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New Cultivar Developed

숙기가 빠르고 식미가 우수한 단옥수수 ‘고당옥1호’

김정태1,*, 이진석2,*, 손범영3, 배환희3, 백성범3, 정태욱3, 김상곤4, 김성국3, 정건호2, 김선림3, 고영삼3, 이기범3

‘Godangok 1’, a Good Quality Sweet Single-Cross Corn Hybrid with High Sugar Content

Jung-Tae Kim1,*, Jin-Seok Lee2,*, Beom-Young Son3, Hwan-Hee Bae3, Seong-Bum Baek3, Tae-Wook Jung3, Sang-Gon Kim4, Sung-Kook Kim3, Gun-Ho Jung2, Sun-Lim Kim3, Young-Sam Ko3, Gibum Yi3
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2020;52(2):145-150.
Published online: June 1, 2020

1농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원

2농촌진흥청

3농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 중부작물부

4(재)경남한방항노화연구원

1National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Jeonju, 55365, Republic of Korea

2Rural Development Administration, Jeonju, 54875, Republic of Korea

3National Institute of Crop Science, RDA, Suwon, 16429, Republic of Korea

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* Co-corresponding Author: Jin-Seok Lee (E-mail: z9813139@korea.kr, Tel: +82-63-238-0751, Fax: +82-63-238-1777)
* Corresponding Author: Jung-Tae Kim (E-mail: kimjt@kerea.kr, Tel: +82-63-238-5133, Fax: +82-63-238-5157)
• Received: February 12, 2020   • Revised: February 17, 2020   • Accepted: February 21, 2020

Copyright © 2020 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • ‘Godangok1’, a sweet corn hybrid obtained by crossing the inbred KSE13 (female) and KSE37 (male), was developed by the maize breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration, Korea, in 2016. ‘Godangok1’ has the sugary enhancer (se) gene, and the ear is yellow-white. The number of days to silking of ‘Godangok1’ was 59, similar to ‘Danok3’ (check variety), but ear length and the ratio of kernel set length to ear length (18.7 cm and 96%, respectively) were superior to those of ‘Danok3’. The resistance to Bipolaris maydis, Exserohilum turcicum, and Ostrinia furnacalis was similar to that exhibited by ‘Danok3’, whereas the lodging tolerance was stronger than that of ‘Danok3’. The fresh ear yield of ‘Godangok1’ was 6,530 ears, with 1,139 kg per 10a, and the sugar content was 20.8 °Brix. The hundred kernel weight was 27.4 g, smaller than that of ‘Danok3’. The flavor was excellent and assigned a sensory score of 5.7. Unique properties of ‘Godangok1’ coded by the recessive se gene are eliminated due to crosspollination when growing along with other types of corn such as general corn (sh, sh2, bt, etc.). Therefore, it must be isolated in time or space and harvested in order to produce high-quality sweet corn (Registration No. 7506).
  • Keywords: Godangok1; corn; maize; hybrid
옥수수(Zea mays L.)는 세계 3대작물 중 하나로 매우 중요한 위치를 가지고 있는 작물이다. 옥수수 용도는 우리나라에서 식용 및 사료용으로 주로 이용되며, 외국에서는 바이오에너지 등을 포함하는 다양한 분야에서 원료로 쓰이고 있다. 우리나라의 옥수수 재배면적 및 생산량은 2017년을 기준으로 약 15천 ha에서 72천 ton이 생산되고 있다(MAFRA 2018). 우리나라에서 단옥수수는 주로 생식용으로 이용되고 있으며, 농가에서 다른 옥수수 재배에 비해 수익성이 높아 고소득 작물의 하나로 인식되고 있다. 단옥수수는 우리나라에서 재배와 관련하여 정확하게 기록된 것이 없으며, 처음으로 단옥수수와 관련된 문헌으로는 1973년 농촌진흥청 작물시험장에서 도입품종 시험을 실시한 기록이 존재하며, 1982년에는 단옥수수 종자 70톤이 도입되어 약 4천 ha에서 재배가 시작되었다(Park et al. 1987).
국내 단옥수수 개발 품종 역사는 1983년 ‘단옥1호’(Park et al. 1987)을 시작으로 1989년 ‘단옥2호’(Park et al. 1991), 1998년 ‘금단옥’이 개발되었다. 20년대 이후에는 2001년 ‘단옥3호’(Jung et al. 2002), 2011년 ‘고당옥’(Lee et al. 2014), 2015년 ‘백금옥’이 개발되었다. 특히 2000년대 육성된 단옥수수 품종은 고당도 유전자인 sugary enhancer (se)를 도입한 품종들이 주로 개발되고 있다. Park et al. (2012) 등은 옥수수 종자 배유의 전분 합성을 조절 억제하는 유전자는 brittle (bt), brittle-2 (bt2), shrunken (sh), shrunken-2 (sh2), shrunken-4 (sh4), sugary-1 (su1), sugary-2 (su2), sugary enhancer (se)로서 8가지가 있다고 보고하였다. 국내 수입되는 단옥수수 품종은 sugary (su)인자를 포함하고 있어 당도가 낮지만(Hallauer 2001), 이에 반하여 최근에 우리나라에서 육성되는 단옥수수 품종은 sugary enhancer (se) 유전자를 포함하고 있어 다른 전분 합성 조절유전자를 가지고 있는 단옥수수 보다 당도가 2배 이상 높으며 향과 식감이 매우 좋다(Lertrat & Pulam 2007).
우리나라에서는 80~90년대 남부지방에서 고소득 작물로 단옥수수가 많은 면적에서 재배되었지만, 대부분의 단옥수수 종자가 외국에서 수입되어 종자 수급의 불안정적하여 재배지역이 급속도로 감소하였다(Lee et al. 2013). 단옥수수 연구는 80년대에 주로 수입 품종인 ‘Golden Cross Bantam 70’ 등을 이용하여 재배 연구가 진행되었으며(Kim et al. 1998, Jong & Heo 1992), 고품질 단옥수수 생산을 위한 연구로 종실의 등숙 중 이화학적 특성 변화 연구가 보고되었다(Lee et al. 1987, Kim et al. 2014). 또한 찰옥수수에 비하여 단옥수수는 재배생육기간이 짧아서 우리나라 전남, 경남 지역 등에서는 양파, 마늘 등의 채소들과 2기작 작부체계로 농가 소득 증진을 시킬 수 있다(Jung et al. 2012, Park et al. 1991, Shin et al. 2014, Lee et al. 2014).
이번에 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원에서는 개발된 단옥수수 ‘고당옥1호’는 시대 변화에 맞추어 숙기가 빠르고 식미가 우수한 품종으로 그 육성경위와 주요특성 그리고 품질특성 및 수량성 등을 보고하고자 한다.
‘고당옥1호’의 지역적응검정시험은 수원, 홍천, 청원, 대구, 진주 5개 지역에서 2014년부터 2016년까지 3년간 실시하였다. 옥수수 지역적응검정시험 시비량은 농촌진흥청 표준시비법을 적용하여 N-P2O5-K20 =15-3-6 kg/10a으로 시비하였으며, 질소비료는 기비로 50%, 나머지는 7~8엽기에 추비 질소 50%을 나누어 시비하였다. 옥수수 지역적응검정시험은 재식밀도는 60×25 cm (6,600본/10a)로 하였으며, 난괴법 4반복으로 시험설계하였다. ‘고당옥1호’ 파종은 매년 4월 중⋅하순에 옥수수 지역검정시험지역 5개소에서 2립씩 파종하였고, 3~4엽기에 1주에 1개체만 남기고 솎아 주었다. 옥수수의 내병성과 내충성은 자연발생조건에서 검정하였고 깨씨무늬병(Bipolaris maydis)과 그을음무늬병(Exserohilum turcicum)은 출사후 2~3주에 20주이상을 대상으로 관찰⋅조사하였고, 조명나방(Ostrina furnacalis)은 7월 중순에 100주이상을 관찰⋅조사하였다. 출사기 등 생육특성과 도복 등 기타 농업적 특성, °Brix 당도 등 품질 검정, 10a 당 이삭중 등 수량성을 농촌진흥청 농업과학기술연구조사분석기준에 따라 조사하였다(RDA 2012). 채종시험은 2016년 영월에서 실시하였다. 시험 결과에 대한 통계처리는 SAS 9.2 (Statistical analysis systems Inc., Raleigh, NC, USA)를 이용하여 Student’s t-test로 실시하였다.
육성경위
단옥수수 ‘고당옥1호’(수원단74호)는 2002년에 육성된 자식계통 KSE13을 종자친(모본)으로 사용하였고, 2005년에 육성된 자식계통 KSE37을 화분친(부본)으로 하여 2005년에 교잡한 sugary enhancer (se) 유전인자를 가진 단옥수수 단교잡계 품종이다. 단교잡계 단옥수수 품종 ‘고당옥1호’는 2008년에 생산력검정시험을 실시하였고, 2014~2016년까지 3년간 지역적응시험을 실시한 결과 여러 가지 농업적 형질이 우수성을 인정받아, 2016년 농촌진흥청 농작물 직무육성 신품종 선정 심의회에서 신품종으로 선정되어 품종명을 ‘고당옥1호’로 명명되었다(Fig. 1).
고유 특성 및 농업적 특성
단옥수수 ‘고당옥1호’는 수염색에서는 안토시닌 색이 발현되지 않으며, 그 외 부분인 웅수와 약에서도 또한 안토시안닌 색소가 발현되지 않는다. 입색은 황백색을 나타내며 이삭모양은 중간형을 가지며 입질은 감미종이다(Fig. 2). ‘고당옥1호’의 출사일수는 59일로 ‘단옥3호’와 비슷하고, 간장은 158 cm로 ‘단옥3호’(156 cm)와 거의 비슷하다. 착수고율은 ‘단옥3호’(29%)에 비하여 ‘고당옥1호’은 39%로 작다. 이삭길이는 ‘고당옥1호’(18.7 cm)가 ‘단옥3호’(18.1 cm)보다 약간 길며 가늘었으며, 착립장률은 ‘고당옥1호’가 96%로 ‘단옥3호’에 비하여 높았다(Table 1).
병충해 및 내재해성
‘고당옥1호’의 병해 및 내재해 저항성은 2014~2016년 수원과 홍천에서 검정하였다. 깨씨무늬병(Bipolaris maydis) 과 그을음무늬병(Exserohilum turcicum) 병해 검정과 조명나방(Ostrina furnacalis) 충해 검정에서 ‘고당옥1호’과 ‘단옥3호’가 유사하였으며 도복에서는 ‘고당옥1호’가 ‘단옥3호’에 비하여 강하였다(Table 2).
품질특성
‘고당옥1호’는 sugary enhancer (se) 유전자를 보유한 단교잡계 단옥수수 품종으로 Table 3에서 보는 바와 같은 품질특성을 나타내고 있다. 단옥수수의 가장 중요한 품질특성인 당도에서 ‘고당옥1호’ 20.8 °Brix로 ‘단옥3호’(16.1 °Brix)에 비하여 매우 높은 당도를 나타내었다. ‘고당옥1호’의 백립중은 ‘단옥3호’보다 작은 경향을 나타내었다. 전체기호도 평가에서 ‘고당옥1호’(5.7)가 ‘단옥3호’(4.4)에 비하여 매우 우수하였다.
수량성 및 채종시험
‘고당옥1호’는 2014부터 2016년까지 3년간 수원, 청원, 홍천, 대구, 진주 5개에서 지역적응시험 결과 10a 당 평균이삭수는 6,530개, 평균이삭중은 1,139 kg을 나타내어 ‘단옥3호’와 평균이삭수(6,187개)와 평균이삭중(1,187 kg)에서는 통계적으로 차이를 보이지 않았다(Tables 4, 5). 2016년도 ‘고당옥1호’ 종자 채종 실험을 영월에서 2:1, 3:1, 4:1로 시험 결과 2:1에서 178 kg/10a가 생산되어 가장 많은 채종량을 나타내었다(Table 6).
적응지역 및 재배상의 유의점
‘고당옥1호’는 1대 단교잡계 단옥수수 품종으로 매년 종자 갱신을 통해 종자가 이용되어야 하며, 재배지역으로 우리나라 모든 지역에서 가능하다. 특히 충해와 관련하여 조명나방에 대해서 감수성을 나타내어 적기 방제가 필요하며, 찰옥수수와 일반옥수수 등을 포함하는 옥수수와 200 m 이상 격리재배을 통해 1대 단교잡계 단옥수수가 가지고 있는 고유 특성을 유지할 수 있다. 너무 과도한 밀식재배는 이삭이 작아지고 이삭 끝달림이 불량하므로, 권장 재식밀도는 60×25 cm 또는 그 이상으로 넓게 심기를 권장하며, 강한 바람을 동반하는 우기에는 밭 배수 관리에 유의하여야 한다.
‘고당옥1호’는 자식계통 KSE13을 종자친(모본)으로 하고 KSE37을 화분친(부본)으로 하는 단교잡종 단옥수수이다. ‘고당옥1호’는 2006년과 2008년 생산력검정시험을 거쳐 2014년~2016년 3년간 전국 5개 지역에서 지역적응시험을 수행하였으며 그 우수성이 인정되어 2016년 농촌진흥청 직무육성 신품종으로 선정되었다. ‘고당옥1호’는 sugary enhancer (se) 유전자를 보유한 단옥수수로 이삭의 색은 황백색을 나타내고 이삭 형태는 중간형을 나타낸다. ‘고당옥1호’는 출사일수는 59일로 표준품종인 ‘단옥3호’와 차이가 없었고 이삭의 길이는 18.7 cm로 ‘단옥3호’보다 길었으며 착립장률은 96%로 ‘단옥3호’보다 우수하였다. ‘고당옥1호’의 깨씨무늬병, 그을음무늬병, 조명나방 등 병해충 저항성은 ‘단옥3호’와 유사하였으며 도복은 ‘단옥3호’보다 강하였다. ‘고당옥1호’의 10a당 이삭수와 이삭중은 각각 6,530개/10a, 1,139 kg/10a로 ‘단옥3호’와 유사하였다. 당도는 20.8 °Bx로 ‘단옥3호’보다 높았고 백립중은 27.4 g으로 ‘단옥3호’보다 작은 경향을 나타내었으며 관능평가 결과 전체기호도가 5.7로 식미가 우수하였다. ‘고당옥1호’는 se 유전자를 보유하고 있어 일반옥수수, 초당옥수수(sh, sh2, bt 등), 일반단옥수수(su), 찰옥수수(wx) 등 다른 종류의 옥수수와 함께 재배 시 고유의 특성이 사라지므로 반드시 시간적 혹은 공간적으로 격리 재배하여야 하며 품질이 우수한 단옥수수 생산을 위하여 적기 수확이 반드시 필요하다.
본 논문은 농촌진흥청 연구사업(세부과제명: 식용옥수수 우량 계통시험, 세부시험과제번호: PJ01249702)의 지원에 의해서 이루어진 것입니다.
Fig. 1
Breeding procedure of ‘Godangok1’.
KJBS-52-145-f1.gif
Fig. 2
Plant type and ear appearance of ‘Godangok1’ (left: plants, right: ears).
KJBS-52-145-f2.gif
Table 1
Agronomic characteristics of ‘Godangok1’ ('14~'16, RYT)
Table 1
Hybrid Days to silking (days) Culm length (cm) Ear height ratio (%) Ear characteristics
Length (cm) Width (cm) Kernel set ratio (%)
Godangok1 59 158 29 18.7 4.1 96
Danok3 59 156 37 18.1 4.5 90
Table 2
Resistance to disease and lodging tolerance of ‘Godangok1’ ('14~'16, RYT)
Table 2
Hybrid Disease resistance (0~9)z Corn borer (0~9)y Lodgingzy tolerance (1~9)x
Bipolaris maydis Exserohilum turcicum
Godangok1 4 1 7 2
Danok3 4 1 7 3

zResistance to disease (0: resistant, 9: susceptible), yCorn bore (0: resistant, 9: susceptible), xLodgingzy tolerance (0: strong, 9: weaki)

Table 3
Kernel quality and sensory evaluation of ‘Godangok1’ ('14~'16, RYT)
Table 3
Hybrid °Brix 100 kernel weight (g) Grain Hardness (g/3.14 mm2) Sensory evluationz (1~9)z
Lenght (mm) With (mm)
Godangok1 20.8a 27.4a 8.4a 7.9a 221a 5.7a
Danok3 16.1b 31.2a 9.0a 8.8a 226a 4.4b

zSensory evaluation (1: poor, 9: excellent)

Means in the same column followed by teh same letter are not significantly different by Least significant difference at p<0.05

Table 4
The yield of ‘Godangok1’ in number of fresh ears in regional yield trials for three years. ('14~'16, RYT)
Table 4
Location Godangok1 (ears/10a) Danok 3 (ears/10a)
14 15 16 Mean 14 15 16 Mean
Suwon 6,597 6,319 6,667 6,528 6,319 5,347 6,181 5,949
Hongcheon 6,023 6,270 5,775 6,023 6,600 5,363 5,198 5,720
Cheongju 6,615 7,761 6,667 7,014 6,458 6,354 6,510 6,441
Daegu 6,615 6,823 6,563 6,667 6,615 6,354 6,146 6,372
Jinju 6,617 6,600 6,033 6,417 6,500 6,369 6,484 6,451
Mean 6,493 6,755 6,341 6,530 6,498 5,957 6,104 6,187
tsz = 3.32ns

zStudent’s t-test at the two probability level (**p<0.01, *p<0.05, nsp≥0.05)

Table 5
The yield of ‘Godangok1’ in fresh ear weight in regional yield trials for three years. ('14~'16, RYT)
Table 5
Location Godangok1 (kg/10a) Danok 3 (kg/10a)
14 15 16 Mean 14 15 16 Mean
Suwon 865 701 1,051 872 957 521 907 795
Hongcheon 892 1,113 966 990 906 1,333 1,057 1,099
Cheongju 1,393 1,514 1,212 1,373 1,352 1,417 1,070 1,280
Daegu 1,392 1,176 1,096 1,221 1,387 1,354 1,290 1,344
Jinju 1,216 1,258 1,244 1,239 1,428 1,422 1,401 1,417
Mean 1,152 1,152 1,114 1,139 1,206 1,209 1,145 1,187
tsz = 0.99ns

zStudent’s t-test at the two probability level (**p<0.01, *p<0.05, nsp≥0.05)

Table 6
Seed production trial of ‘Godangok1’ in Yeongwol (2016).
Table 6
Planting Pattern (♀：♂) Inbred Silking date Pollen dispersal Plant height (cm) Ear height (cm) F1 seed production (kg/10a)
2:1 KSE13 (♀) June 28 - 123 44 178
KSE37 (♂) - June 26 to July 3 125 26
3:1 KSE13 (♀) June 28 - 118 46 87
KSE37 (♂) - June 26 to July 3 107 27
4:1 KSE13 (♀) June 28 - 105 36 51
KSE37 (♂) - June 26 to July 3 102 21
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‘Godangok 1’, a Good Quality Sweet Single-Cross Corn Hybrid with High Sugar Content
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2020;52(2):145-150.   Published online June 1, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2020.52.2.145
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‘Godangok 1’, a Good Quality Sweet Single-Cross Corn Hybrid with High Sugar Content
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2020;52(2):145-150.   Published online June 1, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2020.52.2.145
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‘Godangok 1’, a Good Quality Sweet Single-Cross Corn Hybrid with High Sugar Content
Image Image
Fig. 1 Breeding procedure of ‘Godangok1’.
Fig. 2 Plant type and ear appearance of ‘Godangok1’ (left: plants, right: ears).

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

‘Godangok 1’, a Good Quality Sweet Single-Cross Corn Hybrid with High Sugar Content

Agronomic characteristics of ‘Godangok1’ ('14~'16, RYT)

Hybrid Days to silking (days) Culm length (cm) Ear height ratio (%) Ear characteristics
Length (cm) Width (cm) Kernel set ratio (%)
Godangok1 59 158 29 18.7 4.1 96
Danok3 59 156 37 18.1 4.5 90

Resistance to disease and lodging tolerance of ‘Godangok1’ ('14~'16, RYT)

Hybrid Disease resistance (0~9)z Corn borer (0~9)y Lodgingzy tolerance (1~9)x
Bipolaris maydis Exserohilum turcicum
Godangok1 4 1 7 2
Danok3 4 1 7 3

Kernel quality and sensory evaluation of ‘Godangok1’ ('14~'16, RYT)

Hybrid °Brix 100 kernel weight (g) Grain Hardness (g/3.14 mm2) Sensory evluationz (1~9)z
Lenght (mm) With (mm)
Godangok1 20.8a 27.4a 8.4a 7.9a 221a 5.7a
Danok3 16.1b 31.2a 9.0a 8.8a 226a 4.4b

The yield of ‘Godangok1’ in number of fresh ears in regional yield trials for three years. ('14~'16, RYT)

Location Godangok1 (ears/10a) Danok 3 (ears/10a)
14 15 16 Mean 14 15 16 Mean
Suwon 6,597 6,319 6,667 6,528 6,319 5,347 6,181 5,949
Hongcheon 6,023 6,270 5,775 6,023 6,600 5,363 5,198 5,720
Cheongju 6,615 7,761 6,667 7,014 6,458 6,354 6,510 6,441
Daegu 6,615 6,823 6,563 6,667 6,615 6,354 6,146 6,372
Jinju 6,617 6,600 6,033 6,417 6,500 6,369 6,484 6,451
Mean 6,493 6,755 6,341 6,530 6,498 5,957 6,104 6,187
tsz = 3.32ns

The yield of ‘Godangok1’ in fresh ear weight in regional yield trials for three years. ('14~'16, RYT)

Location Godangok1 (kg/10a) Danok 3 (kg/10a)
14 15 16 Mean 14 15 16 Mean
Suwon 865 701 1,051 872 957 521 907 795
Hongcheon 892 1,113 966 990 906 1,333 1,057 1,099
Cheongju 1,393 1,514 1,212 1,373 1,352 1,417 1,070 1,280
Daegu 1,392 1,176 1,096 1,221 1,387 1,354 1,290 1,344
Jinju 1,216 1,258 1,244 1,239 1,428 1,422 1,401 1,417
Mean 1,152 1,152 1,114 1,139 1,206 1,209 1,145 1,187
tsz = 0.99ns

Seed production trial of ‘Godangok1’ in Yeongwol (2016).

Planting Pattern (♀：♂) Inbred Silking date Pollen dispersal Plant height (cm) Ear height (cm) F1 seed production (kg/10a)
2:1 KSE13 (♀) June 28 - 123 44 178
KSE37 (♂) - June 26 to July 3 125 26
3:1 KSE13 (♀) June 28 - 118 46 87
KSE37 (♂) - June 26 to July 3 107 27
4:1 KSE13 (♀) June 28 - 105 36 51
KSE37 (♂) - June 26 to July 3 102 21
Table 1 Agronomic characteristics of ‘Godangok1’ ('14~'16, RYT)
Table 2 Resistance to disease and lodging tolerance of ‘Godangok1’ ('14~'16, RYT)

Resistance to disease (0: resistant, 9: susceptible), yCorn bore (0: resistant, 9: susceptible), xLodgingzy tolerance (0: strong, 9: weaki)

Table 3 Kernel quality and sensory evaluation of ‘Godangok1’ ('14~'16, RYT)

Sensory evaluation (1: poor, 9: excellent)

Means in the same column followed by teh same letter are not significantly different by Least significant difference at p<0.05

Table 4 The yield of ‘Godangok1’ in number of fresh ears in regional yield trials for three years. ('14~'16, RYT)

Student’s t-test at the two probability level (**p<0.01, *p<0.05, nsp≥0.05)

Table 5 The yield of ‘Godangok1’ in fresh ear weight in regional yield trials for three years. ('14~'16, RYT)

Student’s t-test at the two probability level (**p<0.01, *p<0.05, nsp≥0.05)

Table 6 Seed production trial of ‘Godangok1’ in Yeongwol (2016).

Table 1

Table 2

Table 3

Table 4

Table 5

Table 6

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