 때 9의 등급으로 그 정도를 파악하였다.
병해충 저항성 검정
잎도열병 검정은 전국 12개소 밭못자리에 파종하여 30일 후 계통들의 이병 정도를 조사하였다. 흰잎마름병은 K1 (HB1013), K2 (HB1014), K3 (HB1015) 및 K3a (HB1009) 균계를 최고분얼기에 개체별 가위절엽접종하여 30일 후에 이병정도를 조사하였다. 바이러스병 검정은 유묘 본엽 2~3엽기에 보독충 접종을 3~4일간 실시하고, 접종 후 30일에 조사하였다. 줄무늬잎마름병은 InDel7마커를 사용하여 저항성 유전형을 확인하였고 감수성에는 ‘일품’을 저항성에는 ‘낙동’ 품종을 사용하여 비교하였다. 프라이머는 Forward 5'-AAATTCCAATGCCCAAAACC-3', Reverse 5'-TCCTCATGGAGCTCATCCAA-3' 를 사용하였다. 감수성인 벼멸구(Biotype1) 저항성은 본엽 2~3엽기에 2~3령 충을 개체당 4~5마리 접종하고 감수성 품종인 ‘태백’ 고사 후 조사하였고 애멸구(Wild type)도 본엽 2~3엽일 때 개체 당 4~5마리 접종하여 7~10일 후 감수성 품종이 고사한 후 조사하였다.
사료가치 분석
출수 후 30일에 이삭을 포함하는 식물체 지상부를 3포기씩 3반복으로 수확 건조(80℃, 72시간)한 후 잎, 줄기, 이삭을 혼합 분쇄하여 각 성분 조사시료로 사용하였다. 사료가치 평가를 위해 조지방(CF, crude fat), 조단백질(CP, crude protein), 리그닌(Lignin) 산성세제불용섬유소(ADF, acid detergent fiber), 중성세제불용섬유소(NDF, neutral detergent fiber)를 농업기술실용화재단 종합분석검정센터에 의뢰하여 분석하였으며 조단백질은 습식 분해 후 켈달법에 의해 총질소 함량을 구한 6.25를 곱하여 함량을 산출하였고, 조섬유는 Van Soest 세제법(Van soest et al. 1991)으로 조사하였다. 가소화양분총량 (TDN, total digestible nutrient)은 ADF값을 기초로 하여 88.9-(0.79%×ADF) 계산식을 이용하여 산출하였다(Lee et al. 2005).
육성 경위
‘고우’는 지상부 건물수량이 높으면서 가축 기호성이 좋은 사료용 벼를 육성하기 위해 2008년 하계에 고바이오매스이면서 내도복성이 우수하고 잎, 줄기, 종실 표면에 강모가 없어 부드러운 자포니카형 중만생 ‘쿠사호나미’(Kusahonami) (Sakai et al. 2003)를 모본으로 중만생종이며 흰잎마름병(균계 K1, K2, K3)과 줄무늬잎마름병에 강한 일반계 다수성인 ‘익산514호’ 계통을 부본으로 인공교배하여 SR32640의 교배번호를 부여하였다. 2009년 하계에 수원에서 F1 45개체를 양성한 후, 2010년 하계에 F2를 공시하여 146개체를 목적형질에 맞게 선발한 후 국립식량과학원 시험포장에서 계통육종법에 따라 F3에서 F5 세대는 계통육종법에 따라 내병성검정을 병행하면서 우량계통을 선발 고정시켰다. 선발된 SR32640-29-3-3계통에 대하여 2014~2016년 3개년간 생산력검정 시험을 실시하여 지상부의 수량성이 높고 매끄러운 잎 및 종실특성을 유지하고 있는 계통을 선발하여 ‘수원615호’로 계통명을 부여하였다. 2017~2019년 3개년 간 지역적응시험 실시 결과 사료용으로 그 우수성이 인정되어 2019년 12월 직무육성신품종 선정위원회에서 ‘고우’로 명명되었다(Figs. 1~4).
생육특성
‘고우’의 출수기는 중부와 호남평야지에서 각각 8월 23일, 8월 17일로 ‘녹양’보다 각각16일과 9일 늦고 영남평야지에서는 8월 19일로 ‘녹양’보다 8일 느리고 3지역 평균 출수기는 8월 19일로 ‘녹양’보다 8일 느린(p<0.01) 중만생종이었다(Table 1). 간장은 111 cm로 ‘녹양’보다 26 cm 길고(p<0.01) 수장은 22 cm로 ‘녹양’보다 3 cm 짧았다(p<0.01). 주당수수는 12개로 ‘녹양’과 같았다. 수당립수는 140개로 97개인 ‘녹양’보다 43개 많았다(p<0.01). 등숙비율은 77.2%로 ‘녹양’의 68.2%보다 높았다(p<0.05). 현미 천립중은 23.4 g으로 ‘녹양’ 26.4 g보다 가벼웠다(p<0.01) (Table 2). 파종 후 30일째 측정한 묘초장은 19.7 cm로 ‘녹양’과 같았고 유묘내냉성과 적고는 ‘녹양’과 비슷하였다. 13℃에서 15일 처리한 후 조사한 저온발아율은 54.8%로 29.8%인 ‘녹양’에 비해 높았고(p<0.05) 초기 신장성은 ‘녹양’보다 양호하였다(Table 3).
생리장해 및 도복 저항성
‘고우’는 못자리일수 50일묘 이앙에서 불시출수가 되지 않았으며(0.0%) 생육후기 위조에 강할 뿐만 아니라 성숙기 잎의 노화는 느린 편이었다. 성숙기의 잦은 강우에 의해 수확 전 이삭에서 싹이 트는 수발아는 대비품종인 ‘녹양’과 비교하여 1.9%로 아주 강한 편이었다(p<0.05). 내냉성 검정 결과 출수지연은 무처리에 비해 7일 빠른 특성을 보였으며 냉수구 임실율은 35.2%로 5.3%인 ‘녹양’보다는 높았지만 종합내냉성은 7정도로 약한 것으로 판정되었다(Table 4). 내도복성은 바이오매스가 큰 사료용 벼에는 갖춰야 할 기본적인 요소이며 재배안정성 확보에 중요하다. ‘고우’의 도복저항성 관련 시험 결과 벼 키는 ‘녹양’보다 긴 112.9 cm, 3절간장이 14.0 cm로 ‘녹양’보다 길지만 좌절중은 1,971 g으로 ‘녹양’과 비슷하여 도복에 강했다(Table 5).
병해충 저항성
2017년부터 2019년까지 전국 밭못자리 12개 시험지에서 ‘고우’의 잎도열병 반응을 검정한 결과 10지역에서 모두 강한 저항성 반응을 나타내었고 이삭도열병도 전주, 진주, 밀양에서 이병수율이 모두2.5%이하로 강한 편이었다(Table 6, Fig. 5). 흰잎마름병(Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae)은 ‘녹양’과 마찬가지로K1, K2, K3균계에서 강한 반응을 보였고 K3a균계에는 약하였다. 바이러스병인 줄무늬잎마름병에는 강한 반응을 보였으나, 오갈병 및 검은줄오갈병은 ‘녹양’과 비슷하게 약한 반응을 보였다. 벼멸구(Nilaparvata lugens Stål)에는 약하였으나 애멸구(Delphacodes striatella Fallem) 에 강한 저항성을 보였다(Table 7, Fig. 5).
지상부 건물수량성
2017년부터 2019년까지 3개년간 중부, 호남, 영남평야지에서 실시한 지역적응시험 결과 ‘고우’의 지상부 건물수량성은 평균 1,820 kg/10a로 대비품종인 ‘녹양’(1,501 kg/10a)보다 21% 높게 나타났다(Table 8). 이는 ‘고우’는 ‘녹양’에 비해 출수기가 늦어짐으로 기본 영양생장이 많았고 수당립수가 많을 뿐만 아니라 간장 및 엽신도 길기 때문에 전체적으로 바이오매스가 증대된 것으로 판단된다.
사료가치, 입형 및 미질특성
출수 후 30일에 지상부 전체 즉 잎, 줄기, 이삭을 건조 후 혼합 분쇄하여 사료가치를 분석한 결과 조지방은 1.8%로 ‘녹양’(1.0%)과 비슷하였고 조단백질은 5.3%로 ‘녹양’(7.2%)보다 함량이 낮았으며(p<0.01) 리그닌은 3.5%로 ‘녹양’과 비슷하였다. 조사료의 소화율에 관여하는 산성세제불용섬유소(ADF)와 섭취량에 관계하는 중성세제불용섬유소(NDF)는 각각 26.3%, 42.02%를 보여 ‘녹양’(23.8%, 36.7%)보다 많았으며 이로 인해 가소화양분총량(TDN)은 68.2%로 70.1%인 ‘녹양’보다 다소 낮았지만(Table 9) 일반적인 사료작물과 비슷한 수준이다. 종실은 외영 및 잎에 강모가 없어 매끄러운 특성을 보였고(Fig. 6.) 이는 약 60%가 규소결정체로 구성되어 있는 강모가 없기 때문에 가축이 소화하기 어려운 규소가(Rohweder 1978) 적어서 가축의 소화율을 증가시킬 것으로 기대되고 이는 가축의 기호성을 증가시킬 것으로 판단된다. 또한 농작업 시 농기계의 마모경감, 작업자의 가려움 방지 및 먼지감소로 작업위생 향상에도 기여할 것이다(Hu et al. 2013). 입형은 정조 장폭비가 2.27, 현미 장폭비가 1.77로 ‘녹양’(2.63, 2.05)에 비해 단원립이고 아밀로스 함량은 19.0%로 ‘녹양’과 같았다. 심복백은 1/1로 ‘녹양’(0/2)에 비해 좋은 편이다(Table 10).
재배상 유의점
‘고우’는 중만생종으로 파종이 늦어질 경우 생육기간이 짧아져 후기 등숙이 불량할 수 있으므로 만기재배는 피하는 것이 좋다. 또한 최대 건물수량을 확보하려면 다비조건(질소: 18 kg/10a)에서 재배하는 것이 좋다. 수확은 사료영양가치 및 알곡의 소화율을 높이기 위하여 호숙기(출수 후 15일) 에서 황숙기(출수 후 30일)에 하는 것이 좋으며 수확시기가 늦어지면 지상부 수량성은 다소 높아지나 사료영양가치 및 소화율은 낮아 질 수 있다.
‘고우’는 건물수량이 높으면서 가축의 소화율을 높여 기호성을 향상시키기 위해2008년 하계에 고바이오매스이면서 내도복성이 우수하고 잎, 줄기, 종실 표면에 강모가 없어 부드러운 ‘쿠사호나미’(Kusahonami)를 모본으로 흰잎마름병(균계 K1, K2, K3)과 줄무늬잎마름병에 강한 다수성 ‘익산514호’ 계통을 부본으로 계통육종법으로 전개한 후 2019년 사료용 벼로 육성하였다. 주요 농업적 특성은 중부, 호남 및 영남평야지 보통기 다비재배에서 출수기가 평균 8월 19일로 ‘녹양’보다 8일 늦은 중만생종이고 간장은 11 cm로 긴 편이며 주당수수는 12개, 수당립수는 140개이고 현미천립중은 23.4 g으로 ‘녹양’보다 가벼운 편이다. 불시출수는 되지 않았고 성숙기 잎의 노화는 느린 편이며 수발아는 1.9%로 ‘녹양’과 비교하여 아주 강하였다. 종합내냉성은 7로 ‘녹양’과 비슷하게 약했고 도복저항성은 ‘녹양’과 비슷하게 강했다. 잎도열병, 흰잎마름병(균계K1, K2, K3), 줄무늬잎마름병 및 애멸구에는 모두 강한 반응을 보였고 벼멸구에는 약했다. 지상부 수량성은 건물기준으로 10 a당 평균 1,820 kg으로 ‘녹양’(1,501 kg)보다 21% 증수되었다. 사료가치는 조단백질이 5.3%, 가소화양분총량(TDN)이 68.2%로 ‘녹양’보다는 약간 적었지만 양호한 편이었다. 종실 및 잎에 강모가 없어 매끄러운 특성을 가지고 있으며 이는 가축의 소화율을 높여 기호성이 증대될 것으로 기대된다. ‘고우’의 재배에 알맞은 지역은 중부 및 남부평야지이고 파종이 늦어질 경우 생육기간이 짧아져 후기 등숙이 불량할 수 있으므로 만기재배는 피하는 것이 좋고 최대 건물수량을 확보하려면 다비조건(질소: 18 kg/10a)에서 재배하는 것이 좋다. 수확은 호숙기에서 황숙기에 하는 것이 사료영양가치가 높고 알곡의 소화율을 높일 수 있다.
‘고우’를 육성함에 있어 적극 협력하여주신 국립식량과학원 본원, 중부작물부, 남부작물부 벼 육종 연구팀 및 각 도농업기술원 지역적응시험 담당자들과 농촌진흥청 관계관 여러분께 깊이 감사 드리며 본 연구는 농촌진흥청 기관고유사업(연구개발과제명: Saltol 유전자좌 기반 용도다양화 벼 품종개발, 과제번호: PJ016752)의 지원으로 수행된 결과입니다.
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of ‘Gowoo’.
KJBS-55-163-f1.tif
Fig. 2
Genealogy of ‘Gowoo’.
KJBS-55-163-f2.tif
Fig. 3
The stature of whole crop silage rice variety, ‘Nokyang’ (right) and ‘Gowoo (Suweon615)’ (left) which has glabrous hulls and leaves in the paddy field.
KJBS-55-163-f3.tif
Fig. 4
The unhulled and brown rice appearance of whole crop silage rice variety, ‘Gowoo’ (left side) and ‘Nokyang’ (right side).
KJBS-55-163-f4.tif
Fig. 5
Reaction to rice blast disease (A), bacterial blight (race, K1, K2, K3, K3a) (B, C) and InDel7 marker analysis for rice stripe virus resistance (D). Cultivar ‘Gowoo’ has multiple disease-insect resistance compared to ‘Nokyang’. Cultivar ‘Ilpum’ is rice stripe virus-susceptible, Nagdong resistant.
KJBS-55-163-f5.tif
Fig. 6
Grain and leaf phenotypes of ‘Nokyang’ and ‘Gowoo’. ‘Nokyang’ shows hairs on hull (B) and leaf epidermis (D), the ‘Gowoo’ shows glabrous hull (A) and leaf (C).
KJBS-55-163-f6.tif
Table 1
Heading date of whole crop silage rice cultivar, ‘Gowoo’ ('17~'19, LATz).
Table 1
Plain Seeding date Transplanting date Heading date
Gowoo Nokyang
Central Apr. 20 May 25 Aug. 23 Aug. 7
Honam Apr. 25 May 30 Aug. 17 Aug. 8
Yeongnam Apr. 25 May 30 Aug. 19 Aug. 11
- - Aug. 19** Aug. 11

**p<0.01, zLocal adaptability test.

Table 2
Major agronomic traits and yield components of ‘Gowoo’ ('17~'19, Suwon).
Table 2
Variety Culm Lengthz (㎝) Panicle length (㎝) No. of panicles /hill No. of spikelet /panicle Ratio of ripened grain(%) 1,000 grain weight of brown rice (g)
Gowoo 111** 22** 12ns 140** 77.2* 23.4**
Nokyang 85 25 12 97 68.2 26.4

**p<0.01, *p<0.05, nsNot significant.

zLength from soil surface to panicle neck.

Table 3
Major growth characteristics of the ‘Gowoo’ in the early stages ('17~'19, LATz).
Table 3
Variety Germinationy Rate (%) Seedlingx height(㎝) Early Elongation Coldw tolerance Discolorationv
Gowoo 54.8* 19.7ns good 4 5
Nokyang 29.8 19.7 normal 5 6

*p<0.05, nsNot significant.

zLocal adaptability test.

yGermination rate was investigated after incubating 13℃, 15days.

xSeedling height was measured by 3 replicate on 30 days after seeding.

wCold tolerance was evaluated at seedling stage after treating 13℃, 10days.

vGrade standard for discoloration : normal (1), pale green of leaf tip (3), 1/3 yellow green of leaf (5), 2/3 yellowish brown of leaf (7), most of leaves withered (9).

Table 4
Response to physiological and environmental stress ('17~'19, LATz)
Table 4
Variety Premature heading (%) Appe-arance of wilting Adult leaf sensecence Premature germination of panicley (%) Cold tolerancex
Heading delay (days) Grain fertility (%) PAw
Gowoo 0.0 Strong Late 1.9* 11* 35.2* 7
Nokyang 0.0 Strong Late 37.0 18 5.3 8

*p<0.05.

zLocal adaptability test.

yGermination rate at 7 days after incubation (25℃, 100% RH).

xCold tolerance was evaluated at a cold-water (17℃) irrigated screening nursery in Chuncheon.

wPhenotypic acceptability : strong (1), medium strong (3), medium (5), medium weak (7), weak (9).

Table 5
Agronomic traits related to lodging resistance of ‘Gowoo’ (’19, LATz)
Table 5
Variety Planty height (㎝) Third Internode-length (㎝) Breaking strength (g) Lodging Index Lodging in the field (1~9)
Gowoo 112.9 14.0 1,971 136 1
Nokyang 108.8 10.4 1,945 117 1

zLocal adaptability test.

yPlant height=culm length+panicle length.

Table 6
Reaction to rice blast disease of ‘Gowoo’ ('17~'19, LATz)
Table 6
Variety Reaction to leaf blast at nursery testy (0-9) Reaction to neck blast (%)
No. of site tested (12) Jeonju Jinju Miryang
Rx (0-3) M (4-6) S (7-9)
Gowoo 10 2 0 2.5 0.1 0.0
Nokyang 2 5 5 18.3 9.9 0.0

zLocal adaptability test.

yData was investigated in 12 leaf blast test site at local adaptability test region.

xR: resistant (Degree, 0-3), M: moderate (Degree, 4-6), S: susceptible (Degree, 7-9).

Table 7
Reaction to bacterial blight, virus diseases and insect pests of ‘Gowoo’ ('17~'19, LATz)
Table 7
Variety Bacterial blight Virus diseases Resistance to insects
K1 K2 K3 K3a Stripe Dwarf BSDy BPH SBPH
Gowoo Rx R R S R S S S R
Nokyang R R R S R S S S S

zLocal adaptability test.

yBSD: black-streak dwarf, BPH: brown planthopper, SBPH: small brown planthopper.

xR: resistant, S: susceptible.

Table 8
Dry matter yields of whole crop silage rice cultivar, ‘Gowoo’ ('17~'19, LATz)
Table 8
Region Nokyang (㎏/10a) Gowoo (㎏/10a)
'17 '18 '19 Ave '17 '18 '19 Ave. Indexx
Central 1,309 1,597 1,569 1,492 1,759 2,039 1,805 1,868 125
Honam 1,418 1,442 1,389 1,416 1,740 1,769 1,749 1,753 124
Yeongnam 1,694 1,602 1,750 1,682 1,894 1,732 2,102 1,909 114
Average 1,460 1,521 1,524 1,501 1,783 1,827 1,851 1,820** 121

**p<0.01.

zLocal adaptability test.

Table 9
Nutritive value of ‘Gowoo’ on 30 days after heading for silage use ('19, FACTz)
Table 9
Variety Chemical properties (%)
CFy CAx CPw Lignin ADFv NDFu TDNt
Gowoo 1.8ns 10.6ns 5.3** 3.5ns 26.3ns 42.2ns 68.2ns
Nokyang 1.0 10.6 7.2 3.3 23.8 36.7 70.1

**p<0.01, nsNot significant

zFoundation of Agri. Tech. Commercialization & Transfer.

yCF: crude fat.

xCA: crude ash.

wCP: crude protein.

vADF: acid detergent fiber.

uNDF: neutral detergent fiber.

tTDN: total digestible nutrients.

Table 10
Grain shape, appearance and amylose content of ‘Gowoo’ ('17~'19, LATz)
Table 10
Variety Unhulled rice Brown rice White core/belly (0-9) Amylose content (%)
Ly Wx Tw L/Wv L W T L/W
Gowoo 7.52 3.32 2.43 2.27 5.04 2.85 2.19 1.77 1/1 19.0
Nokyang 8.88 3.39 2.35 2.63 5.74 2.80 2.18 2.05 0/2 19.0

zLocal adaptability test.

ylength, xwidth, wthickness, vlength/width ratio.

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Mid-late Maturing, Multiple-Disease-and-Insect-Resistant, High Yielding Forage Rice Cultivar ‘Gowoo’ with Glabrous Leaf and Hull
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2023;55(2):163-171.   Published online June 1, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2023.55.2.163
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2023.55.2.163
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Mid-late Maturing, Multiple-Disease-and-Insect-Resistant, High Yielding Forage Rice Cultivar ‘Gowoo’ with Glabrous Leaf and Hull
Image Image Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of ‘Gowoo’.
Fig. 2 Genealogy of ‘Gowoo’.
Fig. 3 The stature of whole crop silage rice variety, ‘Nokyang’ (right) and ‘Gowoo (Suweon615)’ (left) which has glabrous hulls and leaves in the paddy field.
Fig. 4 The unhulled and brown rice appearance of whole crop silage rice variety, ‘Gowoo’ (left side) and ‘Nokyang’ (right side).
Fig. 5 Reaction to rice blast disease (A), bacterial blight (race, K1, K2, K3, K3a) (B, C) and InDel7 marker analysis for rice stripe virus resistance (D). Cultivar ‘Gowoo’ has multiple disease-insect resistance compared to ‘Nokyang’. Cultivar ‘Ilpum’ is rice stripe virus-susceptible, Nagdong resistant.
Fig. 6 Grain and leaf phenotypes of ‘Nokyang’ and ‘Gowoo’. ‘Nokyang’ shows hairs on hull (B) and leaf epidermis (D), the ‘Gowoo’ shows glabrous hull (A) and leaf (C).

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Mid-late Maturing, Multiple-Disease-and-Insect-Resistant, High Yielding Forage Rice Cultivar ‘Gowoo’ with Glabrous Leaf and Hull

Heading date of whole crop silage rice cultivar, ‘Gowoo’ ('17~'19, LATz).

Plain Seeding date Transplanting date Heading date
Gowoo Nokyang
Central Apr. 20 May 25 Aug. 23 Aug. 7
Honam Apr. 25 May 30 Aug. 17 Aug. 8
Yeongnam Apr. 25 May 30 Aug. 19 Aug. 11
- - Aug. 19** Aug. 11

Major agronomic traits and yield components of ‘Gowoo’ ('17~'19, Suwon).

Variety Culm Lengthz (㎝) Panicle length (㎝) No. of panicles /hill No. of spikelet /panicle Ratio of ripened grain(%) 1,000 grain weight of brown rice (g)
Gowoo 111** 22** 12ns 140** 77.2* 23.4**
Nokyang 85 25 12 97 68.2 26.4

Major growth characteristics of the ‘Gowoo’ in the early stages ('17~'19, LATz).

Variety Germinationy Rate (%) Seedlingx height(㎝) Early Elongation Coldw tolerance Discolorationv
Gowoo 54.8* 19.7ns good 4 5
Nokyang 29.8 19.7 normal 5 6

Response to physiological and environmental stress ('17~'19, LATz)

Variety Premature heading (%) Appe-arance of wilting Adult leaf sensecence Premature germination of panicley (%) Cold tolerancex
Heading delay (days) Grain fertility (%) PAw
Gowoo 0.0 Strong Late 1.9* 11* 35.2* 7
Nokyang 0.0 Strong Late 37.0 18 5.3 8

Agronomic traits related to lodging resistance of ‘Gowoo’ (’19, LATz)

Variety Planty height (㎝) Third Internode-length (㎝) Breaking strength (g) Lodging Index Lodging in the field (1~9)
Gowoo 112.9 14.0 1,971 136 1
Nokyang 108.8 10.4 1,945 117 1

Reaction to rice blast disease of ‘Gowoo’ ('17~'19, LATz)

Variety Reaction to leaf blast at nursery testy (0-9) Reaction to neck blast (%)
No. of site tested (12) Jeonju Jinju Miryang
Rx (0-3) M (4-6) S (7-9)
Gowoo 10 2 0 2.5 0.1 0.0
Nokyang 2 5 5 18.3 9.9 0.0

Reaction to bacterial blight, virus diseases and insect pests of ‘Gowoo’ ('17~'19, LATz)

Variety Bacterial blight Virus diseases Resistance to insects
K1 K2 K3 K3a Stripe Dwarf BSDy BPH SBPH
Gowoo Rx R R S R S S S R
Nokyang R R R S R S S S S

Dry matter yields of whole crop silage rice cultivar, ‘Gowoo’ ('17~'19, LATz)

Region Nokyang (㎏/10a) Gowoo (㎏/10a)
'17 '18 '19 Ave '17 '18 '19 Ave. Indexx
Central 1,309 1,597 1,569 1,492 1,759 2,039 1,805 1,868 125
Honam 1,418 1,442 1,389 1,416 1,740 1,769 1,749 1,753 124
Yeongnam 1,694 1,602 1,750 1,682 1,894 1,732 2,102 1,909 114
Average 1,460 1,521 1,524 1,501 1,783 1,827 1,851 1,820** 121

Nutritive value of ‘Gowoo’ on 30 days after heading for silage use ('19, FACTz)

Variety Chemical properties (%)
CFy CAx CPw Lignin ADFv NDFu TDNt
Gowoo 1.8ns 10.6ns 5.3** 3.5ns 26.3ns 42.2ns 68.2ns
Nokyang 1.0 10.6 7.2 3.3 23.8 36.7 70.1

Grain shape, appearance and amylose content of ‘Gowoo’ ('17~'19, LATz)

Variety Unhulled rice Brown rice White core/belly (0-9) Amylose content (%)
Ly Wx Tw L/Wv L W T L/W
Gowoo 7.52 3.32 2.43 2.27 5.04 2.85 2.19 1.77 1/1 19.0
Nokyang 8.88 3.39 2.35 2.63 5.74 2.80 2.18 2.05 0/2 19.0
Table 1 Heading date of whole crop silage rice cultivar, ‘Gowoo’ ('17~'19, LATz).

**p<0.01, zLocal adaptability test.

Table 2 Major agronomic traits and yield components of ‘Gowoo’ ('17~'19, Suwon).

**p<0.01, *p<0.05, nsNot significant.

zLength from soil surface to panicle neck.

Table 3 Major growth characteristics of the ‘Gowoo’ in the early stages ('17~'19, LATz).

*p<0.05, nsNot significant.

zLocal adaptability test.

yGermination rate was investigated after incubating 13℃, 15days.

xSeedling height was measured by 3 replicate on 30 days after seeding.

wCold tolerance was evaluated at seedling stage after treating 13℃, 10days.

vGrade standard for discoloration : normal (1), pale green of leaf tip (3), 1/3 yellow green of leaf (5), 2/3 yellowish brown of leaf (7), most of leaves withered (9).

Table 4 Response to physiological and environmental stress ('17~'19, LATz)

*p<0.05.

zLocal adaptability test.

yGermination rate at 7 days after incubation (25℃, 100% RH).

xCold tolerance was evaluated at a cold-water (17℃) irrigated screening nursery in Chuncheon.

wPhenotypic acceptability : strong (1), medium strong (3), medium (5), medium weak (7), weak (9).

Table 5 Agronomic traits related to lodging resistance of ‘Gowoo’ (’19, LATz)

zLocal adaptability test.

yPlant height=culm length+panicle length.

Table 6 Reaction to rice blast disease of ‘Gowoo’ ('17~'19, LATz)

zLocal adaptability test.

yData was investigated in 12 leaf blast test site at local adaptability test region.

xR: resistant (Degree, 0-3), M: moderate (Degree, 4-6), S: susceptible (Degree, 7-9).

Table 7 Reaction to bacterial blight, virus diseases and insect pests of ‘Gowoo’ ('17~'19, LATz)

zLocal adaptability test.

yBSD: black-streak dwarf, BPH: brown planthopper, SBPH: small brown planthopper.

xR: resistant, S: susceptible.

Table 8 Dry matter yields of whole crop silage rice cultivar, ‘Gowoo’ ('17~'19, LATz)

**p<0.01.

zLocal adaptability test.

Table 9 Nutritive value of ‘Gowoo’ on 30 days after heading for silage use ('19, FACTz)

**p<0.01, nsNot significant

zFoundation of Agri. Tech. Commercialization & Transfer.

yCF: crude fat.

xCA: crude ash.

wCP: crude protein.

vADF: acid detergent fiber.

uNDF: neutral detergent fiber.

tTDN: total digestible nutrients.

Table 10 Grain shape, appearance and amylose content of ‘Gowoo’ ('17~'19, LATz)

zLocal adaptability test.

ylength, xwidth, wthickness, vlength/width ratio.

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