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New Cultivar Developed

보리호위축병과 추위에 강한 겉보리 ‘한강’

이창현1, 김양길1, 김경호1, 허온숙1, 박태일1, 박진천1, 박슬기1, 강천식1, 최창현1, 박종호2, 윤영미1,*

Development of Covered Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar, ‘Hangang’ with Resistance to Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus and Tolerance to Cold

Chang-Hyun Lee1, Yang-Kil Kim1, Kyong-Ho Kim1, On-Sook Hur1, Tae-il Park1, Jin-Cheon Park1, Seul-Gi Park1, Chon-Sik Kang1, Chang-Hyun Choi1, Jong-Ho Park2, Young-Mi Yoon1,*
Korean Journal of Breeding Science 2023;55(2):156-162.
Published online: June 1, 2023

1농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원

2농촌진흥청 농촌인적자원개발센터

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*Corresponding Author (E-mail: mi3710@korea.kr, Tel: +82-63-238-5227, Fax: +82-63-238-5205)
• Received: April 20, 2023   • Revised: April 24, 2023   • Accepted: May 4, 2023

Copyright © 2023 by the Korean Society of Breeding Science

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  • A new covered barley cultivar ‘Hangang’ with resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and tolerance to cold was developed by crossing ‘Samkwangchal/Radiant’ at the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2018. The regional yield trials were conducted for ‘Hangang’ as a breeding line ‘Jeonju498’ in five different regions from 2016 to 2018. The average heading date of ‘Hangang’ was April 22, which was one day earlier than that of ‘Olbori’. The maturing date of ‘Hangang’ was May 30, which was similar to that of ‘Olbori’. The culm length was 81 cm, which was shorter than that of ‘Olbori’, showing tolerance to lodging stress. ‘Hangang’ showed the spike length of 4.6 cm with 669 spikes per m2, 54 grains per spike, and a weight of 33.5 g for 1,000 grains. Compared with ‘Olbori’, ‘Hangang’ showed stronger withering in winter (winter hardiness) and resistance to BaYMV. Among quality characteristics, ‘Hangang’ showed similar levels as those of ‘Olbori’ with respect to protein, β-glucan and amylose (10.7%, 4.6%, and 18.8%, respectively). However, ‘Hangang’ showed higher polyphenol content (1.69 mg/g) than the check cultivar. The yield of ‘Hangang’ in the regional yield trial was 611 kg/10a in upland, 502 kg/10a in paddy field, and an overall average of 567 kg/10a, which was 15%, 16% and 16% higher than that of the check cultivar, respectively. Therefore, ‘Hangang’ will be suitable cultivar when sowed in cold regions (Registration No. 8773).
보리는 전 세계에서 네 번째 큰 규모로 재배되는 5대 식량 작물로 약 10,000년 전 야생 보리를 인류가 채집한 것이 보리 이용의 시초였으며 작물로서 재배를 시작한 것은 약 7,000년 전이다(Dai et al. 2012, Haas et al. 2019). 보리는 밀, 벼, 옥수수 등의 다른 식량작물보다 염분 및 가뭄에 대한 내성이 높기 때문에 전 세계적으로 광범위한 환경 적응성과 분포를 가진다(Sakellariou & Mylona 2020). 국내에서 보리는 벼, 콩 다음으로 많이 재배되는 식량작물로 재배면적은 24천ha이다(KOSIS 2022). 보리는 이삭 조성에 따라 2조(두줄보리)와 6조(여섯줄보리)로 구분하거나 종실의 피과성에 따라 성숙 후 껍질이 종실과 분리되지 않는 것은 겉보리(covered barely, hulled barley)로, 껍질과 종실이 쉽게 분리되는 것은 쌀보리(naked barley, unhulled barley, hulless barley)로 구분할 수도 있다(Ha 2000). 겉보리 중 2조보리는 주로 맥주용으로, 6조보리는 보리차용 및 엿기름용으로 이용되고 있으며, 쌀보리는 탈곡 후 쉽게 종피가 제거되고 도정 수율 또한 높기 때문에 주로 취반용으로 이용되고 있다. 최근에는 건강에 대한 소비자의 관심이 증가함에 따라 베타글루칸, 폴리페놀, 안토시아닌 등 보리의 기능성이 주목받으며 건강식품 소재로 이용되고 있고 1인당 보리 소비량도 최근 10년간 1.2~1.3 kg 수준에서 현재는 1.6 kg까지 증가하였다(MAFRA 2022). 보리는 주로 겨울에 재배되는 동계 작물이기 때문에 안정적으로 겨울을 나기 위해서는 추위를 견디는 특성인 내한성이 중요하다. 일반적인 겉보리 품종의 적응 지역은 1월 최저기온 평균이 -6℃ 이상의 지역으로 보리 중에서는 가장 내한성이 높음에도 경기도 및 강원도 지역에서는 안정적인 재배가 어렵다. 또한 최근 월동기 이상기온 현상에 따른 재배 안정성이 강화된 즉 한해(추위)에 강한 품종 개발이 요구되는 상황이다. 보리차와 엿기름으로 이용되는 6조 겉보리는 2010년 이후 고안토시아닌이며 청색호분층을 가지고 도복에 강한 ‘청명’, 춘파 적응성이며 보리호위축병에 강한 ‘호향’, 흑색으로 고폴리페놀이며 다수성인 ‘흑다향’ 등 11개의 품종이 육성되었다(Kim et al. 2018, Kim et al. 2020, Yoon et al. 2022). 이중에서 내한성이 강한 품종으로는 혜양이 있으나 혜양의 재배장려지역도 충남, 충북까지일뿐 경기도 및 강원도까지는 이르지 못했다(Kim et al. 2016). 따라서 본 연구에서는 내한성이 높고 재배 안정성과 수량성이 높으며 보리호위축병에 강한 특성을 나타내는 겉보리 ‘한강’을 개발하여 그 육성 경위와 주요 특성을 보고하고자 한다.
농업형질 및 수량성 조사
겉보리 신품종 ‘한강’의 농업적 특성 및 수량성을 조사하기 위해 2016년부터 2018년까지 3년간 지역적응시험을 수행하였다. 시험지역은 총 5개 지역이며 경기 수원, 강원 춘천, 충북 청주 3개소는 밭 조건으로, 전북 전주, 경북 대구 2개소는 논 조건으로 하여 ‘올보리’를 표준품종으로 대비하여 검토하였다(RDA 2016, 2017, 2018). 각 지역별 농촌진흥청 보리 표준재배법으로 수행하였으며 파종은 각 지역별 2015년 수원 10월 15일, 춘천 10월 14일, 청주 10월 15일, 전주 10월 23일, 대구 10월 16일, 2016년 수원 10월 12일, 춘천 10월 18일, 청주 10월 18일, 전주 10월 24일, 대구 11월 4일, 2017년 수원 10월 13일, 춘천 10월 10일, 청주 10월 18일, 전주 10월 24일, 대구 10월 25일 파종하여 시험하였다. 시험 성적은 2016~2018년(3년) 동안의 지역적응시험 결과를 조사 분석하였으며, 생육특성은 출수기 및 성숙기, 간장 등을 조사하였고 수량구성요소 중 천립중은 2.0 mm 종목체를 통과한 종실, 즉 설립을 제거한 종실에서 1,000립을 측정하였다. 조곡수량은 수확 탈곡 건조 후 수분 14%로 보정하여 설립을 제거한 종실을 10 a 당으로 환산하였다. 기타 조사 또한 농업과학기술 연구조사 분석기준(RDA 2012)에 따라 수행하였다. ‘한강’의 내병성 특성검정은 흰가루병과 보리호위축병의 이병성 및 저항성 확인으로 수행하였다. 흰가루병(Powdery mildew) 유묘검정은 온실에서 본엽 1~2엽기에 절대기생체인 Blumeria graminis f.sp. hordei 병원균 이병 개체로부터 접촉 접종 후 1~2주 경과하여 발병정도를 조사하였고 이병정도는 저항성(0)~감수성(9)로 나타냈다(Ha 2000). 보리호위축병(Barley yellow mosaic virus, BaYMV) 검정은 바이러스 strain에 따라 지역별 상습발병포장인 나주(strain Ⅰ형), 익산(strain Ⅲ형), 진주(strain Ⅳ형)에서 자연 감염을 유도하였으며 이병정도는 무 발생(0), 10% 미만(1), 11~ 30% (3), 31~50% (5), 51~70% (7), 71% 이상(9) 등으로 나타냈고, 3월 상순에서 3월 하순 사이에 조사하였다(Park et al. 2009). 재해저항성 특성 검정을 위한 내한성 검정은 경기 연천 시험지에서 10월 상순에 파종하여 월동 후인 이듬해 3월에 고사주율(%)을 조사하였다. 파성 검정은 4℃, 3주간 저온을 가한 처리구와 무처리구 두가지 조건으로, 파성별 대조품종과 함께 온실에 파종⋅이식하여 수행되었다. 파성 검정 시 실내온도는 주간 20℃, 야간 15℃로 24시간 광처리하였고 생육 진행과 함께 주경의 엽수와 지엽 전개 일수를 조사하여 파성 정도를 I~V 범위로 판정하였다.
원맥 품질 분석
단백질 햠량은 도정하지 않은 조곡에서 분석하였고, 베타글루칸과 아밀로오스 함량은 도정한 정곡에서 분석하였다. 정곡 시료는 Satake 시험도정기 (TM05C, SATAKE Co., Japan)를 이용하여 도정률 67%로 정맥하였다. 분석에 사용된 조곡 및 정곡 시료는 0.5 ㎜체가 장착된 Centrifugal mill (Zm 100, F.Kurt Retsch GmbH & Co. KG, Germany)로 분쇄하여 사용하였다. 단백질 분석은 원소분석기 (US/Vario max, USA)를 이용하여 분석한 총 질소함량에 켈달장치를 이용하여 분석한 값과 비교하여 얻어진 보정계수(conversion factor) 6.25를 곱하여 계산하였다. β-glucan 분석은 McCleary 방법(McClear & Glennie-Holmes 1985)을 이용하였고 Megazyme kit를 사용하여 510 nm에서 흡광도 값을 측정하였다. 폴리페놀 함량은 Folin-Denis 방법으로 측정하였다(Velioglu et al. 1998). 80% 메탄올로 시료를 추출하고 Folin reagent를 가한 후 반응액의 흡광도를 720 nm파장에서 측정하였다. 표준물질로는 0.1% gallic acid를 사용하였으며 측정시료와 동일한 방법으로 흡광도를 측정한 후에 검량선을 작성하여 정량 분석하였다.
통계 분석
통계분석은 R (version 4.0.2.)을 이용하였으며, 처리간의 차이는 t-test로 유의수준 5%(p<0.05)에서 검정하였다.
육성 경위
추위에 강하고 재배안정성이 우수하며 고품질 다수성 보리 품종을 육성하기 위하여, 2007년에 한해에 강하고 대립 다수성인 ‘삼광찰보리(IT227084)’을 모본으로, 2조 대립인 ‘Radiant’ (Von Wettstein et al. 2004) 를 부본으로 하여 인공교배 하였다. 2008년에 F1을 양성한 후 2009~2010년에 집단으로 F2~F3를 전개하였다. 2011~2012년에는 F4-F5 계통에서 출수가 다소 빠르고 한해와 도복에 강하면서 다수성인 계통을 선발하였다. 선발된 우량계통을 2013년에는 생산력검정 예비선발시험(Observational yield trial, OYT)으로 시험 후 우량시 되는 IC07018-B-B-7-1 계통을 선발하였다. 선발된 이 계통은 2년간 생산력검정시험(2014~2015)후 우수성이 인정되어 ‘전주498호’로 계통명을 부여 받아 2016년~2018년까지 3년간 경기 수원, 강원 춘천, 충북 청주, 전북 전주, 경북 대구 등 5개 지역에서 지역적응시험을 수행하였다(RDA 2016, 2017, 2018). 그 결과, 보리호위축병 및 한해에 강하면서 다수성이고 폴리페놀 함량이 높은 우수계통으로 입증되어 2018년 농작물 직무육성 신품종선정심의회에서 ‘한강’으로 명명되었다. 그 후 국립종자원의 재배심사를 거쳐 2021년 식물신품종보호법 제43조에 따라 품종보호등록원부에 등록(품종보호 제 8773호) 되었다. 육성 경위를 도식화하면 Fig. 1과 같다.
고유특성
‘한강’은 Table 1 에서 보는 바와 같이 이삭의 밀도가 빽빽한 밀수형이고 까락이 긴 장망형이면서 이삭조성은 6조인 보리이다. 파성은 Ⅲ으로, 즉 추파형으로 나타났다. ‘한강’의 줄기 굵기는 중간 정도였으며 엽색 및 줄기색은 녹색, 엽 길이는 짧고, 폭이 중간형으로 올보리와 비슷한 특성을 나타냈다.
농업적 형질 및 재해 저항성
‘한강’의 출수기는 4월 22일로 표준품종인 ‘올보리’보다 1일 빨랐으나 성숙기는 5월 30일로 ‘올보리’와 같았으며(Table 2), 성숙기 사진은 Fig. 2와 같다. ‘한강’의 생육 및 수량구성요소는 Table 2에서 보는 바와 같다. 간장은 81 cm로 83 cm인 ‘올보리’보다 작았고 쓰러짐에도 강하였다. 이삭의 길이는 4.6 cm로 4.3 cm인 ‘올보리’보다 컸고, ㎡당 수수는 669개로 ‘올보리’보다 많았으나 통계적인 유의성은 없었다. 1수립수는 54립으로 ‘올보리’보다 많았다. 천립중은 33.5 g으로 ‘올보리’(34.7 g)에 비해 1.2 g 적었고, 리터중은 711 g으로 ‘올보리’와 비슷한 수준으로 나타났다.
내한성은 경기도 연천 시험포장에서 월동기간 한해(추위)정도를 검정하였고(RDA 2016, 2017, 2018), 그 결과는 Table 3에서 보는 바와 같다. ‘한강’의 월동 후 고사주율은 통계적 유의성은 없었으나 고휴 재배에서 40.0%, 저휴 재배인 표준재배에서 3.7%로 ‘올보리’(고휴 60.3%, 저휴 8.3%)보다 고사율이 낮은 경향을 나타냈고 2018년도 강원도 춘천 시험 포장 월동 후 생육광경(Fig. 3)에서 확인할 수 있는 바와 같이 ‘올보리’보다 ‘한강’의 월동 후 고사 개체수가 적었다. ‘한강’의 도복 정도는 시험재배포장에서 3으로 ‘올보리’(4) 보다 강하였다. 흰가루병은 보리에서 주된 수량 감소 원인의 병해로 식물체가 병원균에 감염될 시 잎 표면에 하얀 균사체를 생성하여 영양분을 흡수하고 광합성 및 증산작용을 방해하여 생육과 출수를 지연시키는데(Priehradný 1973), ‘한강’은 ‘올보리’와 같이 감수성으로 판명되었다. 보리호위축병(BaYMV)은 토양으로 전염되는 바이러스병으로 지역별로 바이러스 strain이 다른 것으로 보고되고 있으며, 감염 시 잎에 황색 모자이크 병반 발생이 대표적 병징으로 나타나고, 이후 출수기가 지연되어 품종 저항성정도에 따라 40~100%의 수량 감소를 야기한다(Frahm 1989, So 1991). ‘한강’은 보리호위축병 상습발생 검정시험포장인 익산(strain Ⅲ형)에서 2로 조사되어 3인 ‘올보리’보다 강한 저항성을 보였고 나주(strain Ⅰ), 진주(strain Ⅳ)에서는 모두 0이었다.
품질특성
‘한강’의 품질 특성은 Table 4에서 보는 바와 같다. 단백질, 베타글루칸, 아밀로스 함량은 각각 10.7%, 4.6%, 18.8%로 통계적 유의성 없이 ‘올보리’(11.3%, 4.8%, 18.6%)와 비슷한 수준으로 나타났다. ‘한강’의 폴리페놀 함량은 1.69 mg/g으로 ‘올보리’(1.48 mg/g)보다 유의하게 높았다. 페놀성 화합물인 폴리페놀은 식물체가 함유하고 있는 2차 대사산물 중 하나로 한 분자 내 2개의 phenolic hydroxyl (OH)기를 가지는 구조적 특징을 통해 큰 분자들과 쉽게 결합 가능하여 생체에서 발생하는 활성산소를 소거하는 생리활성 기능이 있어 이를 통한 항산화, 항염증, 항암 등의 효과를 기대할 수 있는 기능성 물질이다(Vermerris & Nicholson 2007, Zillich et al. 2015).
수량성
2016년부터 2018년까지 3개년간 실시한 지역적응시험(RDA 2016, 2017, 2018) 결과, ‘한강’의 지역별 수량성은 Table 5에서 보는 바와 같이 전작 재배 지역인 수원, 춘천, 청주 3개 지역 평균은 611 kg/10a로 표준품종인 ‘올보리’(531 kg/10a)보다 유의하게 수량이 높았고, 답리작 재배 지역인 전주, 대구 2개 지역 평균은 502 kg/10a으로 431 kg/10a인 ‘올보리’ 보다 높은 경향이었으나 유의성은 없었다. 전작과 답리작 전체 평균 수량은 ‘한강’ 567 kg/10a, ‘올보리’ 491 kg/10a로 ‘한강’의 수량이 유의하게 높았으며 표준품종 대비 총 15% 증수하였다.
최근 월동기 이상기온 현상에 따라 재배 안정성이 강화된 즉, 추위(한해)에 강하며 다수성인 겉보리 품종개발이 필요한 상황이다. ‘한강’은 내한성이 높고 보리호위축병 저항성이며 다수성인 겉보리이다. ‘한강’은 파성 Ⅲ의 추파형 겉보리이며 이삭 조성 및 형태는 6조, 밀수형이고 까락은 긴 장망형이다. 출수기는 4월 22일로 표준품종인 ‘올보리’(4월 23일)에 비해 1일 빨랐고 성숙기는 5월 30일로 ‘올보리’(5월 30일)와 비슷하였다. 간장은 81 cm로 ‘올보리’ 대비 2 cm 작았고 도복에 강하였으며, 수장은 4.6 cm로 길고 1수립수(54개)가 많았으나 천립중은 33.5 g으로 ‘올보리’(34.7 g)에 비하여 다소 가벼웠다. 보리호위축병은 ‘올보리’보다 저항성이었으며, 내한성 정도는 통계적 유의성은 없었으나 ‘올보리’와 비교하였을 때 월동 후 고사율이 낮은 경향이 관찰되었다. 단백질(10.7%)과 베타글루칸(4.6%) 그리고 아밀로스(18.8%) 함량은 ‘올보리’와 비슷하였으나 폴리페놀 함량(1.69 mg/g)은 높았다. 조곡 수량성은 전작재배에서 611 kg/10a, 답리작재배에서 502 kg/10a의 수량성을 나타냈으며, 전작과 답리작 전체 평균 수량은 567 kg/10a로 ‘올보리’(491 kg/10a) 대비 15% 증수하였다. 이 품종은 내한성 다수성 겉보리로 경기 및 강원지역에서도 안정 생산이 가능한 품종으로 보급이 기대된다.
본 연구는 농촌진흥청 국립식량과학원 농업과학기술 연구개발사업[과제명: 보리 용도별 신품종 개발 및 품질향상 연구(3단계), 과제번호: PJ015004012023]의 지원에 의해 이루어진 것이며, 본 연구를 위해 함께 해주신 각 도원 분들과 농촌진흥청 육종가 분들께 감사의 마음을 전합니다.
Fig. 1
Pedigree diagram of covered barley cultivar, ‘Hangang’.
KJBS-55-156-f1.tif
Fig. 2
Comparison of some traits in ‘Hangang’ (Left) and ‘Olbori’ (Right). A: Plant of maturing stage, B: Grain shape.
KJBS-55-156-f2.tif
Fig. 3
Comparison of growth after wintering in ‘Hangang’ (A) and ‘Olbori’ (B).
KJBS-55-156-f3.tif
Table 1
Vernalization and morphological characteristics of ‘Hangang’.
Table 1
Cultivar Vernalizationz Grain
husk		 Leaf Culm Spike Awn
Length
Color Width size Color Diameter Type Density
Hangang Ⅲ Covered Green Medium Green Medium 6-rowed Compact Long
Olboriy Ⅳ Covered Green Medium Green Medium 6-rowed Compact Long

zVernalization type: Ⅲ, Ⅳ(fall type).

y‘Olbori’ is a check cultivar to comparing to the characteristics of ‘Hangang’. These properties were investigated in paddy field condition at Jeonju region.

Table 2
Agronomic characteristics of ‘Hangang’ cultivated in Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongju, Jeonju and Daegu regions from 2016 to 2018.
Table 2
Cultivar Heading date (Mon. Day) Maturity date (Mon. Day) Culm length (cm) Spike length (cm) No. of spike per m2 No. of grains per spike Test weight (g/L) 1,000 grain weight (g)
Hangang Apr.22 May 30 81* 4.6* 669ns 54* 711ns 33.5*
Olbori Apr.23 May 30 83 4.3 641 50 714 34.7

ns and * mean no significant and significant difference at α=0.05 by t-test, respectively.

Table 3
Winter hardiness, lodging tolerance and BaYMV resistance of cultivar ‘Hangang’ tested in Yeoncheon, Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongju, Jeonju, Daegu, Naju, Iksan and Jinju regions from 2016 to 2018.
Table 3
Cultivar Winter withering ratez (%) Lodging (0~9) Powdery mildewy BaYMVx (0~9)
Normal High ridge Infection type Naju (Ⅰ) Iksan (Ⅲ) Jinju (Ⅳ)
Hangang 3.7ns 40.0ns 3 Susceptible 0 2 0
Olbori 8.3 60.3 4 Susceptible 0 3 0

zData tested at Yeoncheon.

yDisease incidence induced natural infection at plastic house at Jeonju for three years.

xInvestigation at viral infested field for three years (0: Resistance, 9: Susceptible). BaYMV means viral disease by Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus.

nsmeans no significant at p<0.05 by t-test.

Table 4
Grain qualities of ‘Hangang’.
Table 4
Cultivar Protein content (%) β-glucan content (%) Amylose content (%) Polyphenol (mg/g)
Hangang 10.7ns 4.6ns 18.8ns 1.69*
Olbori 11.3 4.8 18.6 1.48

ns and * mean no significant and significant difference at α=0.05 by t-test, respectively.

Table 5
Yield potential of ‘Hangang’ in the regional yield trials (RYT) tested in Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongju, Jeonju and Daegu regions from 2016 to 2018.
Table 5
Field Region Hangang (kg/10a) Olbori (kg/10a) Index (A÷B)×100
2016 2017 2018 Mean(A) 2016 2017 2018 Mean(B)
Upland Suwon 984 702 740 809 775 700 671 715 113
Chuncheon 488 471 503 487 430 372 404 402 121
Cheongju 625 550 437 537 588 445 398 477 113
Mean 699 574 562 611* 598 506 491 531 115
Paddy Jeonju 424 617 391 477 409 591 346 449 106
Daegu 434 614 529 526 355 388 494 412 128
Mean 429 616 460 502ns 382 490 420 431 116
Total mean 591 591 520 567* 511 499 463 491 115

ns and * mean no significant and significant difference at α=0.05 by t-test, respectively.

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Development of Covered Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar, ‘Hangang’ with Resistance to Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus and Tolerance to Cold
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2023;55(2):156-162.   Published online June 1, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2023.55.2.156
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Development of Covered Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar, ‘Hangang’ with Resistance to Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus and Tolerance to Cold
Korean. J. Breed. Sci.. 2023;55(2):156-162.   Published online June 1, 2023
DOI: https://doi.org/10.9787/KJBS.2023.55.2.156
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Development of Covered Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar, ‘Hangang’ with Resistance to Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus and Tolerance to Cold
Image Image Image
Fig. 1 Pedigree diagram of covered barley cultivar, ‘Hangang’.
Fig. 2 Comparison of some traits in ‘Hangang’ (Left) and ‘Olbori’ (Right). A: Plant of maturing stage, B: Grain shape.
Fig. 3 Comparison of growth after wintering in ‘Hangang’ (A) and ‘Olbori’ (B).

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Development of Covered Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Cultivar, ‘Hangang’ with Resistance to Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus and Tolerance to Cold

Vernalization and morphological characteristics of ‘Hangang’.

Cultivar Vernalizationz Grain
husk		 Leaf Culm Spike Awn
Length
Color Width size Color Diameter Type Density
Hangang Ⅲ Covered Green Medium Green Medium 6-rowed Compact Long
Olboriy Ⅳ Covered Green Medium Green Medium 6-rowed Compact Long

Agronomic characteristics of ‘Hangang’ cultivated in Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongju, Jeonju and Daegu regions from 2016 to 2018.

Cultivar Heading date (Mon. Day) Maturity date (Mon. Day) Culm length (cm) Spike length (cm) No. of spike per m2 No. of grains per spike Test weight (g/L) 1,000 grain weight (g)
Hangang Apr.22 May 30 81* 4.6* 669ns 54* 711ns 33.5*
Olbori Apr.23 May 30 83 4.3 641 50 714 34.7

Winter hardiness, lodging tolerance and BaYMV resistance of cultivar ‘Hangang’ tested in Yeoncheon, Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongju, Jeonju, Daegu, Naju, Iksan and Jinju regions from 2016 to 2018.

Cultivar Winter withering ratez (%) Lodging (0~9) Powdery mildewy BaYMVx (0~9)
Normal High ridge Infection type Naju (Ⅰ) Iksan (Ⅲ) Jinju (Ⅳ)
Hangang 3.7ns 40.0ns 3 Susceptible 0 2 0
Olbori 8.3 60.3 4 Susceptible 0 3 0

Grain qualities of ‘Hangang’.

Cultivar Protein content (%) β-glucan content (%) Amylose content (%) Polyphenol (mg/g)
Hangang 10.7ns 4.6ns 18.8ns 1.69*
Olbori 11.3 4.8 18.6 1.48

Yield potential of ‘Hangang’ in the regional yield trials (RYT) tested in Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongju, Jeonju and Daegu regions from 2016 to 2018.

Field Region Hangang (kg/10a) Olbori (kg/10a) Index (A÷B)×100
2016 2017 2018 Mean(A) 2016 2017 2018 Mean(B)
Upland Suwon 984 702 740 809 775 700 671 715 113
Chuncheon 488 471 503 487 430 372 404 402 121
Cheongju 625 550 437 537 588 445 398 477 113
Mean 699 574 562 611* 598 506 491 531 115
Paddy Jeonju 424 617 391 477 409 591 346 449 106
Daegu 434 614 529 526 355 388 494 412 128
Mean 429 616 460 502ns 382 490 420 431 116
Total mean 591 591 520 567* 511 499 463 491 115
Table 1 Vernalization and morphological characteristics of ‘Hangang’.

zVernalization type: Ⅲ, Ⅳ(fall type).

y‘Olbori’ is a check cultivar to comparing to the characteristics of ‘Hangang’. These properties were investigated in paddy field condition at Jeonju region.

Table 2 Agronomic characteristics of ‘Hangang’ cultivated in Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongju, Jeonju and Daegu regions from 2016 to 2018.

ns and * mean no significant and significant difference at α=0.05 by t-test, respectively.

Table 3 Winter hardiness, lodging tolerance and BaYMV resistance of cultivar ‘Hangang’ tested in Yeoncheon, Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongju, Jeonju, Daegu, Naju, Iksan and Jinju regions from 2016 to 2018.

zData tested at Yeoncheon.

yDisease incidence induced natural infection at plastic house at Jeonju for three years.

xInvestigation at viral infested field for three years (0: Resistance, 9: Susceptible). BaYMV means viral disease by Barley Yellow Mosaic Virus.

nsmeans no significant at p<0.05 by t-test.

Table 4 Grain qualities of ‘Hangang’.

ns and * mean no significant and significant difference at α=0.05 by t-test, respectively.

Table 5 Yield potential of ‘Hangang’ in the regional yield trials (RYT) tested in Suwon, Chuncheon, Cheongju, Jeonju and Daegu regions from 2016 to 2018.

ns and * mean no significant and significant difference at α=0.05 by t-test, respectively.

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