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끝순 채소용 고구마 우수 품종 선발

유경단1,*, 이형운1, 남상식2, 정미남1, 고산1, 황엄지1, 이승용3, 박진천1, 한선경2, 이임빈1

Selection of Excellent Sweetpotato Varieties Suitable for Tip Vegetable Use

Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2020;52(4):342-353.
Published online: December 1, 2020

1농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물연구소

2농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원

3농촌진흥청 국립농업과학원 작물보호과

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*Corresponding Author (E-mail: gyeongdan@korea.kr, Tel: +82-61-450-0138, Fax: +82-61-453-0085)
• Received: September 18, 2020   • Revised: September 18, 2020   • Accepted: October 9, 2020

Copyright © 2020 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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  • In order to select sweetpotato varieties with excellent tip characteristics, we investigated the appearance, yield, and functional compounds in 32 domestic sweetpotato varieties. During the cultivation period, the total production of sweetpotato tips among the different variety ranged from 1,780 to 9,923 g/m2, with that of the Gogeonmi variety being the highest. The lutein content among varieties ranged from 21.7 to 47.0 mg/100 g and was highest in the Juhwangmi variety, whereas the ß-carotene content ranged from 25.5 to 183.4 mg/100 g and was highest in the Hayanmi variety. The total polyphenol content ranged from 30.7 to 74.4 mg CAE/g, and it was high in the Pungwonmi, Daeyumi, and Dahomi varieties at 74.4, 73.8, and 72.9 mg CAE/g, respectively, whereas the DPPH radical scavenging activity of tips ranged from 88.6% to 91.6%, with Gogeonmi and Healthymi showing the highest value of 91.6%. ABTS radical scavenging activity was found to be lowest in the Yeonjami variety at 86%, whereas the remaining 31 varieties showed values in excess of 96%. ABTS radical scavenging activity showed a high positive correlation with total polyphenol content. On the basis of these analyses, we identified Juhwangmi with high lutein content, Hayanmi with high beta-carotene content and high yield, and Gogeonmi with high DPPH radical scavenging activity and high yield, as being suitable varieties for tip cultivation. We anticipate that these sweetpotato varieties with excellent tip characteristics will be used as parents for the breeding of varieties for vegetable use.
고구마(Ipomoea batatas L.)는 메꽃과에 속하는 작물로 열대와 온대지역에서 광범위하게 재배되고 있으며 전 세계적으로 밀, 쌀 등과 함께 주요한 식량작물 중 하나로 여겨지고 있다(Woolfe 1992, Ishida et al. 2000, Kwak et al. 2013, Li et al. 2014). 고구마는 특히 환경적응성이 강해 다른 작물에 비해 재배가 쉽고 생산성이 우수하고, 고구마 덩이뿌리에는 비타민, 카로티노이드, 안토시아닌, 폴리페놀 및 각종 무기물 함량이 높으며 기능성 식품으로 수요가 높아 생산량이 증가하는 추세이다(Ravindran et al. 1995, Bovell-Benjamin 2007, Islam et al. 2009, Park et al. 2014). 고구마 지상부의 잎과 줄기에는 수용성 식이섬유가 풍부하고 루테인, 베타카로틴, 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드 등 기능성 물질들을 다량 함유하고 있어 항산화, 항알레르기, 항염증, 항균, 항고혈압, 간 보호 및 대장암 예방에 효과가 있는 것으로 보고되었다(Ishiguro et al. 2007, Lee et al. 2007, Ahn et al. 2009, Johnson & Pace 2010, Taira et al. 2013, Kwak et al. 2013, Jeong et al. 2015). 이와 같은 이유에서 고구마 잎과 줄기는 건강식품, 빵, 국수, 과자 등에 첨가하는 식품소재로서도 많은 관심을 받고 있다(Islam 2006, Li et al. 2012, Ko 2015).
고구마 잎과 줄기는 아프리카나 아시아 일부에서만 채소로 이용되고 있고, 국내에서는 주로 잎자루 부위를 식용으로 이용하고 있으며 다른 부위는 이용이 미미한 실정이다. 고구마 끝순은 고구마 줄기의 생장점으로부터 길이가 약 10-15 cm인 부위이며 잎, 잎자루와 같이 단백질, 섬유소, 칼륨, 비타민 등이 다량 함유되어 있고, 특히 비타민A가 풍부한 것으로 알려져 있다(RDA 2016). 또한 고구마 끝순은 페놀산 함량이 고구마 덩이뿌리보다 높고, 전자공여능에 의한 항산화 활성, ACE (angiotensin converting enzyme) 저해 활성이 고구마 괴근, 들깻잎, 시금치보다 높다고 보고되었다(Lee et al. 2007). 고구마 끝순은 씨고구마 파종 후 약 50일 정도면 첫 수확이 가능하고 곁눈으로부터 자라난 새싹의 생장력이 빨라 15-20일 간격으로 여러 번에 걸쳐서 수확이 가능하며, 부드럽고 수량성이 높아 채소로서 이용 가치가 높다(Lee et al. 2005).
일본 큐슈 오키나와 농업연구센터에서는 고구마 지상부를 가축 사료로 이용하기 위해 1981년에 Tsurusengan 품종을 육성하였고 1996년에는 잎자루가 크고 길며 식미가 좋은 잎자루 채소용 품종 Elegant Summer를 육성하였다. 2001년에는 Tsurusengan 품종의 돌연변이인 Suioh 품종을 육성하였으며, Suioh는 잎과 잎자루 식미가 좋고 폴리페놀을 다량 함유하고 있어 기능성이 우수하여 건강 식품 첨가물 등 다양하게 이용이 되고 있다. 또한 2012년에는 끝순의 색이 자색인 채소용 품종을 육성하기 위해 채소용 Suioh 품종과 끝순이 자색인 관상용 Kyuikukan No. 1를 교배하여 우량계통을 선발하는 연구를 진행하였다(Ishiguro et al. 2004, Kai 2012).
국내에서는 2002년에 잎자루 채소용으로 하얀미(Ahn et al. 2005) 품종이 육성되었으나 끝순 채소용 품종 육성에 활용할 고구마 품종별 끝순 특성 정보는 부족한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 국내에서 육성된 32개 고구마 품종들을 대상으로 끝순의 외관 특성, 수량성, 기능성 성분을 조사하여 끝순 채소용 고구마 품종 개발을 위한 교배 자원 및 대비 품종 선정의 기초 자료로 활용하고자 하였다.
재배방법 및 특성조사
고구마 끝순 재배는 2018년에 전남 무안에 위치한 국립식량과학원 바이오에너지작물연구소 내 이중터널 비닐하우스에서 수행되었다. 시비량은 농촌진흥청 표준재배법에 따라 10a당 N-P2O5-K2O=13-20-8.3 kg, 퇴비 1,500 kg을 기비로 시용하였다(RDA 2009). 시험 품종으로 국립식량과학원에서 육성한 32개 고구마 품종을 이용하였다. 씨고구마 파종은 2018년 3월 10일에 하였고, 파종 밀도는 반복당 1.2 m×0.25 m 면적에 200 g 내외의 씨고구마를 10개씩 파종하였으며, 총 3반복으로 실시하였다. 파종한 씨고구마로부터 싹을 틔우기 위하여 지중 난방 시설을 이용하여 토양 온도를 30℃ 정도로 유지하였고, 보온을 위해 투명 비닐을 터널 형태로 덮어 주었다. 관수는 3일 간격으로 실시하였다. 고구마 품종별 씨고구마의 맹아 특성을 조사하기 위하여 맹아시(Sprout appearance)는 파종한 씨고구마에서 싹이 처음 발생한 날까지 소요된 기간, 맹아기(Date of sprouting)는 파종한 씨고구마의 50%에서 싹이 발생한 날까지 소요된 기간을 조사하였다. 끝순의 외관 특성은 농업과학기술 연구조사분석기준에 따라 엽형, 끝잎색, 잎색, 잎자루색, 엽맥의 안토시아닌 분포를 조사하였다(RDA 2012). 엽형의 경우 열편이 없는 품종은 심장형, 삼각형, 신장형, 원형으로 구분하였고, 열편이 있는 품종은 결각의 개수를 3열편, 5열편, 7열편으로 구분하여 조사하였다. 끝잎색, 잎색, 잎자루색 등은 안토시아닌 발현이 없는 것은 녹색, 안토시아닌 발현이 있는 것은 자색으로 표기하였다. 엽맥의 안토시아닌 분포는 없거나 매우 작다(1), 작다(3), 중간(5), 크다(7), 매우 크다(9) 단계로 구분하여 조사하였다. 고구마 끝순의 수확은 길이가 20 cm 가량 되었을 때 줄기를 지제부로부터 1 cm 정도 남겨두고 절단하여 수확하였다. 수확 횟수는 품종별로 끝순을 정상적으로 채취할 수 있는 시기까지 하여 최대 9차까지 실시하였으며 수량 조사는 1.2 m×0.25 m 면적에서 수확된 끝순의 무게와 개수를 조사하였다.
품질분석
수확한 시료는 동결건조기(FDTA-5050, Operon)로 건조한 후 분쇄하여 분말 상태로 냉동보관하여 분석에 사용하였다. Lutein과 β-carotene 분석은 Li et al. (2014)의 방법에 따라 동결건조 분말 0.25 g에 6% pyrogallol이 함유된 ethanol을 첨가 후 10분간 초음파 처리하고, 60% KOH 8 mL을 첨가하여 70℃ water bath에서 50분간 검화하였다. 검화 후 2% NaCl 30 mL을 첨가하고 0.1% BHT를 함유한 ether 20 mL을 가하여 3회 반복 추출 후 50 mL로 정용하였다. 추출물 5 mL를 농축한 후 1 mL의 acetonitrile/ethyl acetate(1:1)에 재용해하여 0.2 μm PVDF membrane filter로 여과 후 HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography, Waters)로 분석하였다. YMC-Pack Pro C18 column (4.6×250 mm, 5μm, YMC Co., Ltd., Tokyo, 일본), PDA 검출기(450 nm)를 사용하였고, acetonitrile과 ethyl acetate를 이동상으로 사용하였으며, 유속 1.0 mL/min, 주입량은 10 μL로 하였다. 총 폴리페놀 분석은 Lee et al. (2010)의 방법을 변형하여 사용하였다. 동결 건조된 시료 0.25 g의 methanol 추출물 100 μL에 증류수 900 μL, 2N Folin-Ciocalteu reagent (Sigma, F9252) 500 μL를 첨가하고 20% Na2CO3 용액 2.5 mL을 가한 후 3,000 rpm에서 10분간 원심 분리하여 실온에서 반응시켰다. 반응액은 UV/Vis spectrophotometer를 사용하여 735 nm에서 흡광도 값을 측정하였다. 표준물질로 chlorogenic acid (CAE, HWI, 독일)를 사용하였으며, 시료 g 중의 mg chlorogenic acid로 나타내었다. 총 플라보노이드 함량은 Jeong et al. (2015)의 방법에 따라 시료 추출물 0.5 mL에 diethylene glycol (Daejung Chemicals & Metals Co., Ltd., Siheung, 한국) 5 mL, 1N NaOH 0.5 mL을 혼합하여 30℃ 항온수조에서 1시간 반응시켰다. 반응액은 UV/Vis spectrophotometer를 사용하여 420 nm에서 흡광도를 측정하였다. Quercetin (QE, Sigma-Aldrich, 미국)을 표준물질로 사용하여 검량선을 구한 후 시료 g 중의 mg quercetin으로 나타내었다. DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl, Sigma-Aldrich, 미국) 라디칼 소거 활성은 Blois (1958)의 방법으로 측정하였다. 고구마 동결건조 시료 0.25 g을 methanol로 추출한 추출물 1 mL에 200 μM DPPH 용액 2.5 mL를 첨가하여 혼합한 후 실온에서 1분간 반응시켜 517 nm에서 흡광도를 측정하였다. DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성은 시료의 첨가군과 무첨가군 사이의 흡광도 차이를 백분율로 나타내었다.
DPPH radical scavenging activity (%)=(1-시료 첨가군 흡광도/시료 무첨가군 흡광도)×100
ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성은 ABTS cation decolorization assay 방법을 사용하였으며 Thaipong et al. (2006)의 방법을 변형하여 측정하였다. 7.4 mM ABTS 용액에 2.6 mM potassium persulfate를 동일한 양으로 혼합하여 암 상태로 약 24시간 반응시켜 ABTS free radical을 생성 시킨 후 methanol로 희석하여 735 nm에서 흡광도 값이 1.5±0.1이 되도록 조절하였다. 동결건조 시료를 메탄올로 추출한 추출물 50 μL를 ABTS 라디칼이 생성된 ABTS 용액 1 mL와 혼합하여 실온에서 30분 반응시킨 후 735 nm에서 흡광도를 측정하였다. 결과는 아래의 식에 의해 백분율로 나타내었다.
ABTS radical scavenging activity (%)=(1-시료 첨가군 흡광도/시료 무첨가군 흡광도)×100
통계분석
모든 실험 결과는 3회 반복 측정하여 평균값으로 나타내었다. 통계분석은 R 프로그램(version 3.3.1.)을 이용하여 분산분석(analysis of variance)과 상관분석(correlation analysis)을 하였으며, 5% 유의수준에서 Duncan의 다중범위 검정(Duncan’s multiple range test)으로 처리간 유의성을 검정하였다.
맹아 특성
고구마 품종별 맹아시와 맹아기를 조사한 결과 맹아시는 평균 12.2일 소요되었고, 빠른 품종은 9.0일, 가장 늦은 품종은 14.7일이었으며 맹아시가 빠른 품종과 늦는 품종간에 5.3일 차이가 났다. 맹아시는 진율미가 9.0일, 하얀미가 9.3일로 빨랐고, 주황미, 자미, 생미는 맹아시가 각각 14.3일, 14.3일, 14.7일로 늦었다. 맹아기는 평균 15.0일이 소요되었으며 진율미가 10.7일로 빨랐고, 생미가 19.0일로 맹아가 가장 늦었으며 맹아가 빠른 품종과 늦는 품종의 맹아기는 8.3일 차이가 났다. 맹아시와 맹아기는 높은 정상관(R=0.91)을 나타내었다(Table 1).
외관 특성
고구마 품종별 지상부의 외관 특성을 조사한 결과 줄기의 끝잎의 색은 주로 녹색이 많았고 보라미, 호감미, 진미, 진율미, 신자미, 자미 등 6품종은 자색을 나타냈으며 풍원미, 신황미 품종은 녹자색을 나타내었다. 잎 색깔은 모든 품종에서 녹색이었으나 자미 품종은 녹자색을 나타내었다. 잎자루 색이 자색인 품종은 하얀미, 녹자색은 보라미, 주황미, 생미, 신자미, 연미 등 5 품종이었으며 나머지 품종들은 녹색을 띠었다(Table 2). 일본의 잎자루용 품종인 Elegant summer는 잎자루 색이 녹색이었다(Komaki et al. 1997). 줄기색의 경우 자색은 하얀미, 녹자색은 보라미, 헬씨미, 진미, 주황미, 생미, 연미, 자미 등 7 품종이었으며, 나머지 품종은 녹색이었다. 고구마의 잎 모양은 열편이 없는 심장형이 24품종으로 대부분이었고, 대유미, 보라미, 자미, 연미 등 4품종은 삼각형이었다. 열편이 있는 품종으로는 건황미, 예스미, 다호미, 주황미 등 4품종이며 열편의 개수는 3열편이었다. 잎 뒷면 엽맥의 안토시아닌 분포는 건풍미, 하얀미, 생미 품종에서 높게 나타났고, 풍원미 등 7품종은 엽맥에 안토시아닌 분포가 없었다(Table 2). 일본의 주요 채소용 품종인 Suioh는 끝잎색이 연한 녹색이고, 성숙한 잎은 녹색이며 잎 모양은 심장형이다. 엽맥의 안토시아닌 발현은 거의 없고 마디에는 안토시아닌 발현이 없었다(Ishiguro et al. 2004). Suioh의 외관 특성은 국내 육성 32개 품종 중에서 단자미, 고건미, 홍미, 전미, 진홍미, 맛나미, 신건미, 연황미, 연자미, 율미 품종과 유사하였다(Table 2).
수량 특성
고구마 끝순의 재배기간 동안 수확 횟수는 품종에 따라 6회 내지 9회 실시하였다. 품종별 수확 횟수는 건미 5.0회, 보라미 5.3회, 단자미, 홍미, 진미, 진율미, 신황미, 연자미, 자미 6.0회, 맛나미, 생미 7.0회, 예스미 8.0회였으며 나머지 20개 품종들은 9.0회 수확이 가능하였다. 32개 고구마 품종에서 재배기간 동안 끝순의 단위면적당 총 생산량은 평균 5,014 g/m2이었다. 고건미 품종이 9,923 g/m2으로 가장 많았고, 하얀미 7,100 g/m2, 신건미, 연미, 신율미, 주황미, 율미, 증미, 호감미 품종은 6,000 g/m2 이상의 수량을 나타내었다. 끝순 생산량이 적은 신황미, 보라미, 자미는 1,780–2,447 g/m2으로 끝순 생산량이 가장 많은 고건미와 5.6배 차이가 났다. 단자미는 수확시기에 따른 끝순 수량의 감소 정도가 가장 컸으며, 진홍미는 수량 감소 정도가 가장 적었다(Table 3). Lee et al. (2007)은 노지에서 22개 고구마 품종의 끝순을 재배한 결과 하얀미 품종이 193 톤/ha으로 가장 많았고, 자미, 보라미가 102 톤/ha, 130 톤/ha으로 적었다고 하여, 수량이 많거나 적은 품종은 하얀미, 자미, 보라미로 본 연구 결과와 유사하였으나 씨고구마의 재식밀도와 파종 개수 등이 달라 수량에는 차이가 있었다. Ishiguro et al. (2004)의 연구에서 일본의 채소용 고구마 품종인 Suioh, Elegant Summer, Simon No. 1의 씨고구마를 묘상에 3월 말에 파종하여 채소용으로 재배한 결과 10월까지 지상부 수확이 6회 가능하였다. 또한 Elegant Summer, Simon No. 1 품종은 수확 횟수에 따라 수량이 현저히 감소했으나 Suioh는 수확 횟수가 증가해도 상대적으로 수량이 안정적이었으며 두 품종보다 수량이 많았다. 본 연구에서 32개 고구마 품종의 재배기간 동안 단위면적당 끝순의 총 개수는 평균 1,392 개/m2이었다. 고건미 품종이 2,479 개/m2로 가장 많았고, 2,000 개/m2 이상인 품종은 주황미, 대유미 품종이었다. 보라미, 건풍미, 건미, 진미, 신황미, 예스미 품종은 끝순 개수가 1,000 개/m2 이하였으며 수확된 끝순 개수가 상대적으로 적었다. 대부분의 품종에서 수확 시기별 끝순의 생산량과 개수는 수확 횟수가 증가할수록 감소하는 경향이었다(Tables 3, 4). 끝순 수량이 많은 고건미, 하얀미, 주황미 등 품종은 끝순용 품종 개발을 위한 교배자원으로 활용하기에 적합한 품종으로 고려되었다.
Lutein 및 β-carotene 함량
32개 고구마 품종에서 끝순의 루테인 함량은 21.7-47.0 mg/100g의 범위로 나타났다. 주황미가 47.0 mg/100g으로 루테인 함량이 가장 높았고 하얀미 42.8 mg/100g, 예스미 41.3 mg/100g, 맛나미 40.6 mg/100g, 단자미 40.5 mg/100g 순으로 많았다. 연미 등 14개 품종은 루테인 함량이 30.1-37.5 mg/100g이었고, 전미 등 13개 품종은 21.7-29.3 mg/100g의 범위를 나타내었으며 건풍미가 가장 함량이 낮았다(Table 5). Li et al. (2014)의 연구결과에 따르면 국내 육성 고구마 14품종의 잎에 함유된 루테인 함량은 평균 24.7 mg/100g이었다. 본 연구에서 위와 동일한 14품종의 끝순에 함유된 루테인 함량은 30.9 mg/100g이었으며 Li et al. (2014)이 보고한 잎에서의 루테인 함량보다 높았다. 일본의 채소용 품종인 Suioh는 루테인 함량이 생체중 기준 11.8 mg/100g 함유되어 있다(Kai 2012). Ishiguro & Yoshimoto (2005)는 오래된 잎보다 어린 잎에서 루테인 함량이 높다고 하였는데 고구마 끝순은 주로 어린 잎들로 이루어져 있기 때문에 잎보다 루테인 함량이 높았던 것으로 고려되었다. 루테인은 체내에서 합성이 안되기 때문에 외부로부터 섭취해야 하고(Menelaou et al. 2006) 하루 6 mg의 루테인 섭취는 황반 변성 위험을 43%까지 줄일 수 있으며(Seddon et al. 1994) 루테인을 식단에 일찍 도입하는 것은 노화와 관련된 황반변성의 심각 정도를 완화시키는 데 도움이 될 수 있다(Pratt 1999).
32개 품종에서 끝순의 베타카로틴 함량은 25.5-183.4 mg/100g이었고, 평균 66.8 mg/100g이었다. 하얀미 품종이 183.4 mg/100g으로 가장 높았으며 진율미 154.0 mg/100g, 풍원미 133.6 mg/100g, 대유미 104.4 mg/100g 순으로 높았다. 건풍미, 호감미, 진홍미 품종이 80 mg/100g 이상으로 나타났으며 다호미 등 15품종은 50-60 mg/100g 수준이었다. 보라미, 신황미, 자미, 생미 품종은 30 mg/100g 이하로 베타카로틴 함량이 낮았다. Li et al. (2014)의 결과에서는 14개 품종의 잎에 함유된 베타카로틴 함량이 평균 41.4 mg/100g이었으나 본 연구에서 동일한 품종의 끝순에 함유된 베타카로틴 함량은 63.4 mg/100g으로 잎보다 끝순에서 높은 경향을 보였으며 이는 루테인 함량에서의 결과와 유사하였다(Table 5). 32개 고구마 품종의 끝순에 함유되어 있는 베타카로틴은 루테인(R=0.44*)과 중위 정상관을 나타내었다(Table 6). Park et al. (2014)은 국내 육성 고구마 품종 신황미, 하얀미 품종과 일본의 채소용 고구마 품종인 Suioh를 밭에서 90일 재배한 후 경엽 1-10마디에서의 베타카로틴 함량을 비교한 결과 신황미 75.6 mg/100g, 하얀미 71.6 mg/100g, Suioh 품종이 63.1 mg/100g으로 국내 육성 고구마 품종이 일본 채소용 품종보다 베타카로틴 함량이 높았다. 본 연구에서는 하얀미가 신황미보다 베타카로틴 함량이 높아 Park et al. (2014)의 결과와 다른 경향을 나타내었는데 이러한 차이는 끝순의 재배 장소와 재배 기간, 채취 부위가 달랐기 때문인 것으로 고려된다. 주황미는 루테인, 하얀미는 루테인과 베타카로틴 함량이 모두 높아 이 두 품종은 루테인, 베타카로틴 고함유 품종 개발을 위한 교배자원으로 활용하기에 적합한 품종으로 고려되었다.
총 폴리페놀 및 플라보노이드 함량
32개 고구마 품종의 끝순에 함유된 총 폴리페놀 함량은 건조분말 1 g 당 30.7-74.4 mg CAE 범위였다. 전체 품종의 총 폴리페놀 함량의 평균은 57.2 mg CAE/g이었으며 품종간 총 폴리페놀 함량에 차이가 있었다. 이 중 풍원미, 대유미, 다호미, 고건미, 주황미 품종이 각각 74.4, 73.8, 72.9, 67.6, 66.5 mg CAE/g으로 총 폴리페놀 함량이 높았고, 보라미, 연자미 품종은 각각 34.1 mg CAE/g, 30.7 mg CAE/g으로 함량이 가장 낮았다(Table 5). 일본의 채소용 품종인 Suioh와 Elegant summer의 경우 총폴리페놀 함량이 1.5 mg/ml였으며 일반 품종인 Beniazuma, Purple sweet road, Quick sweet보다 함량이 낮았다(Nagai et al. 2010). Coumarine, 폴리페놀, 플라보노이드, 탄닌 등은 xanthine oxidase 억제제로 알려져 있는데 고구마 잎은 줄기보다 총 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량이 높아, xanthine에서 요산이 생성되는 과정을 촉진하여 superoxide를 생성하게 하는 xanthine oxidase의 활성을 억제하는 효과가 줄기보다 높다(Kwak et al. 2013). 고구마 잎의 폴리페놀 함량은 쑥갓과 비슷하고, 시금치, 브로콜리, 양배추, 상추보다 많았다(Ishiguro et al. 2004). 고구마 잎과 끝순에는 괴근과 잎자루에 비해 페놀화합물이 월등히 많고 끝순은 콩나물, 들깨잎, 시금치에 비해 페놀화합물이 16-122배 높아 기능성 채소로 이용하기에 충분한 가치가 있다(Lee et al. 2007).
플라보노이드는 식물체의 과실, 잎, 줄기 등에 포함되어 있는 물질로 인체 내에서 활성산소를 제거하여 노화를 방지하고 항암효과를 나타낸다고 보고되었다(Urquiaga & Leighton 2000). 32개 고구마 품종 끝순의 총 플라보노이드 함량은 평균 239.7 mg QE/g이었다. 총 플라보노이드 함량이 가장 높은 품종은 생미였으며, 신황미, 자미, 연황미가 각각 393.7, 391.8, 369.9 mg QE/g으로 높았다. 총 플라보노이드 함량이 가장 낮은 품종은 연자미였으며 총 플라보노이드 함량이 높은 품종과 낮은 품종 간에 4.3배 차이가 나타났다(Table 5). 본 연구에서 32개 고구마 품종의 끝순에 함유된 총 폴리페놀 함량은 총 플라보노이드 함량(R=0.47**)과 중위 정의 상관을 나타내어(Table 6) 데친 고구마 잎, 고구마 줄기, 껍질 벗긴 고구마 줄기에서 총 폴리페놀 함량은 플라보노이드 함량과 높은 양의 상관관계를 보였다고 한 Kwak et al. (2013)의 결과와 유사한 경향을 보였다.
항산화 활성
고구마 끝순의 DPPH 및 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성 측정을 통해 품종별 항산화 활성을 비교하였다(Fig. 2A). 끝순의 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성은 88.6-91.6%로 모든 품종에서 강한 활성을 나타내었다. 고건미, 헬씨미, 신자미, 하얀미, 맛나미, 건미, 바이오미 품종은 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성이 91% 이상이었다. 고건미와 헬씨미가 91.6%로 가장 높았으며 보라미는 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성이 88.6%로 품종 중 가장 약한 활성을 보였다. DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성은 베타카로틴(R=0.37**) 함량과 낮은 정상관이었다(Table 6). 고구마 잎의 열풍건조 온도에 따른 항산화력을 측정한 Jeong et al. (2015)의 결과에서 하얀미 잎의 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성이 약 85% 정도의 활성을 보이는 것으로 보고되었으나 본 연구에서는 하얀미 끝순의 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성이 91.2%로 Jeong et al. (2015)이 보고한 잎의 라디칼 소거 활성보다 약간 높은 경향이었다. Park et al. (2014)은 정상에 가까운 마디 부위일수록 강한 항산화력을 나타냈다고 하였는데, 이는 잎보다 끝순에서 높은 항산화력을 나타낸 것과 관련이 있는 것으로 고려되었다. 일본의 채소용 품종인 Suioh, Elegant summer 잎의 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성은 각각 1 mM 아스코르브산의 6.7배, 6.6배였으나 일반 품종인 Beniazuma, Purple sweet road, Quick sweet, Simon No. 1 등 품종보다 활성이 낮았다(Nagai et al. 2010). 본 연구에서는 끝순의 수량이 가장 많고 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성이 채소용 품종인 하얀미보다 높은 고건미 품종이 끝순용으로 이용하기 적합한 품종으로 고려되었다. Lee et al. (2007)은 고구마 끝순의 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성이 고구마 괴근과 들깨잎, 시금치, 콩나물보다 높았는데 이는 고구마 끝순에 페놀화합물 함량이 높은 것과 관련이 있다고 하였다. Park et al. (2014)의 연구에서는 신황미, 하얀미, Suioh 고구마 품종의 끝순에서 총 폴리페놀 함량과 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성은 재배기간이 60일, 90일, 120일로 길어질수록, 상위 마디일수록 높아지고 총 폴리페놀 함량이 많아질수록 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성이 높은 경향을 나타내었으며 세 품종의 끝순은 시금치보다 강한 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성과 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성을 나타내었다. 본 연구에서는 32개 품종의 끝순에서 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성이 총 폴리페놀 함량(R=0.24ns) 및 베타카로틴 햠량(R=0.37**)과 낮은 정의 상관을 보였다. 총 항산화력인 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성을 측정한 결과 32개 품종 중 31개 품종에서 96% 이상의 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성을 보였으며 이 31개 품종들 간에는 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성에 차이가 없었다. 연자미는 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성이 86.0%로 가장 낮았고, 폴리페놀 함량도 32개 품종 중에서 가장 낮았다(Fig. 2B, Table 5). ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성은 총 폴리페놀(R=0.63**) 함량과 높은 정상관을 나타내었다(Table 6).
끝순 특성이 우수한 고구마 품종을 선발하기 위하여 국내 육성 고구마 32개 품종을 대상으로 끝순 외관, 수량, 기능성 성분을 조사하였다. 끝순 재배기간 동안 고구마 끝순의 총 생산량은 품종별로 1,780-9,923 g/m2이었고 고건미가 가장 많았다. 루테인 함량은 품종별로 21.7-47.0 mg/100g이었으며 주황미에서 가장 높았다. 베타카로틴 함량은 품종별로 25.5-183.4 mg/100g 이었으며 하얀미 품종에서 가장 높았다. 총 폴리페놀 함량은 품종별로 30.7-74.4 mg CAE/g 이었으며 풍원미, 대유미, 다호미 품종에서 각각 74.4, 73.8, 72.9 mg CAE/g으로 높았다. 끝순의 DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성은 품종별로 88.6-91.6%였으며 고건미, 헬씨미가 91.6%로 가장 높았다. ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성은 연자미 품종이 86%로 가장 낮았고 나머지 31개 품종은 모두 96% 이상이었다. ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성은 총 폴리페놀 함량과 높은 정의 상관이었다. 루테인 함량이 높은 주황미, 베타카로틴 함량이 높고 끝순 수량이 많은 하얀미, DPPH 라디칼 소거 활성이 높고 끝순 수량이 많은 고건미 품종이 끝순 재배용 품종으로 적합하였다. 추후 이러한 끝순 특성이 우수한 고구마 품종들은 끝순용 품종 개발을 위한 교배자원으로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.
본 연구는 농촌진흥청 작물시험연구사업(과제번호: PJ01356801)의 지원에 의해 수행되었다.
Fig. 1
Sowing of sweetpotato storage roots at vinyl greenhouse nursery (A), sweetpotato tips just before harvest (B, C), sweetpotato tips harvested to the length of 20 cm (D).
KJBS-52-342-f1.jpg
Fig. 2
DPPH radical scavenging activity (A) and ABTS radical scavenging activity (B) of tips of thirty-two sweetpotato varieties.
KJBS-52-342-f2.jpg
Table 1
Characteristics of sprouting of storage roots of thirty-two sweetpotato varieties grown in vinyl greenhouse nursery.
Table 1
Varietiesy Sprout appearance
(DAP)z
Date of sprouting
(DAP)
Biomi 13.7±0.3abcy 16.0±0.0bcde
Borami 12.3±0.3bcdef 15.3±0.7cdefg
Daeyumi 13.0±0.6abcde 16.0±0.6bcde
Dahomi 10.7±0.3fghi 12.3±0.3kl
Danjami 11.3±0.3efg 12.7±0.3jhijkl
Geonhwangmi 11.0±0.0fgh 14.3±0.9fghi
Geonpungmi 11.7±0.9defg 16.0±0.6bcde
Gogeonmi 10.7±0.3fghi 13.3±0.3ijkl
Gunmi 13.0±0.0abcde 16.0±0.0bcde
Hayanmi 9.3±0.3hi 12.3±0.3kl
Healthymi 11.3±0.3efg 13.7±0.3hijk
Hogammi 13.0±0.6abcde 14.0±0.0ghij
Hongmi 13.7±0.3abc 16.3±0.7bcd
Jeonmi 13.3±1.2abcd 15.7±0.7bcdef
Jeungmi 12.0±0.0cdefg 14.7±0.3efghi
Jinhongmi 11.0±0.0fgh 12.7±0.3jkl
Jinmi 14.0±0.6ab 16.7±0.3bc
Jinyulmi 9.0±0.6i 10.7±0.7m
Juhwangmi 14.3±0.7a 16.7±0.7bc
Matnami 12.3±0.3bcdef 15.0±0.0defgh
Pungwonmi 13.7±1.3abc 17.0±0.0b
Saengmi 14.7±0.3a 19.0±0.0a
Shinyulmi 9.3±0.7hi 12.0±0.0lm
Singeonmi 10.3±0.3ghi 14.0±0.6ghij
Sinhwangmi 14.0±1.0ab 16.7±0.3bc
Sinjami 11.0±0.0fgh 14.0±0.7fghi
Yeonhwangmi 13.0±0.6abcde 15.0±0.0defgh
Yeonjami 10.7±0.7fghi 12.7±0.3jkl
Yeseumi 12.0±0.0cdefg 16.3±0.9bcd
Younmi 11.3±0.3efg 15.0±0.6defgh
Yulmi 12.0±0.0cdefg 14.3±0.7fghi
Zami 14.3±0.7a 18.7±0.3a

Mean 12.2 15.0
Range 9.0-14.3 10.7-19.0

Coefficient of correlation 0.9133

zDAP: Days after planting.

yMean±SE (n=3). Means with the same letter are not significantly different at p<0.05 according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.

Table 2
Vine characteristics of thirty-two sweetpotato varietiesz.
Table 2
Varietiesy Young leaf color Leaf color Petiole color Stem color Leaf Anthocyanin coloration on abaxial veins (1-9)y

Shape No. of lobes
Biomi G G G G Cordate - 3
Borami P G G + P G + P Triangular - 1
Daeyumi G G G G Triangular - 5
Dahomi G G G G - 3 5
Danjami G G G G Cordate - 3
Geonhwangmi G G G G - 3 3
Geonpungmi G G G G Cordate - 7
Gogeonmi G G G G Cordate - 3
Gunmi G G G G Cordate - 5
Hayanmi G G P P Cordate - 7
Healthymi G G G G + P Cordate - 5
Hogammi P G G G Cordate - 5
Hongmi G G G G Cordate - 3
Jeonmi G G G G Cordate - 3
Jeungmi G G G G Cordate - 5
Jinhongmi G G G G Cordate - 3
Jinmi P G G G + P Cordate - 3
Jinyulmi P G G G Cordate - 3
Juhwangmi G G G + P G + P - 3 3
Matnami G G G G Cordate - 3
Pungwonmi G + P G G G Cordate - 1
Saengmi G G G + P G + P Cordate - 7
Shinyulmi G G G G Cordate - 5
Singeonmi G G G G Cordate - 3
Sinhwangmi G + P G G G Cordate - 5
Sinjami P G G + P G Cordate - 1
Yeonhwangmi G G G G Cordate - 3
Yeonjami G G G G Cordate - 1
Yeonmi G G G + P G + P Triangular - 5
Yeseumi G G G G - 3 1
Yulmi G G G G Cordate - 3
Zami P G + P G G + P Triangular - 1

zG: Green, P: Purple.

y1: absent or very small, 3: small, 5: medium, 7: large, 9: very large.

Table 3
Production of tips of thirty-two sweetpotato varieties according to the number of harvests.
Table 3
Varietiesy No. of
harvests
Production of tips (g/m2)

Avg. Sum Trend line (R2)z
Biomi 9.0ay 448mno 4,033ijk y = -72.20x + 809.08 (0.76)
Borami 5.3e 306op 1,836n y = -87.34x + 611.65 (0.60)
Daeyumi 9.0a 662efghij 5,958bcdef y = -65.21x + 988.09 (0.50)
Dahomi 9.0a 595ghijkl 5,359defgh y = -122.24x + 1,206.60 (0.72)
Danjami 6.0d 666efghij 3,997ijk y = -415.80x + 2,121.50 (0.76)
Geonhwangmi 9.0a 533ijklmn 4,797fghi y = -113.11x + 1,098.60 (0.54)
Geonpungmi 9.0a 522jklmn 4,698ghij y = -68.74x + 865.73 (0.48)
Gogeonmi 9.0a 1,103a 9,923a y = -315.03x + 2,677.80 (0.76)
Gunmi 5.0f 500hijklm 2,998lm y = -209.40x + 1,232.50 (0.64)
Hayanmi 9.0a 789bcde 7,100b y = -155.03x + 1,564.00 (0.67)
Healthymi 9.0a 473lmn 4,253hijk y = -79.04x + 867.78 (0.53)
Hogammi 9.0a 679defghi 6,107bcde y = -153.37x + 1,445.40 (0.71)
Hongmi 6.0d 810bcd 4,861fghi y = -317.13x + 1,920.20 (0.55)
Jeonmi 9.0a 483lmn 4,343hijk y = -29.36x + 629.40 (0.10)
Jeungmi 9.0a 683defgh 6,146bcde y = -131.43x + 1,340.00 (0.61)
Jinhongmi 9.0a 652efghij 5,872cdef y = -22.50x + 764.96 (0.06)
Jinmi 6.0d 582hijklm 3,489klm y = -147.74x + 1,098.60 (0.46)
Jinyulmi 6.0d 605ghijkl 3,632jkl y = -293.15x + 1,631.30 (0.80)
Juhwangmi 9.0a 691defgh 6,216bcde y = -49.54x + 938.32 (0.14)
Matnami 7.0c 834bc 5,840cdefg y = -138.97x + 1,390.20 (0.46)
Pungwonmi 9.0a 570hijklm 5,128efghi y = -73.30x + 936.32 (0.35)
Saengmi 7.0c 503klmn 3,522klm y = -59.35x + 740.59 (0.15)
Shinyulmi 9.0a 702cdefgh 6,314bcd y = -191.62x + 1,659.70 (0.58)
Singeonmi 9.0a 754bcdef 6,783bc y = -184.09x + 1,674.10 (0.72)
Sinhwangmi 6.0d 297p 1,780n y = -114.45x + 697.28 (0.53)
Sinjami 9.0a 657efghij 5,915cdef y = -215.78x + 1,736.20 (0.72)
Yeonhwangmi 9.0a 629fghijk 5,661cdefg y = -75.42x + 1,006.10 (0.64)
Yeonjami 6.0d 866b 5,197defgh y = -398.79x + 2,262.00 (0.96)
Yeseumi 8.0b 423nop 3,383klm y = -88.66x + 821.78 (0.44)
Younmi 9.0a 738bcdefg 6,640bc y = -28.86x + 882.09 (0.09)
Yulmi 9.0a 689defgh 6,205bcde y = -117.08x + 1,274.80 (0.75)
Zami 6.0d 408nop 2,447mn y = -100.23x + 758.60 (0.37)

Avg. 7.9 620 5,014 -
Range 5.0-9.0 297-1,103 1,780-9,923 -

zproduction of tips, x: harvest time (1-9).

yMeans with the same letter are not significantly different at p<0.05 according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.

Table 4
Number of tips of thirty-two sweetpotato varieties according to the number of harvests.
Table 4
Varieties No. of
harvests
No. of tips per m2

Avg. Sum Trend line (R2)z
Biomi 9.0ay 157fghij 1,410efghi y = -13.22x + 222.78 (0.62)
Borami 5.3e 117jklm 701mn y = -25.18x + 204.96 (0.31)
Daeyumi 9.0a 228cd 2,052bc y = -9.82x + 277.10 (0.15)
Dahomi 9.0a 178efgh 1,598defg y = -22.87x + 291.88 (0.57)
Danjami 6.0d 167efghi 1,002jhijkl y = -80.51x + 448.81 (0.90)
Geonhwangmi 9.0a 152ghij 1,371ghi y = -19.87x + 251.70 (0.43)
Geonpungmi 9.0a 111klm 999jkl y = -6.89x + 145.43 (0.20)
Gogeonmi 9.0a 275b 2,479a y = -50.76x + 529.23 (0.89)
Gunmi 5.0f 104klm 564mn y = -27.49x + 199.93 (0.47)
Hayanmi 9.0a 178efgh 1,598defg y = -23.78x + 296.42 (0.43)
Healthymi 9.0a 128kl 1,154ijk y = -14.07x + 198.64 (0.59)
Hogammi 9.0a 170efghi 1,532efgh y = -26.06x + 300.52 (0.55)
Hongmi 6.0d 206de 1,238hij y = -53.59x + 393.85 (0.39)
Jeonmi 9.0a 154fghij 1,390fghi y = -1.54x + 162.13 (0.01)
Jeungmi 9.0a 178efgh 1,599defg y = -20.37x + 279.51 (0.46)
Jinhongmi 9.0a 191efg 1,718def y = 1.22x + 184.75 (0.01)
Jinmi 6.0d 135ijkl 811lm y = -19.24x + 202.52 (0.23)
Jinyulmi 6.0d 171efghi 1,026jkl y = -50.19x + 346.59 (0.92)
Juhwangmi 9.0a 254bc 2,283ab y = -10.59x + 306.67 (0.06)
Matnami 7.0c 246bc 1,722de y = -29.76x + 365.08 (0.26)
Pungwonmi 9.0a 178efgh 1,599defg y = -12.00x + 237.65 (0.20)
Saengmi 7.0c 146hijk 1,021jkl y = -9.56x + 184.13 (0.06)
Shinyulmi 9.0a 156fghij 1,408efi y = -24.32x + 277.99 (0.75)
Singeonmi 9.0a 178efgh 1,603defg y = -27.74x + 316.85 (0.58)
Sinhwangmi 6.0d 90m 538n y = -26.48x + 182.30 (0.43)
Sinjami 9.0a 193ef 1,734de y = -48.28x + 434.10 (0.57)
Yeonhwangmi 9.0a 163fghij 1,466efghi y = -11.96x + 222.65 (0.44)
Yeonjami 6.0d 311a 1,864cd y = -112.44x + 704.30 (0.75)
Yeseumi 8.0b 106lm 847klm y = -19.05x + 191.55 (0.34)
Younmi 9.0a 176efgh 1,588defg y = 1.06x + 171.14 (0.01)
Yulmi 9.0a 174efghi 1,564defg y = -15.46x + 251.14 (0.62)
Zami 6.0d 177efgh 1,061jkl y = -34.76x + 298.52 (0.27)

Avg. 7.9 173 1,392 -
Range 5.0-9.0 90-311 538-2,479 -

zNumber of tips, x: harvest time (1-9).

yMeans with the same letter are not significantly different at p<0.05 according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.

Table 5
Lutein, β-carotene, total polyphenol, and total flavonoid content of dried tips of thirty-two sweetpotato varieties.
Table 5
Varieties Lutein
(mg/100g)
β-carotene
(mg/100g)
Total polyphenol
(mg CAE/g)
Total flavonoid
(mg QE/g)
Biomi 31.6±0.7fghiz 45.9±1.0kl 65.6±2.0bc 274.9±19.1cde
Borami 29.1±0.1ghijk 26.1±0.4m 34.1±1.3i 178.9±12.0ijkl
Daeyumi 31.6±2.4fghi 104.4±8.2d 73.8±2.9a 285.1±20.2c
Dahomi 36.5±0.9de 58.0±1.3ghij 72.9±1.0a 217.1±9.0efghijk
Danjami 40.5±1.7bcd 74.9±5.4f 52.8±5.1fg 175.4±27.8jkl
Geonhwangmi 32.0±1.3fghi 87.4±2.0e 56.3±0.3ef 190.9±32.7hijkl
Geonpungmi 21.7±1.3n 56.4±6.8hijk 67.6±4.1b 226.1±25.5defghij
Gogeonmi 30.1±1.3ghijk 54.3±2.6ijk 63.1±4.0bcd 212.9±68.3fghijk
Gunmi 31.5±0.9fghi 49.9±1.4jkl 66.3±0.6bc 256.2±16.5cdefg
Hayanmi 42.8±0.6b 183.4±4.5a 58.3±1.0def 161.1±4.0kl
Healthymi 36.7±1.1de 68.0±2.3fg 47.3±2.2gh 170.2±2.3jkl
Hogammi 29.2±1.1ghijk 88.3±5.9e 54.9±0.9ef 214.4±24.4fghijk
Hongmi 28.2±2.1ijkl 52.7±1.7ijk 44.4±1.0h 248.9±25.2cdefgh
Jeonmi 29.3±0.6ghijk 41.6±0.5l 66.0±5.8bc 254.7±29.2cdefg
Jeungmi 26.3±0.4jklm 53.6±0.4ijk 49.2±1.0gh 256.3±8.5cdefg
Jinhongmi 30.4±1.0ghij 86.6±4.2e 46.7±1.6h 267.7±9.1cdef
Jinmi 28.7±0.3hijkl 55.0±0.6ijk 45.0±2.3h 236.9±23.4cdefghi
Jinyulmi 37.1±0.4de 154.0±2.5b 62.6±3.0bcd 204.6±60.6ghijk
Juhwangmi 47.0±0.5a 58.0±1.8ghij 66.5±4.3b 243.1±34.5cdefgh
Matnami 40.6±0.3bcd 73.2±2.8f 56.7±2.8ef 180.6±59.4ijkl
Pungwonmi 35.4±1.5ef 133.6±6.4c 74.4±1.9a 281.9±37.0cd
Saengmi 26.2±2.1jklm 25.6±4.1m 66.2±4.5bc 427.0±16.0a
Shinyulmi 25.7±0.9klmn 54.9±0.7ijk 43.8±2.6h 202.3±18.7ghijk
Singeonmi 26.3±1.5jklm 46.0±3.8kl 52.7±4.1fg 204.7±12.0ghijk
Sinhwangmi 30.6±2.8ghij 26.2±3.4m 60.4±0.4cde 393.7±18.6ab
Sinjami 33.7±0.6efg 64.4±1.2fghi 59.5±4.1de 141.9±37.2lm
Yeonhwangmi 33.1±3.2efgh 53.8±1.8ijk 63.4±5.5bcd 369.9±33.6b
Yeonjami 22.1±1.5mn 67.6±5.3fgh 30.7±3.9i 99.4±20.8m
Yeseumi 41.3±2.4bc 63.8±2.8fghi 56.6±1.3ef 204.2±6.0ghijk
Younmi 37.5±1.2cde 61.3±0.8ghij 47.8±2.9gh 247.1±31.4cdefgh
Yulmi 24.4±0.6lmn 53.4±0.5ijk 59.5±1.5de 251.4±29.3cdefg
Zami 29.1±0.5ghijk 25.5±2.6m 66.1±5.5bc 391.8±40.2ab

Mean 32.2 66.8 56.3 235.2
Range 21.7-47.0 25.5-183.4 30.7-74.4 99.4-427.0

zMeans with the same letter are not significantly different at p<0.05 according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.

Table 6
Correlation coefficients among lutein, β-carotene, total polyphenol, total flavonoid, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of thirty-two sweetpotato varietiesz.
Table 6
BC TP TF DPPH ABTS
Lu 0.437*y 0.250ns -0.176ns 0.272ns 0.317ns
BC 0.149ns -0.362* 0.374** 0.034ns
TP 0.470** 0.235ns 0.628**
TF -0.314ns 0.406*
DPPH 0.017ns

zLu; Lutein, BC; β-carotene, TP; total polyphenol, TF; total flavonoid, DPPH; DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS; ABTS radical scavenging activity.

yns, *, **, Nonsignificant or significant at 0.05, 0.01 probability level, respectively according to ANOVA.

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Selection of Excellent Sweetpotato Varieties Suitable for Tip Vegetable Use
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2020;52(4):342-353.   Published online December 1, 2020
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Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2020;52(4):342-353.   Published online December 1, 2020
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Selection of Excellent Sweetpotato Varieties Suitable for Tip Vegetable Use
Image Image
Fig. 1 Sowing of sweetpotato storage roots at vinyl greenhouse nursery (A), sweetpotato tips just before harvest (B, C), sweetpotato tips harvested to the length of 20 cm (D).
Fig. 2 DPPH radical scavenging activity (A) and ABTS radical scavenging activity (B) of tips of thirty-two sweetpotato varieties.
Selection of Excellent Sweetpotato Varieties Suitable for Tip Vegetable Use

Characteristics of sprouting of storage roots of thirty-two sweetpotato varieties grown in vinyl greenhouse nursery.

Varietiesy Sprout appearance
(DAP)z
Date of sprouting
(DAP)
Biomi 13.7±0.3abcy 16.0±0.0bcde
Borami 12.3±0.3bcdef 15.3±0.7cdefg
Daeyumi 13.0±0.6abcde 16.0±0.6bcde
Dahomi 10.7±0.3fghi 12.3±0.3kl
Danjami 11.3±0.3efg 12.7±0.3jhijkl
Geonhwangmi 11.0±0.0fgh 14.3±0.9fghi
Geonpungmi 11.7±0.9defg 16.0±0.6bcde
Gogeonmi 10.7±0.3fghi 13.3±0.3ijkl
Gunmi 13.0±0.0abcde 16.0±0.0bcde
Hayanmi 9.3±0.3hi 12.3±0.3kl
Healthymi 11.3±0.3efg 13.7±0.3hijk
Hogammi 13.0±0.6abcde 14.0±0.0ghij
Hongmi 13.7±0.3abc 16.3±0.7bcd
Jeonmi 13.3±1.2abcd 15.7±0.7bcdef
Jeungmi 12.0±0.0cdefg 14.7±0.3efghi
Jinhongmi 11.0±0.0fgh 12.7±0.3jkl
Jinmi 14.0±0.6ab 16.7±0.3bc
Jinyulmi 9.0±0.6i 10.7±0.7m
Juhwangmi 14.3±0.7a 16.7±0.7bc
Matnami 12.3±0.3bcdef 15.0±0.0defgh
Pungwonmi 13.7±1.3abc 17.0±0.0b
Saengmi 14.7±0.3a 19.0±0.0a
Shinyulmi 9.3±0.7hi 12.0±0.0lm
Singeonmi 10.3±0.3ghi 14.0±0.6ghij
Sinhwangmi 14.0±1.0ab 16.7±0.3bc
Sinjami 11.0±0.0fgh 14.0±0.7fghi
Yeonhwangmi 13.0±0.6abcde 15.0±0.0defgh
Yeonjami 10.7±0.7fghi 12.7±0.3jkl
Yeseumi 12.0±0.0cdefg 16.3±0.9bcd
Younmi 11.3±0.3efg 15.0±0.6defgh
Yulmi 12.0±0.0cdefg 14.3±0.7fghi
Zami 14.3±0.7a 18.7±0.3a

Mean 12.2 15.0
Range 9.0-14.3 10.7-19.0

Coefficient of correlation 0.9133

Vine characteristics of thirty-two sweetpotato varietiesz.

Varietiesy Young leaf color Leaf color Petiole color Stem color Leaf Anthocyanin coloration on abaxial veins (1-9)y

Shape No. of lobes
Biomi G G G G Cordate - 3
Borami P G G + P G + P Triangular - 1
Daeyumi G G G G Triangular - 5
Dahomi G G G G - 3 5
Danjami G G G G Cordate - 3
Geonhwangmi G G G G - 3 3
Geonpungmi G G G G Cordate - 7
Gogeonmi G G G G Cordate - 3
Gunmi G G G G Cordate - 5
Hayanmi G G P P Cordate - 7
Healthymi G G G G + P Cordate - 5
Hogammi P G G G Cordate - 5
Hongmi G G G G Cordate - 3
Jeonmi G G G G Cordate - 3
Jeungmi G G G G Cordate - 5
Jinhongmi G G G G Cordate - 3
Jinmi P G G G + P Cordate - 3
Jinyulmi P G G G Cordate - 3
Juhwangmi G G G + P G + P - 3 3
Matnami G G G G Cordate - 3
Pungwonmi G + P G G G Cordate - 1
Saengmi G G G + P G + P Cordate - 7
Shinyulmi G G G G Cordate - 5
Singeonmi G G G G Cordate - 3
Sinhwangmi G + P G G G Cordate - 5
Sinjami P G G + P G Cordate - 1
Yeonhwangmi G G G G Cordate - 3
Yeonjami G G G G Cordate - 1
Yeonmi G G G + P G + P Triangular - 5
Yeseumi G G G G - 3 1
Yulmi G G G G Cordate - 3
Zami P G + P G G + P Triangular - 1

Production of tips of thirty-two sweetpotato varieties according to the number of harvests.

Varietiesy No. of
harvests
Production of tips (g/m2)

Avg. Sum Trend line (R2)z
Biomi 9.0ay 448mno 4,033ijk y = -72.20x + 809.08 (0.76)
Borami 5.3e 306op 1,836n y = -87.34x + 611.65 (0.60)
Daeyumi 9.0a 662efghij 5,958bcdef y = -65.21x + 988.09 (0.50)
Dahomi 9.0a 595ghijkl 5,359defgh y = -122.24x + 1,206.60 (0.72)
Danjami 6.0d 666efghij 3,997ijk y = -415.80x + 2,121.50 (0.76)
Geonhwangmi 9.0a 533ijklmn 4,797fghi y = -113.11x + 1,098.60 (0.54)
Geonpungmi 9.0a 522jklmn 4,698ghij y = -68.74x + 865.73 (0.48)
Gogeonmi 9.0a 1,103a 9,923a y = -315.03x + 2,677.80 (0.76)
Gunmi 5.0f 500hijklm 2,998lm y = -209.40x + 1,232.50 (0.64)
Hayanmi 9.0a 789bcde 7,100b y = -155.03x + 1,564.00 (0.67)
Healthymi 9.0a 473lmn 4,253hijk y = -79.04x + 867.78 (0.53)
Hogammi 9.0a 679defghi 6,107bcde y = -153.37x + 1,445.40 (0.71)
Hongmi 6.0d 810bcd 4,861fghi y = -317.13x + 1,920.20 (0.55)
Jeonmi 9.0a 483lmn 4,343hijk y = -29.36x + 629.40 (0.10)
Jeungmi 9.0a 683defgh 6,146bcde y = -131.43x + 1,340.00 (0.61)
Jinhongmi 9.0a 652efghij 5,872cdef y = -22.50x + 764.96 (0.06)
Jinmi 6.0d 582hijklm 3,489klm y = -147.74x + 1,098.60 (0.46)
Jinyulmi 6.0d 605ghijkl 3,632jkl y = -293.15x + 1,631.30 (0.80)
Juhwangmi 9.0a 691defgh 6,216bcde y = -49.54x + 938.32 (0.14)
Matnami 7.0c 834bc 5,840cdefg y = -138.97x + 1,390.20 (0.46)
Pungwonmi 9.0a 570hijklm 5,128efghi y = -73.30x + 936.32 (0.35)
Saengmi 7.0c 503klmn 3,522klm y = -59.35x + 740.59 (0.15)
Shinyulmi 9.0a 702cdefgh 6,314bcd y = -191.62x + 1,659.70 (0.58)
Singeonmi 9.0a 754bcdef 6,783bc y = -184.09x + 1,674.10 (0.72)
Sinhwangmi 6.0d 297p 1,780n y = -114.45x + 697.28 (0.53)
Sinjami 9.0a 657efghij 5,915cdef y = -215.78x + 1,736.20 (0.72)
Yeonhwangmi 9.0a 629fghijk 5,661cdefg y = -75.42x + 1,006.10 (0.64)
Yeonjami 6.0d 866b 5,197defgh y = -398.79x + 2,262.00 (0.96)
Yeseumi 8.0b 423nop 3,383klm y = -88.66x + 821.78 (0.44)
Younmi 9.0a 738bcdefg 6,640bc y = -28.86x + 882.09 (0.09)
Yulmi 9.0a 689defgh 6,205bcde y = -117.08x + 1,274.80 (0.75)
Zami 6.0d 408nop 2,447mn y = -100.23x + 758.60 (0.37)

Avg. 7.9 620 5,014 -
Range 5.0-9.0 297-1,103 1,780-9,923 -

Number of tips of thirty-two sweetpotato varieties according to the number of harvests.

Varieties No. of
harvests
No. of tips per m2

Avg. Sum Trend line (R2)z
Biomi 9.0ay 157fghij 1,410efghi y = -13.22x + 222.78 (0.62)
Borami 5.3e 117jklm 701mn y = -25.18x + 204.96 (0.31)
Daeyumi 9.0a 228cd 2,052bc y = -9.82x + 277.10 (0.15)
Dahomi 9.0a 178efgh 1,598defg y = -22.87x + 291.88 (0.57)
Danjami 6.0d 167efghi 1,002jhijkl y = -80.51x + 448.81 (0.90)
Geonhwangmi 9.0a 152ghij 1,371ghi y = -19.87x + 251.70 (0.43)
Geonpungmi 9.0a 111klm 999jkl y = -6.89x + 145.43 (0.20)
Gogeonmi 9.0a 275b 2,479a y = -50.76x + 529.23 (0.89)
Gunmi 5.0f 104klm 564mn y = -27.49x + 199.93 (0.47)
Hayanmi 9.0a 178efgh 1,598defg y = -23.78x + 296.42 (0.43)
Healthymi 9.0a 128kl 1,154ijk y = -14.07x + 198.64 (0.59)
Hogammi 9.0a 170efghi 1,532efgh y = -26.06x + 300.52 (0.55)
Hongmi 6.0d 206de 1,238hij y = -53.59x + 393.85 (0.39)
Jeonmi 9.0a 154fghij 1,390fghi y = -1.54x + 162.13 (0.01)
Jeungmi 9.0a 178efgh 1,599defg y = -20.37x + 279.51 (0.46)
Jinhongmi 9.0a 191efg 1,718def y = 1.22x + 184.75 (0.01)
Jinmi 6.0d 135ijkl 811lm y = -19.24x + 202.52 (0.23)
Jinyulmi 6.0d 171efghi 1,026jkl y = -50.19x + 346.59 (0.92)
Juhwangmi 9.0a 254bc 2,283ab y = -10.59x + 306.67 (0.06)
Matnami 7.0c 246bc 1,722de y = -29.76x + 365.08 (0.26)
Pungwonmi 9.0a 178efgh 1,599defg y = -12.00x + 237.65 (0.20)
Saengmi 7.0c 146hijk 1,021jkl y = -9.56x + 184.13 (0.06)
Shinyulmi 9.0a 156fghij 1,408efi y = -24.32x + 277.99 (0.75)
Singeonmi 9.0a 178efgh 1,603defg y = -27.74x + 316.85 (0.58)
Sinhwangmi 6.0d 90m 538n y = -26.48x + 182.30 (0.43)
Sinjami 9.0a 193ef 1,734de y = -48.28x + 434.10 (0.57)
Yeonhwangmi 9.0a 163fghij 1,466efghi y = -11.96x + 222.65 (0.44)
Yeonjami 6.0d 311a 1,864cd y = -112.44x + 704.30 (0.75)
Yeseumi 8.0b 106lm 847klm y = -19.05x + 191.55 (0.34)
Younmi 9.0a 176efgh 1,588defg y = 1.06x + 171.14 (0.01)
Yulmi 9.0a 174efghi 1,564defg y = -15.46x + 251.14 (0.62)
Zami 6.0d 177efgh 1,061jkl y = -34.76x + 298.52 (0.27)

Avg. 7.9 173 1,392 -
Range 5.0-9.0 90-311 538-2,479 -

Lutein, β-carotene, total polyphenol, and total flavonoid content of dried tips of thirty-two sweetpotato varieties.

Varieties Lutein
(mg/100g)
β-carotene
(mg/100g)
Total polyphenol
(mg CAE/g)
Total flavonoid
(mg QE/g)
Biomi 31.6±0.7fghiz 45.9±1.0kl 65.6±2.0bc 274.9±19.1cde
Borami 29.1±0.1ghijk 26.1±0.4m 34.1±1.3i 178.9±12.0ijkl
Daeyumi 31.6±2.4fghi 104.4±8.2d 73.8±2.9a 285.1±20.2c
Dahomi 36.5±0.9de 58.0±1.3ghij 72.9±1.0a 217.1±9.0efghijk
Danjami 40.5±1.7bcd 74.9±5.4f 52.8±5.1fg 175.4±27.8jkl
Geonhwangmi 32.0±1.3fghi 87.4±2.0e 56.3±0.3ef 190.9±32.7hijkl
Geonpungmi 21.7±1.3n 56.4±6.8hijk 67.6±4.1b 226.1±25.5defghij
Gogeonmi 30.1±1.3ghijk 54.3±2.6ijk 63.1±4.0bcd 212.9±68.3fghijk
Gunmi 31.5±0.9fghi 49.9±1.4jkl 66.3±0.6bc 256.2±16.5cdefg
Hayanmi 42.8±0.6b 183.4±4.5a 58.3±1.0def 161.1±4.0kl
Healthymi 36.7±1.1de 68.0±2.3fg 47.3±2.2gh 170.2±2.3jkl
Hogammi 29.2±1.1ghijk 88.3±5.9e 54.9±0.9ef 214.4±24.4fghijk
Hongmi 28.2±2.1ijkl 52.7±1.7ijk 44.4±1.0h 248.9±25.2cdefgh
Jeonmi 29.3±0.6ghijk 41.6±0.5l 66.0±5.8bc 254.7±29.2cdefg
Jeungmi 26.3±0.4jklm 53.6±0.4ijk 49.2±1.0gh 256.3±8.5cdefg
Jinhongmi 30.4±1.0ghij 86.6±4.2e 46.7±1.6h 267.7±9.1cdef
Jinmi 28.7±0.3hijkl 55.0±0.6ijk 45.0±2.3h 236.9±23.4cdefghi
Jinyulmi 37.1±0.4de 154.0±2.5b 62.6±3.0bcd 204.6±60.6ghijk
Juhwangmi 47.0±0.5a 58.0±1.8ghij 66.5±4.3b 243.1±34.5cdefgh
Matnami 40.6±0.3bcd 73.2±2.8f 56.7±2.8ef 180.6±59.4ijkl
Pungwonmi 35.4±1.5ef 133.6±6.4c 74.4±1.9a 281.9±37.0cd
Saengmi 26.2±2.1jklm 25.6±4.1m 66.2±4.5bc 427.0±16.0a
Shinyulmi 25.7±0.9klmn 54.9±0.7ijk 43.8±2.6h 202.3±18.7ghijk
Singeonmi 26.3±1.5jklm 46.0±3.8kl 52.7±4.1fg 204.7±12.0ghijk
Sinhwangmi 30.6±2.8ghij 26.2±3.4m 60.4±0.4cde 393.7±18.6ab
Sinjami 33.7±0.6efg 64.4±1.2fghi 59.5±4.1de 141.9±37.2lm
Yeonhwangmi 33.1±3.2efgh 53.8±1.8ijk 63.4±5.5bcd 369.9±33.6b
Yeonjami 22.1±1.5mn 67.6±5.3fgh 30.7±3.9i 99.4±20.8m
Yeseumi 41.3±2.4bc 63.8±2.8fghi 56.6±1.3ef 204.2±6.0ghijk
Younmi 37.5±1.2cde 61.3±0.8ghij 47.8±2.9gh 247.1±31.4cdefgh
Yulmi 24.4±0.6lmn 53.4±0.5ijk 59.5±1.5de 251.4±29.3cdefg
Zami 29.1±0.5ghijk 25.5±2.6m 66.1±5.5bc 391.8±40.2ab

Mean 32.2 66.8 56.3 235.2
Range 21.7-47.0 25.5-183.4 30.7-74.4 99.4-427.0

Correlation coefficients among lutein, β-carotene, total polyphenol, total flavonoid, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of thirty-two sweetpotato varietiesz.

BC TP TF DPPH ABTS
Lu 0.437*y 0.250ns -0.176ns 0.272ns 0.317ns
BC 0.149ns -0.362* 0.374** 0.034ns
TP 0.470** 0.235ns 0.628**
TF -0.314ns 0.406*
DPPH 0.017ns
Table 1 Characteristics of sprouting of storage roots of thirty-two sweetpotato varieties grown in vinyl greenhouse nursery.

zDAP: Days after planting.

yMean±SE (n=3). Means with the same letter are not significantly different at p<0.05 according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.

Table 2 Vine characteristics of thirty-two sweetpotato varietiesz.

zG: Green, P: Purple.

y1: absent or very small, 3: small, 5: medium, 7: large, 9: very large.

Table 3 Production of tips of thirty-two sweetpotato varieties according to the number of harvests.

zproduction of tips, x: harvest time (1-9).

yMeans with the same letter are not significantly different at p<0.05 according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.

Table 4 Number of tips of thirty-two sweetpotato varieties according to the number of harvests.

zNumber of tips, x: harvest time (1-9).

yMeans with the same letter are not significantly different at p<0.05 according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.

Table 5 Lutein, β-carotene, total polyphenol, and total flavonoid content of dried tips of thirty-two sweetpotato varieties.

zMeans with the same letter are not significantly different at p<0.05 according to Duncan’s Multiple Range Test.

Table 6 Correlation coefficients among lutein, β-carotene, total polyphenol, total flavonoid, ABTS radical scavenging activity, and DPPH radical scavenging activity of thirty-two sweetpotato varietiesz.

zLu; Lutein, BC; β-carotene, TP; total polyphenol, TF; total flavonoid, DPPH; DPPH radical scavenging activity, ABTS; ABTS radical scavenging activity.

yns, *, **, Nonsignificant or significant at 0.05, 0.01 probability level, respectively according to ANOVA.