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New Cultivar Developed

중⋅만생종 고품질 완전단감 ‘감풍’ 육성

마경복1,*, 양상진1, 조예슬1, 조광식2, 강삼석1

‘Gampung’, Middle and late Maturing, High Quality Sweet Persimmon

Kyeong-Bok Ma1,*, Sang-Jin Yang1, Ye-Seul Jo1, Kwang-Sik Cho2, Sam-Seok Kang1
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2020;52(4):485-488.
Published online: December 1, 2020

1국립원예특작과학원 배연구소

2영암군 농업기술센터

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*Corresponding Author (E-mail: gbma@korea.kr, Tel: +82-61-330-1581, Fax: +82-61-330-1533)
• Received: September 6, 2020   • Revised: October 12, 2020   • Accepted: October 20, 2020

Copyright © 2020 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • A new persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. Thunb.) cultivar, ‘Gampung’, a progeny derived from the cross between ‘Daeandangam’ and ‘Taishu’ in 2004, was finally selected in 2013. Fruits of ‘Gampung’ were available for harvest on October 24 in the Yeong-am area. It had a very large fruit size of 413 g on average, and high soluble solids of approximately 14.7 °Bx. Its flesh taste was good, and it had a crispy texture and rich juice. The shape of the fruit was round oblate from the side view, and it had orange skin. Physiological disorders such as fruit cracking or skin fine cracking rarely occurred in this cultivar (Registration No. 8030).
  • Keywords: persimmon; tannin; PCNA; high quality
동양감 또는 감(Diospyros kaki Thunb.)은 동아시아에서 기원하였고, 많은 토착감품종들이 중국, 한국 그리고 일본에서 발생되었다(Agricultural Research Station 1912, Cho & Cho 1965, Wang et al. 1997). 현재 감은 브라질, 이스라엘, 이태리, 스페인, 아제르바이젠, 우즈베키스탄, 뉴질랜드 그리고 호주 등 세계 여러나라에서 식용으로 생산되고 있다(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations 2020). 감은 세계적으로 생산 지역이 확대되고 있지만 우리나라와 일본에서만 교배육종을 통한 신품종 개발을 하고 있으며, 일본은 1959년 처음 품종을 보급 하였으며, 우리나라에서는 2008년 최초 품종을 선발하여 2015년부터 농가에 보급하고 있다(Sato & Yamada 2016).
현재 우리나라에서 재배되고 있는 단감은 대부분 일본 품종이며, 1960년대에 공식적으로 도입하여 품종 특성을 평가한 후 농가에 보급하였다. 단감의 재배면적은 노동력 부족과 소비 감소에 따른 가격하락으로 2000년 이후 지속적으로 감소하는 추세이다. 2019년 재배면적은 8,639 ha로 전년보다 5%나 감소하였다(KOSIS 2020). 품종 별 재배면적 비중은 ‘부유’가 전체의 80%를 차지하고 있어 특정 품종의 재배 편중이 심하다. ‘차랑’은 전체의 8%로 ‘부유’에 이어 두 번째로 비중이 높다(Agricultural outlook 2020). 국립원예특작과학원 배연구소에서는 품질이 우수한 단감 품종을 보급하여 단감의 소비를 증가시키고, 만생종 ‘부유’의 편중 재배를 해소하기 위해 중⋅만생종 고품질 완전단감 ‘감풍’을 개발하여 품종 보급을 위해 국립종자원에 등록하였다.
국립원예특작과학원 배연구소에서는 단감의 소비를 확대하고, 일부 품종의 편중재배 해소를 위한 고품질 단감을 개발하고자 2004년에 전라남도 영암군 소재 배연구소 포장에 식재되어 있는 ‘대안단감’에 ‘태추’을 교배하였다(Fig. 1). 교배 종자는 완숙된 과실을 수확하여 상온에 저장한 후 과육이 연화된 다음에 채취하고 물에 씻어서 약간 건조시킨 후 벤레이트 수화제로 종자 소독을 하고, 폴리에틸렌 봉지에 넣어서 파종 전까지 5℃의 저장고에 보관하였다(Cho et al. 2015, Ma et al. 2019).
2005년 3월 상순 버미큘라이트와 펄라이트(2:1, v/v)를 혼합한 상토에 종자를 섞어 20℃에서 15일간 최아시켰다. 최아된 종자는 원예용 상토((주)신성미네랄, Korea)를 담은 지피포트(Round 11×10 cm, Jiffy®, Denmark)에 파종하여, 86개체의 교배실생을 획득하여 2005년 4월 본 포장에 식재하였다.
교배실생의 수체 생육 및 과실 특성 조사는 농림축산식품부 국립종자원의 신품종 심사를 위한 과실 특성 조사 요령(KSVS 2007) 및 Ma et al. (2019) 방법을 따랐다. 당도는 과실의 중간 부위에서 착즙하여 굴절당도계(Refractometer PAL-1, Atago, Japan)를 이용하여 측정하였고, 경도는 과실의 중간 부위에서 과피를 제거하고 직경이 Ø8 mm인 헤드(Pressure head)를 이용하여 깊이 10 mm까지 압력을 가한 후 측정하였다. 과실의 식감, 과즙의 양은 식미를 보고 기존의 품종들과 비교하여 테스트하였고, 꼭지들림, 과정부 열과 등 생리장해는 연차간 조사를 실시하였다. 과실의 모양 및 색깔, 잎의 모양, 1년생 가지의 눈의 모양 등은 육안으로 관찰하였다.
육성경위
국립원예특작과학원 배연구소에서는 일부 품종의 편중 재배를 해소하고자 고품질 완전단감 품종을 개발하기 위해 교배육종을 수행하고 있다. 2004년에 ‘대안단감’에 ‘태추’을 교배하여 86계통의 교배실생을 얻었는데, ‘대안단감’은 과실이 크고 과피에 미세균열 등 생리장해 발생이 없고, ‘태추’는 과피에 미세균열이 발생하지만 과육이 아삭하고, 과즙이 풍부하여 교배모부본으로 선정하였다. 교배실생 중에서 과실의 생리장해가 없고, 품질이 우수한 04-1-3계통을 2011년에 1차 선발하여 ‘원교 바-7호’로 명명하였다. 이 후 과실 및 수체 생육 특성을 정밀 검정한 결과 과실 특성의 연차 간 변이가 적고, 과실 품질이 우수하여 2013년 조생종 추석용 단감 품종으로 최종 선발하고 ‘감풍’으로 명명하여 2014년에 품종보호 출원하였으며, 2020년에 최종 등록되었다(Fig. 1).
생육 특성
‘감풍’의 수세는 중간 정도이고, 나무 형태는 개장(開張)성이었다. 휴면기에 조사한 일년생 가지는 56.3 cm이었고, 굵기는 6.81 mm이었으며, 마디의 길이는 34.5 mm이었다(Table 1). 일년생 가지의 중간 5 cm의 피목수는 대조품종인 ‘부유’는 80개 인데 반해 ‘감풍’은 109개이었으며, 피목의 모양은 타원형이었다. 1년생 가지의 양광면의 색은 적갈색이었으며, 눈의 측면 모양은 대조품종인 ‘부유’는 삼각형인데 반해 ‘감풍’은 넓은 난형이었다. 엽신의 길이는 19.0 cm, 너비는 11.2 cm이었으며, 엽신의 모양은 대조품종인 ‘부유’는 난형인데 반해 ‘감풍은 타원형이었다(Table 1). 엽신의 기부 모양은 대조품종인 ‘부유’는 좁은 뾰족인데 반해 ‘감풍’은 넓은 뾰족이었으며, 엽신의 정부 모양은 첨두이었다(Table 1, Figs. 3, 4). 나무 꽃의 성표현은 암꽃과 수꽃 모두 피었으며, 수꽃 착생은 교배부본인 ‘태추’에서 유래된 것으로 판단되었다. 암꽃 화관의 직경은 16.5 mm이었으며, 위에서 본 꽃받침의 모양은 마름모형이었고, 꽃부리 엽의 수는 4개였다. 종자의 형태는 넓은 난형인데 반해 대조품종인 ‘부유’는 난형이었고, 크기는 14.2 mm이었다.
과실 특성
‘감풍’의 수확 시기는 영암에서 3년 평균 10월 20일경으로 ‘부유’보다 12일 정도 빨랐다(Table 2). 과실 모양은 편원형이고, 횡단면의 모양은 둥근 부정형이었고, 종단면의 정단부 모양은 둥근 중앙 홈형이었다(Figs. 2, 5a, 5d). 과실의 정단부 골의 정도는 심하였고, 동심원 균열은 없거나 약하였으며, 과정부의 열과도 없거나 약하였다. 과실 정단부 열과, 과피 미세균열은 없거나 약한 편이었다(Fig. 5a). 꽃받침의 자세는 반직립이었고, 꽃받침쪽의 홈은 없었으며, 배꼽 홈의 깊이는 약간 패인 모양이었다(Figs. 5a, 5d). 꽃받침 쪽의 길이는 8.24 cm, 과경의 굵기는 2.94 mm이었다. 떫은맛이 항상 없거나 가끔 있는 품종으로 과실의 크기는 413 g 정도이고, 당도는 14.7 °Bx 정도 이었으며, 과육의 경도는 3.83 kg/8mmø이었다(Table 2). 과실의 표면은 오렌지색이었고 과육색은 유백색이었며, 갈반은 없거나 작았다. 또한 과즙이 많고 과육이 아삭하여 식미가 매우 우수하였다(Table 2, Figs. 5c, 5d).
재배상 주의점
‘감풍’은 나무의 자람세가 개장성이고 과실이 매우 크기 때문에 주지가 아래로처질 수 있다. 따라서 유목기부터 지주를 설치하여 주지가 아래로 처지지 않게 관리하여야 한다. ‘감풍’은 착과량이 가지당 3~5개로 ‘부유’에 비해 많지 않으며, 비정형과실이 일부 착과되기 때문에 결실관리는 1가지당 1.5~2개 정도 꽃봉오리를 남겨 놓고, 착과 후 비정형과실을 제거하는 것이 좋다. 꽃봉오리솎기 작업은 개화 전 10~15일에 결과지 중간 위치에 충실한 꽃봉오리를 남기고 나머지를 솎아주고, 잎 5매 이하 결과지의 꽃봉오리는 모두 제거하는 것이 좋다(Cho et al. 2015, Ma et al. 2019). 또한 수세가 강하면 과실 표면에 골이 생기는 등 비정형 과실의 발생이 많아지기 때문에 상품과 비율을 높이고, 과실의 품질을 향상시키기 위해서 적정 양⋅수분관리로 수세를 안정시키는 것이 중요하다. 과수원 내부의 통풍을 위해서는 여름철에 도장지의 30% 정도를 제거하고, 나머지는 내년도 결과지 확보를 위해 수평방향으로 유인 한다.
‘감풍’은 2004년 ‘대안단감’에 ‘태추’을 교배하여, 2013년에 최종 선발한 품종이다. 과실의 숙기는 영암지역에서 10월 20일경이며, 평균 과중은 413 g으로 매우 큰 편이다. 당도는 14.7 °Bx로 높으며, 과즙이 많고, 과육이 아삭하여 식미가 우수하다. 과실의 측면의 모양은 편원형이고 과피색은 오렌지색이다. 과정부 열과, 과피미세균열 등 생리장해가 발생하지 않아 재배 관리가 쉽다(등록번호: 제8030호).
본 논문은 농촌진흥청 시험연구사업(과제번호: PJ01026603)의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것임.
Fig. 1
Pedigree of ‘Gampung’ persimmon.
KJBS-52-485-f1.jpg
Fig. 2
Fruit of ‘Gampung’ at the harvest time.
KJBS-52-485-f2.jpg
Fig. 3
Shapes of leaf blade of ‘Gampung' (upper) and 'Fuyu’ (bottom) persimmon.
KJBS-52-485-f3.jpg
Fig. 4
Shapes of leaf base of ‘Gampung' (left) and 'Fuyu’ (right) persimmon. The shapes of leaf base of ‘Gampung’ is wide sharp, on the other hand the shapes of leaf base of ‘Fuyu’ shows narrow sharp.
KJBS-52-485-f4.jpg
Fig. 5
Comparison of the fruit shape of 'Gampung' and 'Fuyu’ persimmon. A: the fruit shape from above (left: Gampung, right: Fuyu); B: the fruit shape from under (left: Gampung, right: Fuyu); C: the shape of fruit cross section (left: Gampung, right: Fuyu); D: the shape of fruit longitudinal section (left: Gampung, right: Fuyu).
KJBS-52-485-f5.jpg
Table 1
Tree characteristics of ‘Gampung’ sweet persimmon in Yeong-am area from 2011 to 2013.
Table 1
Cultivar One-year-old shoot Leaf blade
Length
(cm)		 Thickness
(mm)		 Color of
sunny side		 Number of
lenticels		 Size of Lenticel
(mm)		 Shape Shape of apex Shape of base
Gampung 56.3±4.3z 6.8±1.8 Red Brown 109±16.8 1.3±0.10 Elliptic Spire Wide sharp
Fuyu 46.3±2.6 5.5±0.9 Brown 80±12.5 1.5±0.12 Ovate Spire narrow sharp

zMean ± standard deviation of 3 years

Table 2
Fruit characteristics of ‘Gampung’ sweet persimmon in Yeong-am area from 2011 to 2013.
Table 2
Cultivar Maturity Fruit weight (g) Soluble solids (°Bx) Firmness
(kg/8mmø)		 Fruit shape Skin color Flesh juice
Gampung Oct. 20 413±38.8z 14.7±1.34 3.83±0.45 Oblate Orange Rich
Fuyu Nov. 2 241±11.2 14.8±1.10 6.37±0.14 Oblate Orange Medium

zMeans ± standard deviation of 3 years

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‘Gampung’, Middle and late Maturing, High Quality Sweet Persimmon
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2020;52(4):485-488.   Published online December 1, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2020.52.4.485
Download Citation

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Include:
‘Gampung’, Middle and late Maturing, High Quality Sweet Persimmon
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2020;52(4):485-488.   Published online December 1, 2020
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2020.52.4.485
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Related articles

‘Gampung’, Middle and late Maturing, High Quality Sweet Persimmon
Image Image Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree of ‘Gampung’ persimmon.
Fig. 2 Fruit of ‘Gampung’ at the harvest time.
Fig. 3 Shapes of leaf blade of ‘Gampung' (upper) and 'Fuyu’ (bottom) persimmon.
Fig. 4 Shapes of leaf base of ‘Gampung' (left) and 'Fuyu’ (right) persimmon. The shapes of leaf base of ‘Gampung’ is wide sharp, on the other hand the shapes of leaf base of ‘Fuyu’ shows narrow sharp.
Fig. 5 Comparison of the fruit shape of 'Gampung' and 'Fuyu’ persimmon. A: the fruit shape from above (left: Gampung, right: Fuyu); B: the fruit shape from under (left: Gampung, right: Fuyu); C: the shape of fruit cross section (left: Gampung, right: Fuyu); D: the shape of fruit longitudinal section (left: Gampung, right: Fuyu).

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

‘Gampung’, Middle and late Maturing, High Quality Sweet Persimmon

Tree characteristics of ‘Gampung’ sweet persimmon in Yeong-am area from 2011 to 2013.

Cultivar One-year-old shoot Leaf blade
Length
(cm)		 Thickness
(mm)		 Color of
sunny side		 Number of
lenticels		 Size of Lenticel
(mm)		 Shape Shape of apex Shape of base
Gampung 56.3±4.3z 6.8±1.8 Red Brown 109±16.8 1.3±0.10 Elliptic Spire Wide sharp
Fuyu 46.3±2.6 5.5±0.9 Brown 80±12.5 1.5±0.12 Ovate Spire narrow sharp

Fruit characteristics of ‘Gampung’ sweet persimmon in Yeong-am area from 2011 to 2013.

Cultivar Maturity Fruit weight (g) Soluble solids (°Bx) Firmness
(kg/8mmø)		 Fruit shape Skin color Flesh juice
Gampung Oct. 20 413±38.8z 14.7±1.34 3.83±0.45 Oblate Orange Rich
Fuyu Nov. 2 241±11.2 14.8±1.10 6.37±0.14 Oblate Orange Medium
Table 1 Tree characteristics of ‘Gampung’ sweet persimmon in Yeong-am area from 2011 to 2013.

zMean ± standard deviation of 3 years

Table 2 Fruit characteristics of ‘Gampung’ sweet persimmon in Yeong-am area from 2011 to 2013.

zMeans ± standard deviation of 3 years

Table 1

Table 2

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