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New Cultivar Developed

한해와 도복에 강한 조생 사료용 트리티케일 ‘신조성’

구자환1, 라경윤1, 김근하1, 박명렬1, 김정주1, 김수정1,*, 이병규1, 박종호1, 한옥규2

Early Maturing, Winter-hardy, Lodging-resistant, and High-yielding Forage Triticale Cultivar, ‘Shinjoseong’

Ja-Hwan Ku1, Kyung-Yoon Ra1, Keun-Ha Kim1, Myoung-Ryoul Park1, Jeong-Ju Kim1, Su-Jeong Kim1,*, Byoung-Kyu Lee1, Jong-Ho Park1, Ouk-Kyu Han2
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2024;56(4):523-532.
Published online: December 1, 2024

1농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원

2국립한국농수산대학

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*Corresponding toSu-Jeong KimTEL. +82-31-695-4050FAX. +82-31-695-4053E-mail. sjkim30@korea.kr

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  • ThexTriticosecale Wittmack ‘Shinjoseong’ variety was developed for use as a whole-crop silage obtained from a cross between CTSS93Y00058S-5Y-0Y-0B with early heading, lodging, and resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus and Suwon24 with winter-hardy and lodging-resistance traits by the National Institute of Crop Science (Wanju, Korea) in 2019. Shinjoseong has medium-sized green leaves, slightly short-length spikes with a light-yellow color, and slightly large seeds with a light yellow-brown color. Compared to the comparable cultivar, Shinyoung, Shinjoseong had a heading date of three days earlier (April 22nd, nationwide), stronger cold and lodging resistances, and the same level of disease resistance. Its average dry matter yield was 17.18 t/ha, 5% higher than that of the comparable cultivar. The crude protein, acid and neutral detergent fiber, and total digestible nutrient contents of Shinjoseong were 6.5%, 34.9%, 58.8%, and 61.3%, respectively, slightly higher than those of the comparable cultivar. However, the silage grade of Shinjoseong was 2, the same as that of the comparable variety. The grain yield of Shinjoseong was 7.36 t/ha, 13% higher than that of Shinyoung (Grant No. 9757).
최근 쌀 생산조정 및 양질의 안정적인 조사료 공급 증대를 위해 논 이모작 재배에 보조금을 지급하며 겨울철 사료작물 재배를 권장하고 있다(MAFRA 2024). 정부의 조사료 생산확대를 뒷받침하기 위하여 국립식량과학원에서는 트리티케일, 귀리, 청보리, 호밀, 밀 등의 맥류 사료작물 품종을 육성하여 보급하고 있다(NICS 2024). 트리케티케일은 듀럼밀(Triticum durum L.) 혹은 빵밀(Triticum aestivum L.)과 호밀(Secale cereale L.)의 교잡에 의해 만들어지기에 6배체 게놈(AABBRR) 혹은 8배체 게놈(AABBDDRR)을 가지며, 트리티케일 품종의 대부분은 6배체이다(Lukaszewski & Gustafson 1987). 트리티케일은 곡실 생산 뿐만 아니라 풋베기, 방목, 사일리지, 건초 조사료로도 많이 이용된다(Bilgili et al. 2009, Harmoney & Thompson 2010). 조사료 생산성 면에서 트리티케일은 수량과 환경에 대한 내재해성이 밀보다 크다고 하였고(Kim et al. 2017), 건물이나 사일리지 수량이 호밀 등 다른 맥류에 비해 트리티케일이 높다고 하였으나(Bishnoi et al. 1979), Poysa (1985)는 캐나다 온타리오 지역에서 봄철에 예취 처리할 경우 최종 조사료 수량이 트리티케일이 밀보다는 높으나 호밀보다는 적다고 보고하기도 하였다. 조사료 품질 측면에서는 트리티케일 조사료의 조단백질 함량이 밀이나 호밀의 조단백질 함량보다 높다고 보고하였다(Larter et al. 1968).
국내에서 조사료용 트리티케일 품종은 1985년 이래로 ‘신영’(Park et al. 2003), ‘조성’(NICS 2011), ‘세영’(NICS 2013). ‘조영’(NICS 2015), ‘신성’(NICS 2016), ‘민풍’(NICS 2017), ‘광영’(NICS 2019) 등 다수의 품종이 개발되었는데, 주로 조숙⋅다수성 품종 중심으로 육종이 이루어졌으며, 월동성, 종실 다수성 등에 대한 개선은 미흡한 실정이었다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 추위와 도복에 강하고 종실 수량이 많아 중⋅북부지역에서도 재배가 가능한 트리티케일 ‘신조성’을 개발하여 그 육성 경위와 주요 특성을 보고하고자 한다.
인공교배
트리티케일 ‘신조성’은 CIMMYT(International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center)에서 도입한 조생, 내도복성이며 보리호위축병(barley yellow mosaic virus, BaYMV)에 강한 CTSS93Y00058S-5Y-0Y-0B를 모본으로 하고 추위와 도복에 강한 ‘수원24호’를 부본으로 하여 국립식량과학원에서 2003년 5~6월에 교배하였다.
재배방법 및 농업적 특성 조사
인공교배 후 계통육종법에 따라 계통선발 및 생산력검정시험을 거쳐 2017년에 ‘수원63호’로 계통명을 부여하였다. 2017년부터 2019년까지 3개년 간 수원, 청주, 예산, 제주 4개소는 밭재배로, 전주, 강진, 진주, 대구 4개소는 논재배로 하여 ‘신영’을 표준품종으로 대비하여 지역적응시험을 실시하였다. 파종시기는 수원, 청주, 예산, 대구는 10월 중순, 전주, 강진, 진주가 10월 하순, 제주는 11월 상순에 하였다. 파종방법(휴폭×휴장)은 수원은 40 cm×4 m, 6열 조파, 청주, 예산, 제주는 25 cm×6 m, 6열 세조파로 하였고, 전주, 강진, 진주, 대구는 150 cm×6 m의 휴립광산파로 실시하였다. 지상부건물중 생산량 시험구 파종량은 전작이 180 kg/ha, 답리작이 220 kg/ha으로 하였다. 육성모지인 수원지역에서만 종실생산량 시험을 하였으며, 파종량은 140 kg/ha로 하였다. 모든 시험지에서 시험구 배치는 난괴법 3반복으로 하였다. 기타 재배관리는 농촌진흥청 표준재배법에 준하였고, 주요 농업형질, 수량구성요소, 수량성, 내한성 및 병충해 저항성 등의 관련 조사는 농촌진흥청 신품종개발공동연구사업 과제수행계획서(RDA 2017, RDA 2018, RDA 2019)와 농업과학기술 연구조사분석기준(RDA 2012)에 준하였다. 통계분석은 R 패키지(version 3.6.1) 프로그램을 이용하였다.
생산성 및 사료가치 평가
수확은 출수후 30일 경에 지상부 전체인 생초로 하였으며, 생초수량은 전체 시험구를 예취하여 ha당 수량으로 환산하였고, 건물수량은 생초수량을 평량하고 난 후 1 kg을 취하여 70±2℃ 순환식 송풍 건조기 내에서 72시간 건조 후 건물률을 산출한 다음 생초수량을 곱하여 ha당 수량으로 환산하였다. 건조 시킨 시료는 전기믹서기로 분쇄 후 4℃ 저온 저장고에 보관하여 조사료 분석용 시료로 이용하였다. 육성계통의 조사료 품질평가를 위하여 조단백질 함량은 질소원소분석기(Nitrogen Determinator, TruMac, Leco, USA)로 총질소함량을 구한 후 6.25를 곱하여 산출하였고, 산성세제불용성섬유소(acid detergent fiber, ADF)와 중성세제불용성섬유소(neutral detergent fiber, NDF)는 van Soest 세제법(van Soest et al. 1991)의 방법으로 분석하였다. 가소화양분총량(total digestible nutrient, TDN) 함량은 88.9-(0.79%×ADF)의 계산식을 이용하여 산출하였다(Holland et al. 1990).
사일리지 조제 및 분석
수확한 생초 5 kg을 작물줄기파쇄기로 5~10 cm 로 세절한 후 수분함량이 60~70% 범위가 되도록 천일 예건한 후 10 ℓ 플라스틱시험용사일로에 충진시키고 완전 밀봉하여 그늘에서 40일을 보관한 후 개봉하였다. 사일리지의 pH는 사일리지 10 g을 증류수 100 ml에 넣고 냉장고에서 가끔씩 흔들어 주면서 24시간 추출 후 여과지(No. 1, ADVANTEC)에 걸러 측정하였다. 추출액은 분석에 이용할 때까지 -20℃에 냉동보관하였다. 유기산 함량의 분석은 액체크로마토그래피(Acquity H class Plus, Waters, Milford, MA. USA)를 이용하여 분석하였고(Kim et al. 2016), 분석된 유기산함량 자료를 이용하여 Flieg's score를 산출하고 그 점수에 따라 등급을 산정하였다(Zimmer 1973).
내한성검정
내한성검정은 1월 일평균최저온도가 -8℃이고 극최저온도가 -20℃ 이하로 내려가는 경기도 연천군에 소재한 국립식량과학원 연천시험지(경도 127°15', 위도 38°10')에서 수행하였다. 10월 상순에 휴폭 40 cm, 휴장 1.5 m의 이랑을 조성하여 저휴와 고휴에 시험계통을 각 1줄씩 2반복 파종하여 월동시킨 후, 생육재생이 시작되는 이듬 해 3월 상순에 동사한 개체 비율을 조사하여 평가하였다. 월동후 잎마름 비율의 보다 정확한 품종간 비교 평가를 위하여 수원지역에서 2024년도에 월동후 잎마름비율을 추가로 조사하였다.
육성 경위
‘신조성’은 중⋅북부지역에서도 월동재배가 가능한 풋베기 및 사일리지용 트리티케일 품종을 육성하기 위하여, 출수가 빠르고 도복과 보리호위축병(BaYMV)에 강한 CTSS93Y00058S-5Y-0Y-0B를 모본으로 하고 추위와 도복에 강한 ‘수원24호’를 부본으로 하여 국립식량과학원에서 2003년 5~6월에 인공교배 하였다. 2004년~2005년에 F1과 F2를 양성한 후 2006년 F3부터 2014년 F11까지 출수가 빠르고 한해와 도복에 강하면서 다수성인 계통 ‘STO3032-B-47- 9-5-5-7-9-3-2-4’를 선발하였다. 선발된 이 계통은 2015년부터 2016년까지 2년간 생산력검정시험 후 우수성이 인정되어 ‘수원63호’로 계통명을 부여받아 2017년부터 2019년까지 3년간 수원, 예산, 청주, 전주, 대구, 진주, 강진 및 제주 등 각 도별로 1곳씩 8개 지역에서 지역적응시험을 실시하였다. 그 결과 ‘수원63호’는 기존 ‘신영’ 품종에 비해 내한성, 내도복성 등 재해에 강하며, 지상부건물중 수량도 많아 2019년 9월 농촌진흥청 농작물 직무육성 신품종선정위원회에서 직무육성품종으로 결정되었고, ‘신조성’으로 명명되었다. 그 후 국립종자원의 재배심사를 거쳐 2023년에 품종보호등록원부에 등록(제 9757호)되었다. 육성 경위를 도식화하면 Fig. 1과 같다.
고유특성
트리티케일 품종 ‘신조성’의 고유특성은 Table 1에서 보는 바와 같이 잎색은 녹색이고, 대조 품종 ‘신영’에 비해 잎몸 길이와 폭이 작고, 이삭목 융모 밀도가 높다. 성숙기 이삭색은 엷은 황색이고 이삭길이는 짧은 반면 까락길이는 길다. 종피색은 엷은 황갈색이고, 종실길이는 짧은 편으로 종실길이가 중간 정도인 대비품종과 차이가 있다. 유숙기 식물체, 완숙기 이삭과 종실 모습은 Fig. 2, 3과 같다.
농업적 형질 및 재해 저항성
‘신조성’의 출수기는 Table 2와 같이 지역적응시험지 전체에서 평균 4월 22일이었고 ‘신영’ 보다 3일 빨랐다. 지역별로는 가장 남쪽인 제주에서 ‘신조성’의 출수기는 평균 4월 6일로 가장 빨랐고, 중부지역에 위치한 예산에서 5월 1일로 가장 늦었으며, 제주와 예산 간에는 25일의 출수기 차이를 보였다. ‘신조성’과 ‘신영’의 출수기 차이가 가장 큰 지역은 수원이었다. 수원에서의 ‘신조성’ 평균출수기는 4월 24일이었고, ‘신영’ 평균출수기는 4월 29일로써 5일간의 출수기 차이를 보였다. 수원 이외의 다른 지역에서는 ‘신조성’ 평균출수기가 ‘신영’보다 대부분 2일 정도 빠른 것으로 나타났다.
중북부지역에 위치한 연천지역에서 동사율을 조사한 결과 낮은 이랑에 파종한 경우에는 ‘신조성’과 ‘신영’ 모두 동사한 개체가 없었으나 높은 이랑에 파종된 경우는 ‘신조성’이 ‘신영’보다 동사율이 낮은 경향을 보였고, 잎마름도 ‘신영’ 보다 적게 나타나(Table 3, Fig. 4) 내한성이 강한 경향을 보였다. 수원지역에서 2014년 월동직후 생육재생기에 평가한 ‘신조성’의 잎마름 정도는 2로써 ‘신영’의 1과 비슷한 잎마름 정도를 나타냈다(Table 3). 또한 도복 정도는 ‘신조성’이 1로 대비품종인 ‘신영’의 3보다 적어 도복에 강한 면모를 보였고, 병해 피해 등급은 두 품종 모두 1로써 동일한 저항성을 보였다(Table 3). 트리티케일은 호밀의 유전체가 밀과 병합되어 있어서 여러가지 병해에 강하다고 알려져 있는데(AAFRD 2005), ‘신조성’도 보리와 밀 재배시 흔히 발생할 수 있는 호위축병, 흰가루병, 잎녹병 등의 병해가 적었다.
조사료 수량구성요소
조사료 수량 및 품질에 영향을 끼치는 요소인 초장, ㎡당 경수, 지상부 구성비율은 Table 4와 같다. ‘신조성’의 초장은 평균 127 cm로 대비품종인 ‘신영’의 125 cm에 비해 2 cm 큰 경향이었으며, ㎡당 경수는 1,060개로 ‘신영’보다 143개 많은 경향을 보였다. 또한 출수후 30일에 조사한 지상부의 잎, 줄기, 이삭 구성 비율은 ‘신조성’이 잎 10.8%, 줄기 54.1%, 이삭 35.1%로써 ‘신영’에 비해 잎 비율은 1.2% 포인트, 줄기 비율은 1.4% 포인트 적었으나 이삭 비율은 2.6%포인트 높게 나타났다. 이러한 잎과 줄기 구성 비율 차이는 ‘신조성’ 잎이 ‘신영’보다 작은 특성에서 비롯된 것으로 보인다.
조사료 생산성과 사료가치
출수후 30일에 평가한 10 a당 건초수량은 Table 5와 같다. ‘신조성’은 전국 평균 ha당 17.18 톤으로 대비품종 ‘신영’에 비해 5% 정도 많았다(p<0.05). 지역별로는 수원, 예산, 진주 및 제주에서는 17.07~24.99 t/ha의 높은 건초수량성을 보였고, 청주, 전주, 대구 및 강진에서는 14.50~15.30 ton/ha으로 상대적으로 낮은 건초수량성을 보였다.
수원지역에서 출수후 30일경에 수확하여 평가한 조사료 품질특성은 Table 6에서와 같다. ‘신조성’의 조단백질 함량은 6.5%로 ‘신영’의 6.2%보다 0.3% 포인트 높은 경향을 보였다. ‘신조성’ ADF 함량은 34.9%, NDF 함량은 58.8%로 ‘신영’ 보다 각각 2.1% 포인트, 0.5% 포인트 높은 경향이었다. 따라서 ADF 함량을 기반으로 산출한 ‘신조성’의 TDN 함량은 61.3%로 ‘신영’의 63.0%에 비해 1.7% 포인트 낮은 경향이었다. 그러나 사일리지를 제조하고 40일 경과한 시료를 개봉하여 유기산을 분석한 후 Flieg 점수에 의해 판정한 사일리지 등급은 ‘신조성’과 ‘신영’ 모두 2등급으로 나타나 사일리지 품질은 두 품종이 같았다.
종실 생산성
지상부를 조사료로 사용하는 사료작물의 경우 별도로 종자생산을 해야 함으로 자급용 종자를 확보하기 위해서는 품종의 종자 생산성이 매우 중요하다고 하였다(Kim et al. 2020). ‘신조성’의 종실 생산성은 Table 7과 같다. ‘신조성’은 ha당 7.36 ton 종실 수량을 보여 ‘신영’의 6.52 ton에 비해 13% 더 증수하였다(p<0.05). ‘신조성’의 이삭길이가 ‘신영’보다 작아 이삭당립수가 ‘신영’ 보다 4립 적었으나 단위면적당 이삭수가 더 많은 경향이었고 1,000립중이 ‘신영’보다 2 g 정도 더 무거웠다. 1,000립중과 이삭수가 많은 특성이 ‘신조성’의 종실생산성을 높이는 작용을 한 것으로 판단되었다.
트리티케일 품종 ‘신조성’은 출수가 빠르고 건물수량이 높으면서 내한성과 내도복성을 향상시키기 위해 조생, 내도복성이고 보리호위축병(BaYMV)에 강한 CTSS93Y00058S-5Y-0Y-0B를 모본으로 하고 추위와 도복에 강한 ‘수원24호’를 부본으로 하여 계통육종법으로 전개하여 2019년 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서 육성한 조사료용 품종이다. ‘신조성’은 대비품종 ‘신영’에 비해 잎 크기가 다소 작은 녹색 잎, 길이가 다소 작은 엷은 황색 이삭, 엷은 갈색 종피의 근소하게 큰 종실 특성을 지녔다. ‘신조성’은 전국 평균 출수기가 4월 22일로 대비품종과 비교하여 3일 빨랐고, 내한성, 내도복성은 더 강하였으며, 내병성은 같은 수준이었다. ha당 건물수량은 평균 17.18톤으로 ‘신영’에 비해 5% 높았다. 조사료 품질특성에서는 ‘신조성’은 조단백질 함량이 6.5%로 ‘신영’보다 다소 높았고, ADF 및 NDF 함량도 각각 34.9%와 58.8%로 다소 높았으며, TDN 함량은 61.3%로 약간 낮았으나, 사일리지 등급은 ‘신영’과 같은 2등급이었다. ‘신조성’의 종실 수량은 ha당 7.36톤을 나타냈다. ‘신조성’의 적응지역은 고랭지를 제외한 전국이며, 안전월동을 위해 중북부 지역에서는 적기 파종을 준수하고, 도복 방지를 위해 적정 시비량과 파종량을 준수하는 것이 좋다.
본 연구는 농촌진흥청 연구사업(과제명: 조숙 다수성 사료용 트리티케일 계통 육성 및 종자 보급, 과제명: 고품질 사료맥류 신품종개발(4단계), 연구과제번호: PJ017257012024)과 2024년도 농촌진흥청(국립식량과학원) 전문연구원 과정 지원사업에 의해 이루어졌습니다. 본 연구를 위해 함께 해주신 국립식량과학원 육종연구팀, 농촌진흥청 관계관 및 각 도원 지역적응시험 담당자 분들에게 깊은 감사를 드립니다.
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of triticale ‘Shinjoseong’.
kjbs-56-4-523-f1.jpg
Fig. 2
Comparison of some traits in triticale ‘Shinjoseong’ and ‘Shinyoung’. Shinjoseong (A), Shinyoung (B).
kjbs-56-4-523-f2.jpg
Fig. 3
Comparison of plant of early milky stage (A) and grain shape (B) in triticale ‘Shinjoseong’ and ‘Shinyoung’.
kjbs-56-4-523-f3.jpg
Fig. 4
Comparision of the state of some dried leaves in early Mach after wintering in the Yeoncheon region in 2017. Shinjoseong (A), Shinyoung (B).
kjbs-56-4-523-f4.jpg
Table 1
Morphological characteristics of triticale ‘Shinjoseong’.
Table 1
Cultivar Flag leaf Stem Spike Awn length
of upper spike		 Grain
Color Length Width Density of hairness of neck Color Length Color Length
Shinjoseong Green Short



(17.4 cm)		 Short



(12.5 cm)		 High Light yellow Short



(10.6 cm)		 Long
(4.1 cm)		 Light tan Short



(7.6 ㎜)
Shinyoungz Green Medium




(19.2 cm)		 Medium




(13.2 cm)		 Low Light yellow Medium




(13.2 cm)		 Medium




(2.8 cm)		 Light tan Medium




(8.4 ㎜)

z‘Shinyoung’ is a check cultivar to comparing to the characteristics of ‘Shinjoseong’. These properties were investigated in upland field condition at Suwon region.

Table 2
Heading date of ‘Shinjoseong’ in the regional yield trials in eight regoins from 2017 to 2019.
Table 2
Region Sowing time Shinjoseong
(Month.Day)		 Shinyeong
(Month.Day)
2017 2018 2019 Mean 2017 2018 2019 Mean
Suwon mid-October 4.21 4.26 4.27 4.24 4.28 4.30 5.1 4.29
Yesan mid-October 4.26 5.3 5.4 5.1 4.29 5.5 5.5 5.3
Cheongju mid-October 4.23 4.29 5.1 4.27 4.25 5.2 5.1 4.29
Jeonju late October 4.18 4.22 4.23 4.21 4.25 4.23 4.25 4.24
Daegu mid-October 4.18 4.24 4.24 4.22 4.23 4.27 4.24 4.24
Jinju late October 4.22 4.22 4.21 4.22 4.28 4.25 4.23 4.25
Gangjin late October 4.20 4.25 4.22 4.22 4.21 4.25 4.23 4.23
Jeju early November 3.30 4.11 4.10 4.6 4.2 4.12 4.12 4.8
Total mean - 4.18 4.24 4.24 4.22* 4.22 4.26 4.25 4.25

*Mean between two cultivars is not different significantly at p<0.05 using t-test.

Table 3
Winter hardiness, lodging tolerance and desease resistance of triticale ‘Shinjoseong’ tested in eight regions from 2017 to 2019.
Table 3
Cultivar Death ratio over winterz (%) Leaf scorch rate over wintery (0~9)x Lodgingx (0~9)x Desease damagew (0~9)x
Normal High ridge
Shinjoseong 0 3.3ns 2 1 1
Shinyoung 0 12.7 1 3 1

zData tested at Yeoncheon region for three years.

yData was evaluated at Suwon region in 2024.

xData was evaluated at regional yield test for three years.

wPhenotypic acceptability: strong (0~1), medium strong (2~3), medium (4~5), medium weak (5~6), weak (7~9)

nsMean between two cultivars is not different significantly at p<0.05 using t-test.

Table 4
Plant height, number of stems and leaf stem ratio of cultivar ‘Shinjoseong’ on 30 days after heading in the regional yield trials from 2017 to 2019.
Table 4
Cultivar Plant height (cm) No. of culm per ㎡ Ratio of top plant parts (%)
Leaf Culm Spike
Shinjoseong Mean±SE 127±6.4ns 1,060±118ns 10.8±1.9 54.1±2.6 35.1±1.9
Shinyoung Mean±SE 125±2.5 917±87 12.0±1.7 55.5±2.8 32.5±1.7

SE: Standard error.

nsMean between two cultivars is not significantly different at p<0.05 using F-test.

Table 5
Dry matter yield potential of ‘Shinjoseong’ in the regional yield trials in eight regions from 2017 to 2019.
Table 5
Region Shinjoseong (t/ha) Shinyoung (t/ha) Index
(A÷B)x100
2017 2018 2019 Mean (A) 2017 2018 2019 Mean (B)
Suwon 19.41 18.95 16.93 18.43 19.46 20.74 14.81 18.34 101
Yesan 19.15 20.69 14.24 18.03 15.88 18.01 13.83 15.91 113
Cheongju 11.41 17.71 14.39 14.50 15.68 13.44 13.05 14.06 103
Jeonju 15.19 13.17 15.05 14.47 16.03 13.72 15.17 14.97 97
Daegu 14.26 16.66 12.94 14.62 14.99 15.48 12.50 14.32 102
Jinju 18.49 15.96 17.04 17.07 14.33 15.31 17.02 15.55 110
Gangjin 11.49 12.37 22.05 15.30 12.12 11.21 19.07 14.13 108
Jeju 30.20 16.25 28.51 24.99 25.18 18.89 28.21 24.09 104
Total mean 17.45 16.44 17.46 17.18* 16.71 15.85 16.71 16.42 105

*Mean between two cultivars is not different significantly at p<0.05 using t-test.

Table 6
Nutritive value of ‘Shinjoseong’ on 30days after heading for silage use at Suwon region from 2017 to 2019.
Table 6
Cultivar Crude protein
(%)		 ADFz (%) NDFy (%) thNx (%) Gradew (1~5)
Shinjoseong Mean±SE 6.5±0.4ns 34.9±3.6ns 58.8±5.7ns 61.3±2.9ns 2
Shinyoung Mean±SE 6.2±0.3 32.8±3.8 58.3±3.4 63.0±3.0 2

zADF: acid detergent fiber.

yNDF: neutral detergent fiber.

xTDN: total digestible nutrients.

wGrade: 1 (excellent), 2 (good), 3 (medium), 4 (poor), 5 (very poor).

SE: Standard error.

nsMean between two cultivars is not significantly different at p<0.05 using t-test.

Table 7
Major agronomic traits, grain yield and yield components of ‘Shinjoseong’ cultivated for seed production in Suwon regions from 2017 to 2019.
Table 7
Cultivar Culmn lengthz (cm) Spike length
(cm)		 No. of spike per ㎡ No. of grains per spike 1,000 grain weight (g) Grain yield
(t/ha)
Shinjoseong Mean±SE 116±2.9* 10.6±0.9* 839±52ns 52±0.9* 34.3±1.7* 7.36±0.54*
Shinyoung Mean±SE 112±2.2 13.2±0.9 808±59 56±1.0 32.3±1.1 6.52±0.58

zLength from soil surface to spike neck.

SE: Standard error.

ns and * significantly, respectively.

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Early Maturing, Winter-hardy, Lodging-resistant, and High-yielding Forage Triticale Cultivar, ‘Shinjoseong’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2024;56(4):523-532.   Published online December 1, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2024.56.4.523
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Early Maturing, Winter-hardy, Lodging-resistant, and High-yielding Forage Triticale Cultivar, ‘Shinjoseong’
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2024;56(4):523-532.   Published online December 1, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2024.56.4.523
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Early Maturing, Winter-hardy, Lodging-resistant, and High-yielding Forage Triticale Cultivar, ‘Shinjoseong’
Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of triticale ‘Shinjoseong’.
Fig. 2 Comparison of some traits in triticale ‘Shinjoseong’ and ‘Shinyoung’. Shinjoseong (A), Shinyoung (B).
Fig. 3 Comparison of plant of early milky stage (A) and grain shape (B) in triticale ‘Shinjoseong’ and ‘Shinyoung’.
Fig. 4 Comparision of the state of some dried leaves in early Mach after wintering in the Yeoncheon region in 2017. Shinjoseong (A), Shinyoung (B).

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Early Maturing, Winter-hardy, Lodging-resistant, and High-yielding Forage Triticale Cultivar, ‘Shinjoseong’

Morphological characteristics of triticale ‘Shinjoseong’.

Cultivar Flag leaf Stem Spike Awn length
of upper spike		 Grain
Color Length Width Density of hairness of neck Color Length Color Length
Shinjoseong Green Short



(17.4 cm)		 Short



(12.5 cm)		 High Light yellow Short



(10.6 cm)		 Long
(4.1 cm)		 Light tan Short



(7.6 ㎜)
Shinyoungz Green Medium




(19.2 cm)		 Medium




(13.2 cm)		 Low Light yellow Medium




(13.2 cm)		 Medium




(2.8 cm)		 Light tan Medium




(8.4 ㎜)

Heading date of ‘Shinjoseong’ in the regional yield trials in eight regoins from 2017 to 2019.

Region Sowing time Shinjoseong
(Month.Day)		 Shinyeong
(Month.Day)
2017 2018 2019 Mean 2017 2018 2019 Mean
Suwon mid-October 4.21 4.26 4.27 4.24 4.28 4.30 5.1 4.29
Yesan mid-October 4.26 5.3 5.4 5.1 4.29 5.5 5.5 5.3
Cheongju mid-October 4.23 4.29 5.1 4.27 4.25 5.2 5.1 4.29
Jeonju late October 4.18 4.22 4.23 4.21 4.25 4.23 4.25 4.24
Daegu mid-October 4.18 4.24 4.24 4.22 4.23 4.27 4.24 4.24
Jinju late October 4.22 4.22 4.21 4.22 4.28 4.25 4.23 4.25
Gangjin late October 4.20 4.25 4.22 4.22 4.21 4.25 4.23 4.23
Jeju early November 3.30 4.11 4.10 4.6 4.2 4.12 4.12 4.8
Total mean - 4.18 4.24 4.24 4.22* 4.22 4.26 4.25 4.25

Winter hardiness, lodging tolerance and desease resistance of triticale ‘Shinjoseong’ tested in eight regions from 2017 to 2019.

Cultivar Death ratio over winterz (%) Leaf scorch rate over wintery (0~9)x Lodgingx (0~9)x Desease damagew (0~9)x
Normal High ridge
Shinjoseong 0 3.3ns 2 1 1
Shinyoung 0 12.7 1 3 1

Plant height, number of stems and leaf stem ratio of cultivar ‘Shinjoseong’ on 30 days after heading in the regional yield trials from 2017 to 2019.

Cultivar Plant height (cm) No. of culm per ㎡ Ratio of top plant parts (%)
Leaf Culm Spike
Shinjoseong Mean±SE 127±6.4ns 1,060±118ns 10.8±1.9 54.1±2.6 35.1±1.9
Shinyoung Mean±SE 125±2.5 917±87 12.0±1.7 55.5±2.8 32.5±1.7

Dry matter yield potential of ‘Shinjoseong’ in the regional yield trials in eight regions from 2017 to 2019.

Region Shinjoseong (t/ha) Shinyoung (t/ha) Index
(A÷B)x100
2017 2018 2019 Mean (A) 2017 2018 2019 Mean (B)
Suwon 19.41 18.95 16.93 18.43 19.46 20.74 14.81 18.34 101
Yesan 19.15 20.69 14.24 18.03 15.88 18.01 13.83 15.91 113
Cheongju 11.41 17.71 14.39 14.50 15.68 13.44 13.05 14.06 103
Jeonju 15.19 13.17 15.05 14.47 16.03 13.72 15.17 14.97 97
Daegu 14.26 16.66 12.94 14.62 14.99 15.48 12.50 14.32 102
Jinju 18.49 15.96 17.04 17.07 14.33 15.31 17.02 15.55 110
Gangjin 11.49 12.37 22.05 15.30 12.12 11.21 19.07 14.13 108
Jeju 30.20 16.25 28.51 24.99 25.18 18.89 28.21 24.09 104
Total mean 17.45 16.44 17.46 17.18* 16.71 15.85 16.71 16.42 105

Nutritive value of ‘Shinjoseong’ on 30days after heading for silage use at Suwon region from 2017 to 2019.

Cultivar Crude protein
(%)		 ADFz (%) NDFy (%) thNx (%) Gradew (1~5)
Shinjoseong Mean±SE 6.5±0.4ns 34.9±3.6ns 58.8±5.7ns 61.3±2.9ns 2
Shinyoung Mean±SE 6.2±0.3 32.8±3.8 58.3±3.4 63.0±3.0 2

Major agronomic traits, grain yield and yield components of ‘Shinjoseong’ cultivated for seed production in Suwon regions from 2017 to 2019.

Cultivar Culmn lengthz (cm) Spike length
(cm)		 No. of spike per ㎡ No. of grains per spike 1,000 grain weight (g) Grain yield
(t/ha)
Shinjoseong Mean±SE 116±2.9* 10.6±0.9* 839±52ns 52±0.9* 34.3±1.7* 7.36±0.54*
Shinyoung Mean±SE 112±2.2 13.2±0.9 808±59 56±1.0 32.3±1.1 6.52±0.58
Table 1 Morphological characteristics of triticale ‘Shinjoseong’.

z‘Shinyoung’ is a check cultivar to comparing to the characteristics of ‘Shinjoseong’. These properties were investigated in upland field condition at Suwon region.

Table 2 Heading date of ‘Shinjoseong’ in the regional yield trials in eight regoins from 2017 to 2019.

*Mean between two cultivars is not different significantly at p<0.05 using t-test.

Table 3 Winter hardiness, lodging tolerance and desease resistance of triticale ‘Shinjoseong’ tested in eight regions from 2017 to 2019.

zData tested at Yeoncheon region for three years.

yData was evaluated at Suwon region in 2024.

xData was evaluated at regional yield test for three years.

wPhenotypic acceptability: strong (0~1), medium strong (2~3), medium (4~5), medium weak (5~6), weak (7~9)

nsMean between two cultivars is not different significantly at p<0.05 using t-test.

Table 4 Plant height, number of stems and leaf stem ratio of cultivar ‘Shinjoseong’ on 30 days after heading in the regional yield trials from 2017 to 2019.

SE: Standard error.

nsMean between two cultivars is not significantly different at p<0.05 using F-test.

Table 5 Dry matter yield potential of ‘Shinjoseong’ in the regional yield trials in eight regions from 2017 to 2019.

*Mean between two cultivars is not different significantly at p<0.05 using t-test.

Table 6 Nutritive value of ‘Shinjoseong’ on 30days after heading for silage use at Suwon region from 2017 to 2019.

zADF: acid detergent fiber.

yNDF: neutral detergent fiber.

xTDN: total digestible nutrients.

wGrade: 1 (excellent), 2 (good), 3 (medium), 4 (poor), 5 (very poor).

SE: Standard error.

nsMean between two cultivars is not significantly different at p<0.05 using t-test.

Table 7 Major agronomic traits, grain yield and yield components of ‘Shinjoseong’ cultivated for seed production in Suwon regions from 2017 to 2019.

zLength from soil surface to spike neck.

SE: Standard error.

ns and * significantly, respectively.

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

Table 7

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