‘Cheongja5’ is a black seed coat soybean cultivar developed from crossing ‘Milyang181’ and ‘YS1886 (Cheongdu1/Tanbaguro)’ in 2007. Promising lines were selected using the pedigree method from F₃ to F₅. The preliminary and advanced yield trials were conducted in 2013 and 2014, respectively. Regional yield trials (RYT) were conducted in seven regions from 2015 to 2017. ‘Cheongja5’ has a determinate growth habit, oval leaflet shape, brown pubescence, and white flowers. The seed of ‘Cheongja5’ has a black seed coat color with green cotyledon. Flowering and maturing dates were Aug. 3 and Oct. 24, respectively. Regarding the quantitative characteristics, ‘Cheongja5’ has large seed size (37.0 g/100-seed weight) and more pods than ‘Cheongja3’. ‘Cheongja5’ was tolerant to pod shattering in field and indoor RYT tests. ‘Cheongja5’ was resistant to bacterial pustule in the field and soybean mosaic virus (strains G6H and G7H) in the inoculation test. Although its seed quality-related characteristics were almost similar to those of ‘Cheongja3’, it contained more anthocyanin which is a main functional component of black soybean. The mean yield of ‘Cheongja5’ in the RYTs was 343 kg/10 a which was 30% higher than that of ‘Cheongja3’. ‘Cheongja5’ is expected to be widely cultivated as a material for making soy-food that uses black soybean because of its large seed size and high yield potential (Registration No. 7687).

‘Cheongmiin’ is a green seed-coated soybean cultivar developed from a cross between ‘Cheongjakong’ and ‘Daemang’ in 2002. The F₁ and F₂ populations were grown for 2 years, and promising lines were selected based on the pedigree method from generations F₃ to F₅. Preliminary and advanced yield trials were conducted from 2009 to 2010, and regional yield trials (RYTs) were conducted in eight regions from 2011 to 2013. ‘Cheongmiin’ is a determinate soybean with white flowers, green cotyledons, and spherical green seeds. The average flowering and maturing dates of ‘Cheongmiin’ were August 1^st and October 22^nd, respectively. In terms of quantitative characteristics, ‘Cheongmiin’ has a larger seed size (34.3 g/100-seed weight) than that of ‘Cheongdu1ho’ (24.5 g/100-seed weight), and has also been shown to be tolerant to lodging and pod shattering in the field in RYTs and oven drying tests, respectively. Furthermore, ‘Cheongmiin’ has been found to be resistant to bacterial pustules in the field and soybean mosaic viruses (G5H and G6H strains) in inoculation tests. The mean yield of ‘Cheongmiin’ in the RYTs was 272 kg/10 a, which was 4% higher than that of ‘Cheongdu1ho’. Given its large seed size and seed coat color, ‘Cheongmiin’ is expected to be highly useful for cooking with rice and for the preparation of rice cakes (Registration No. 7688).

‘Haewon’ is a soybean cultivar for soy-sprouts. ‘Bosug’ and ‘Somyeong’ were crossed in 2003, and promising lines were selected from F3 to F6 using the pedigree method (Pedigree: HS1450-2B-3-1-1-2-2-1). Preliminary yield (PYT) and advanced yield trials (AYT) were conducted from 2010 to 2011, and regional yield trials (RYT) were conducted in five regions (Suwon, Naju, Miryang, Dalseong, and Jeju) from 2012 to 2014. In the RYTs, ‘Haewon’ had a smaller seed weight and higher yield than the standard cultivar ‘Pungsannamulkong’, which are desirable characteristics for the soy-sprout process. The morphological characteristics of ‘Haewon’ are as follows: determinate plant type, purple flowers, gray pubescence, yellow pods, small, yellow spherical seeds (8.1 g/100-seeds), and light brown hilum. The flowering and maturity dates were July 29th and October 6th, respectively. Plant height and first pod height were 55 cm and 12 cm, respectively. The lodging tolerance was also strong compared to that of ‘Pungsannamulkong’. The germination rate, total length, hypocotyl length, thickness, and sprout yield of soybean sprouts were 97%, 19.1 cm, 8.8 cm, 2.1 mm, and 513%, respectively. The yield in adaptable regions was 337 kg/10 a, 16% higher than that of ‘Pungsannamulkong’. ‘Haewon’ can be used for soy-sprout with favorable seed size and soy-sprout characteristics, such as germination and sprout-yield. (Registration No. 6637).

‘Taecheong’ is a black soybean cultivar developed from crossing ‘YS1593(Milyang136×Tanbaguro)’ and ‘Cheongja2’ in 2005. F₁ and F₂ populations were grown for 2 years and promising lines were selected by pedigree method from F₃ to F₅. The preliminary yield trial (PYT) and advanced yield trial (AYT) were conducted from 2012 to 2013, and a regional yield trial (RYT) in seven regions was conducted from 2014 to 2016. ‘Taecheong’ is determinate, with purple flower, green cotyledon, and black spherical seed. Flowering date and maturing date were August 3 and October 20, respectively. Regarding quantitative characteristics, ‘Taecheong’ has a larger seed size (44.5 g/100-seed weight) than that of ‘Cheongja3’ (35.8 g/100-seed weight). ‘Taecheong’ was tolerant to pod shattering and lodging at the RYT field and indoor test. In addition, ‘Taecheong’ was resistant to bacterial pustule during the field test, and to soybean mosaic virus (G6H strain) during the inoculation test. Although its seed quality-related characteristics were similar to those of ‘Cheongja3’, it contained more anthocyanin in its seed-coat, which is a primary functional component of black soybean. The mean yield of ‘Taecheong’ in RYT was 240 kg/10a, which was 94% of the yield of ‘Cheongja3’. ‘Taecheong’ is expected to be used as raw material for soy products, such as for preparing soybean chocolates, because of its large seed size (Registration number: 7104).

The soybean cultivar, ‘Saegeum’, has been developed for preparing soy-paste and tofu. The soybean cultivars ‘Daepung’ and ‘SS98207-3SSD-168’ were crossed in 2003 to obtain ‘Saegeum’. Single seed descent method was used to advance the generation from F₃ to F₅, and the plant lines with promising traits were selected from F₆ to F₇ by pedigree method. The preliminary yield (PYT) and advanced yield trials (AYT) were conducted from 2009 to 2010, and the regional yield trial (RYT) was conducted in 12 regions between 2011 and 2013. The morphological characteristics of ‘Saegeum’ were as follows: determinate plant type, white flower, tawny pubescence color, and brown pod color. Flowering and maturity dates were August 2, XXXX and October 17, XXXX, respectively. Plant height, first pod height, number of nodes, number of branches, and number of pods were 79 cm, 18 cm, 16, 2.3, and 44, respectively. The seed characteristics of ‘Saegeum’ were as follows: yellow spherical shape, yellow hilum, and the 100-seed weight was 25.4 g. ‘Saegeum’ was resistant to bacterial pustule and SMV in the field test, and its lodging resistance was mildly strong, whereas its shattering resistance was excellent. The ability of this cultivar to be processed into tofu, soybean malt, and other fermented products was comparable with that of ‘Daewonkong’. The yield of ‘Saegeum’ in the adaptable regions was 3.02 ton ha^-1. Thus, ‘Saegeum’ is adaptable to mechanized harvesting because of its high first pod height, as well as lodging and shattering resistance. (Registration number: 5929)

The soybean cultivar ‘Neulchan’ was developed for production of soy-paste and tofu. SS91501-9-1-1 and SS96205 (F₂) were crossed in 1998, and F₃ to F₇ were selected by the pedigree method. A preliminary yield trial (PYT) and an advanced yield trial (AYT) were conducted from 2006 to 2008, and a regional yield trial (RYT) in nine regions was conducted from 2009 to 2011. In the RYT, ‘Neulchan’ was stable in variable environments and generated high yield. ‘Neulchan’ was determinate with white flower, light brown pod color, yellow spherical seed, and yellow hilum. Its flowering date and maturity date were Jul. 30 and Oct. 9, respectively. The plant height was shorter than that of ‘Daewonkong’ (a standard cultivar). ‘Neulchan’ had the same node number (14), higher first-pod height (12 cm), and lighter seed weight (21.7 g/100-seed weight) than those of ‘Daewonkong’ (14, 11, and 24.2 g/100-seed weight, respectively). ‘Neulchan’ had high resistance to bacterial pustule, and its resistance to soybean mosaic virus was similar to that of ‘Daewonkong’. The yield and color of ‘Neulchan’ tofu were similar to those of ‘Daewonkong’ tofu, but the hardness was lower than that of ‘Daewonkong’ tofu. The soybean malt scent, fermented soybean yield, and γ-polyglutamic acid (γ-PGA) of ‘Neulchan’ were 3, 215%, and 24.6 mg/g, respectively. Its yield in adaptable regions was 307 kg/10a, higher than that of ‘Daewonkong’. ‘Neulchan’ was expected to be cultivated and used widely for soy-paste and tofu production. (Registration No. 4904).

‘Aram’ is a soybean cultivar developed for soy-sprout. It was developed from the crossing of ‘Bosug’ (Glycine max IT213209) and ‘Camp’ (G. max IT267356) cultivars in 2007. F₁ plants and F₂ population were developed in 2009 and 2010. A promising line was selected in the F₅ generation in 2011 using the pedigree method and it was evaluated for agronomic traits, yield, and soy-sprouts characteristics in a preliminary yield trial (PYT) in 2012 and an advanced yield trial (AYT) in 2013. Agronomic traits and yield were stable between 2014 and 2016 in the regional yield trial (RYT) in four regions (Suwon, Naju, Dalseong, and Jeju). Morphological characteristics of ‘Aram’ are as follows: determinate plant type, purple flowers, grey pubescence, yellow pods, and small, yellow, and spherical seeds (9.9 g 100-seeds^-1) with a light brown hilum. The flowering date was the 5^th of August and the maturity date was the 15^th of October. Plant height, first pod height, number of nods, number of branches, and number of pods were 65 cm, 13 cm, 16, 4.5, and 99, respectively. In the sprout test, germination rate and sprout characteristics of ‘Aram’ were comparable to that of the ‘Pungsannamulkong’ cultivar. The yield of ‘Aram’ was 3.59 ton ha^-1 and it was 12% higher than that of ‘Pungsannamulkong’ in southern area of Korea. The yield of ‘Aram’ in the Jeju region, which is the main region for soybean sprout production, was 20% higher than that of ‘Pungsannamulkong’. The height of the first pod and the tolerance to lodging and pod shattering, which are connected to the adaptation to mechanized harvesting, were higher in ‘Aram’ compared to those in ‘Pungsannamulkong’. Therefore, the ‘Aram’ cultivar is expected to be broadly cultivated because of its higher soybean sprout quality, and seed yield and better adaptation to mechanized harvesting. (Registration number: 7718)

Cheongja4’ is a black soybean cultivar developed via a cross between ‘Milyang148’ and ‘Daemang’ in 2005. F₁ and F₂ populations were grown for 2 years, and promising lines were selected using the pedigree method from F₃ to F₅. The preliminary yield trial (PYT) and advanced yield trials (AYT) were conducted from 2011 to 2012, and regional yield trial (RYT) in 7 regions was conducted from 2013 to 2015. ‘Cheongja4’ is determinate and has purple flowers, a green cotyledon, and black spherical seeds. Flowering date and maturing date were Aug. 5 and Oct. 19, respectively. With respect to its quantitative characteristics, ‘Cheongja4’ has more pods (50) and smaller seed size (30.1g/100-seed weight) than ‘Cheongja3’ (38 and 35.2g/100-seed weight). ‘Cheongja4’ was revealed to be more tolerant to pod shattering than ‘Cheongja3’ in RYT field and indoor test. ‘Cheongja4’ had high levels of resistance to bacterial pustule and soybean mosaic virus in field and inoculation test. Although its seed quality-related characteristics were similar to those of ‘Cheongja3’, it contained more anthocyanin in the seed coat; this is the main functional component of black soybean. The mean yield of ‘Cheongja4’ in RYT was 314kg/10a, 123% of the yield of ‘Cheongja3’. ‘Cheongja4’ is expected to be widely used for variable functional purposes, such as cooking with rice and the production of processed food.

Soybean [Glycine max. (L.) Merr] is one of the most important legumes in the world. However, soybean varieties are sensitive to flooding stress and their seed yields are substantially reduced in response to the flooding stress. 192 soybean germplasm collection was screened to identify flooding tolerant germplasm at an early vegetative growth stage (V1). Soybean plants at V1 stage were waterlogged for 4 to 10 days. To evaluate flooding tolerance, survival rate were investigated as a time dependent manner. Jangbaegkong, Danbaegkong, Sowonkongkong, Socheong2 and Suwon269 showed flooding tolerance, while Shillog, T201, T181, NTS1116 and HP-963 showed flooding sensitivity. We also investigated effects of flooding stress on soybean morphology. The adventitious root development was greatly increased in flooding tolerant plants compared to it in flooding sensitive plants. In addition, root length and root number were analyzed. The significant reduction of root length and root number was observed in flooding sensitive plants. Thus, these results indicate that the morphological changes in roots are important for acclimation to flooding stress. Taken together, the relationship between the morphological changes in the roots and flooding tolerance may be useful in selecting a flooding tolerant soybean germplasm.