Fusarium head blight (FHB) causes yield reduction, quality deterioration, and mycotoxin contamination in wheat, highlighting the need for resistant wheat varieties. In this study, we evaluated FHB resistance genes and infection rates in 44 domestic wheat varieties. Among them, 42 had the Type I resistance gene Fhb4, 37 had Fhb5, and 35 possessed both. For Type II resistance, 14 had Fhb1, 11 had Fhb2, and five had both. Twenty cultivars had both type I and type II resistance genes, and among them, Chungkye, Dahong, Gobun, Namhae, and Ol had all of the Fhb1, Fhb2, Fhb4, and Fhb5 genes. The average infection rate over three years was 42.6% in cases with both Type I and Type II resistance genes and 44.3% in cases without Type II resistance genes. The infection rate was very high in 2020 and very low in 2021, complicating the analysis of the three-year average. However, when the infection rate was evenly distributed in 2019, there was a tendency for increased resistance among the varieties carrying Type II resistance genes. This suggested that external factors may influence infection rates, emphasizing the need for a precise evaluation system suitable for selecting additional resistance genes. In addition, it is necessary to develop resistant varieties suited to the domestic environment through additional resistance gene selection and integration of resistance genes. This study contributes to understanding FHB resistance genes in domestic wheat varieties and developing resistant domestic wheat varieties.

This study aimed to delineate the seed transfer zone of Pinus densiflora. After generating transfer functions based on growth characteristic data from 10 pine test sites for 36 seed sources and six bioclimatic variables, the critical seed transfer distance for each climate variable was calculated. Based on our results, seed transfer zones were delineated by overlaying maps for all climate variables. In the pine provenance test, seeds from eastern Korea generally showed superior growth at each test site. Temperature-related variables accounted for a higher proportion of the selected bioclimatic variables than precipitation-related variables. Additionally, warm-to-cold seed transfer in eastern Korea and cold-to-warm seed transfer in central and southern Korea were overestimated, widening the seed-transfer zone. Examining the long-term growth of the trees, introducing additional variables, and applying a model with a higher level of rationality to the transfer function are necessary for delineating the optimal seed-transfer zone.

Multi-stem Korean red pine (Pinus densiflora f. multicaulis Uyeki) is known as the forma of Korean red pine and is distributed in both Korea and Japan. Unlike Korean red pine having one or two main stems, it grows with many stems which are branched from the lower part of the tree trunk. Owing to its unique stem shape and ornamental value, it has been used as a precious ornamental tree. A total of 14 individuals with distinct characteristics were collected between 1998 and 2000 to develop new cultivars in Pinus spp. with high added value. After asexual propagation through grafting, at least 20 seedlings per tree were planted in a test field and the phenotypic characteristics were investigated. Based on the results, three individuals were re-selected and tested for uniformity and stability for 3 years. Finally, one individual with evident conical crown form was renamed as ‘Yedasol’ and was registered as a new cultivar in 2021. In addition, ‘Yedasol’ has high ornamental value derived from its thinly cracked gray-brown bark, soft needle leaf, reddish-purple male strobilus, and dense cone arrangement (Registration No. 255).

To improve the seed purity management system of Korean wheat cultivars, 50 Korean wheat cultivars were subjected to chemical assays for grain color, genotyping of grain weight-related genes, and grain image analysis. The tested cultivars were primarily classified by NaOH and ninhydrin tests as white (26%) and red (74%) cultivars, as well as high PPO activity (48%), and low PPO activity (52%) cultivars, respectively. The allelic variations of Tamyb10 gene revealed Tamyb-A1a/Tamyb-B1a/Tamyb-D1a as the major allelic combination in white wheat and five different Tamyb10 genotypes (i.e., aba, abb, baa, bba, and bbb) in red wheat. Those cultivars with high PPO activity possessed the Ppo-A1a/Ppo-B1b/Ppo-D1b genotype, while those with low PPO activity possessed the Ppo-A1b/Ppo-B1a/Ppo-D1a genotype. In the grain image analysis, long grain cultivars displayed increased grain width, circularity, and area. Based on cluster analysis of grain traits, the Korean wheat cultivars were classified into two groups - 1) large red grain cultivars released before 2000, and 2) small red grain cultivars and white wheat cultivars released after 2000. Further research is required to determine the effects of grain filling conditions on the grain characteristics of Korean wheat cultivars and to develop efficient and reliable molecular markers for an improved seed purity management system.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of starch properties on the texture of cooked noodles from Korean wheat. The genetic composition of GBSS I (granule bound starch synthase I, called waxy protein) and puroindoline, which affect the amylose content and kernel hardness, was also evaluated. Waxy wheats carrying Wx-1 null alleles showed clearly different starch properties, high swelling power, pasting viscosity, breakdown and paste clarity, unsuitable texture of cooked noodles, and low hardness and springiness. Two partial waxy soft wheats carrying single or double null alleles at the Wx-1 locus gene, and Pina-D1a and Pinb-D1a alleles exhibited a softer and higher elasticity texture of the cooked noodles than Korean wheats carrying wild-type Wx-1 null alleles. There were no significant differences in the starch properties and texture of cooked noodles according to the puroindoline composition. A principal component analysis showed a strong negative relationship between the amylose content and starch swelling power, and these traits also improved the springiness and cohesiveness of the cooked noodles prepared from non-waxy Korean wheat. Joongmo2012, a double null partial waxy wheat, showed higher starch swelling power and springiness of the cooked noodles than other non-waxy Korean wheats.

This study was performed to evaluate the characteristics of wheat flour and sourdough bread quality of five Korean bread wheat cultivars, hard red winter wheat (HRW), and T55 (a French commercial wheat flour). Among the cultivars assessed, the protein and gluten contents and SDS-sedimentation values of Joongmo2008 were the highest, Keumkang were similar to those of HRW, and those of the Baekkang, Jokyung, and Hwanggeum were similar to those of T55. Joongmo 2008 and Keumkang had glutenin contents similar to those of HRW and T55, whereas Baekkang and Hwanggeum had higher HMW-GS (high molecular weight-glutenin subunit) and lower LMW-GS (low molecular weight-glutenin subunit) contents than HRW and T55. The α+β gliadin contents of Jungmo2008 and Keumkang were higher than those of other varieties and similar to those of HRW, whereas the γ- and ω-gliadin contents of Baekkang and Hwanggeum were similar to those of T55. Mixolab analysis revealed that Joongmo2008 and Keumkang had water absorption and kneading characteristics similar to those of HRW, and that Baekkang, Hwanngeum, and Jokyung showed characteristics similar to those of T55. Campagne and baguettes prepared using Korean wheat flour were similar in appearance to those prepared using T55 or HRW, the bread volume of campagne bread was smaller than that of T55, and the volume of baguettes were similar to that of T55. Joongmo2008 showed a higher bread volume than other Korean wheat cultivars, which was similar to that of HRW. The quality of sourdough bread prepared from Korean wheat flour was similar to that made with commercial flour, although the bread prepared using Joongmo2008 was found to be superior to that prepared using the flour of other Korean wheat cultivars.

The regeneration rate of plantlets cultivated via tissue culture is an important factor for wheat transformation. Similar to other monocotyledons, the most efficient tissue culture materials for wheat are immature embryos. However, stable year-round production of immature embryos is not possible in the field where various stress factors co-exist. In this study, we investigated the generation and subsequent plantlet incident rates of callus induced from immature embryos obtained from different sowing times in 2020 and compared these among wheat cultivars. We found that the rates of regeneration and plantlet incidence obtained using immature embryos of the Ariheuk cultivar were higher than those of other domestic cultivars, and that the tissue culture efficiency was similar to that of Bobwhite, which has been established as a cultivar with excellent transformation efficiency. Furthermore, the Baekkang cultivar showed high tissue culture efficiency only when sown from early to mid-March, whereas Keumkang showed higher tissue cultivation efficiency only by sowing in mid- and late February. Among the five cultivars assessed in this study, Jopum showed the lowest tissue culture efficiency. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will contribute to enhancing the transformation efficiency of domestic wheat varieties.

An advanced F₈ population was derived from a cross between the hard wheat cultivar “Keumkang” carrying Pinb-D1b and the soft wheat cultivar “Olgeuru” carrying Pinb-D1a. A breeding line named “Hetero”, which exhibited the heterozygous-like Pinb-D1a/Pinb-D1b genotype, was selected by sequence analysis and KASP (Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR) assay. Physicochemical and processing characteristics of flour were tested in the Hetero line and compared with the two parental cultivars for two years. Hetero display a Glu-1 composition similar to Keumkang and a Glu-3 composition intermediate between Keumkang and Olgeuru. Contrary to the expectation that Hetero carrying the Pinb-D1a/Pinb-D1b genotype would exhibit an intermediate phenotype between the two parents, its overall flour physicochemical characteristics were more similar to Keumkang than to Olgeuru. The flour yield of Hetero (71.6%) was lower than that of Keumkang (74.5%). However, the flour particle size (73.3 μm) and damaged starch content (4.6%) of Hetero were similar to those of Keumkang (71.9 μm and 4.5%). The protein content (16.5%) and sodium dodecyl sulfate-sedimentation volume (72.8 mL) of Hetero were higher than those of Keumkang (14.0% and 57.5 mL) and Olgeuru (11.4% and 45.5 mL). The mixograph water absorption (68.7%) and mixing tolerance (17.7 mm) values of Hetero were higher than those of Keumkang (65.6% and 15.9 mm) with the same mixing time of 3.9 min. The bread loaf volume of Hetero was lower than that of Keumkang (866.7 vs. 894.7 mL). The cooked noodles hardness of Hetero was higher than that of Keumkang (5.9 vs. 4.7 N).

The
objective
of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) of spike length by association analysis with 94 doubled haploid wheat lines derived from Keumkang and Olgeuru. Days to heading date, culm length, spike length, and kernels per spike were evaluated in 2017 and 2018 in upland conditions. Culm length and spike length were biased short culm length and spike length (skewness=0.2 and 1.5, respectively). Kernel number per spike was biased low kernel number per spike (skewness=0.8). A genetic map was constructed with 170 microsatellite marker loci. One QTL was detected for spike length. The QTL on chromosome 4A, qSL-1 was detected by Xwmc283 and Xbarc327 explained 44.3% of the phenotypic variation. The QTL was applied to validate the relationship between genotypes of QTL and 29 Korean wheat cultivars grown for nine years under upland conditions. Korean wheat cultivars were classified into 5 types based on the combination of the two SSR markers. In Korean wheat cultivars, genotype b at Xbarc327, which was homozygous to Keumkang, had a shorter spike length (7.48 cm) than genotype c, which was different from the genotypes of Keumkang and Olgeuru, (8.45 cm). The two Korean wheat cultivars with genotypes ac at Xwmc283 and Xbarc327 had longer spike length (8.45 cm) than genotypes ba and bb (<7.42 cm).

Studies on forest tree breeding (FTB) in South Korea started in the 1950s and have achieved remarkable outcomes through various techniques and methods such as selective breeding, cross breeding, introduction breeding, and biotechnology. Despite these outstanding achievements, no attempt has been made to
objective
ly and quantitatively evaluate the results of domestic FTB research. Here, we quantitatively analyzed past research trends using keywords of published journal papers and compared the current domestic research level of FTB with the international level. Using various keywords in this field, we searched for research articles published in the Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science, the Korean Journal of Breeding Science, and the journals listed on the Science Citation Index from 1962 to present. The analysis of these studies showed that the research on FTB has grown quantitatively in Korea, and has been conducted on various subjects. Research topics from Korea, in terms of purpose and species, are not significantly different from those of foreign countries. The genus Pinus has been the major subject of FTB studies both domestically and internationally. However, in foreign FTB research, the trees used for research have diversified each year, while they were not diverse in Korea. The FTB research capacity of Korean national institutions, such as the National Institute of Forest Science, continues to dramatically increase, while the research capacity of universities is relatively low. Based on the results of this analysis, it is necessary to establish a concrete and effective policy for future research and development of FTB.

Artificial selection of ginseng has been practiced since Hwangsook (with yellow pericarp and a green stalk, and was developed from a landrace parent) and Cheonggyeong (with red pericarp) were selected as breeding lines in 1926. Systematic research into ginseng breeding, however, started in earnest in the 1960s when the Central Research Institute of Monopoly and Technology (CRIMT) was established, and the Korean Ginseng Experiment Station was organized under the CRIMT. Research into variant characteristics, resource collections, and genetic evaluations began around this time. With the establishment of the Korean Ginseng Institute in the 1970s, studies involving pedigree selection, cataloguing of agricultural traits of genetic resources, generation shortening by tissue culture, and heritability assessments were conducted. In the 1980s, regional adaptation tests were carried out on breeding lines, focusing on ginseng-producing districts. In the 1990s, research was performed on seed multiplication for variety diffusion, effective components and processing quality, and cross breeding. Foreign ginsengs were introduced for interspecies hybridization, and studies were conducted using genetic engineering techniques. Since the 2000s, applications have been made to patent different ginseng cultivars. Currently, 32 cultivars are registered at the Korea Seed & Variety Service. Future goals for ginseng breeding include developing climate change- and disaster-resistant, consumer-oriented, high-performance cultivars. Therefore, it is necessary to develop technologies for distributing new cultivars by collecting and evaluating genetic resources, and cross breeding and performing mass propagation using these resources.

Association analysis was conducted to identify quantitative trait locus (QTL) of yield potential traits, days to heading date, culm length, spike length and kernels per spike in the genetic mapping population (94 F₁₀ recombinant inbred line) produced from a cross between two Korean wheat cultivars, Taejoong which has a large kernel number line, a longer spike length, and a higher kernel number per spike and Keumkang. Yield potential traits, days to heading date, culm length, spike length and kernels per spike were evaluated in 2017 and 2018 under upland conditions. Days to heading date were biased toward late heading date (skewness=-0.3), and spike length was biased toward short spike length (skewness=0.7). A genetic map was constructed with 57 microsatellite marker loci and two QTLs were detected for spike length. The first QTL on chromosome 2A, qSL-1 was detected by Xcfd5 and Xpsp3050 and explained 20.7% of phenotypic variation. The second QTL on chromosome 5B, qSL-2 was detected by Xwmc656 and Xwmc415 and explained 40.8% of phenotypic variation. These QTLs were applied to validate the relationships between genotypes of QTLs and 29 Korean wheat cultivars cultivated for nine years, from 2010 to 2018. The Korean wheat cultivars were classified into 6 types according to the genotypes of Xcfd5-Xpsp3050 and Xwmc656-Xwmc415. The same genotypes as Keumkang showed a higher frequency and shorter spike length than that of Taejoong in Korean wheat cultivars.

Starch properties of 32 Korean barley cultivars (Hordeum vulgare L.) were evaluated to improve the Korean barley breeding program. The average amylose content of non-waxy barley cultivars was approximately 3.5 times higher than that of waxy barley cultivars. Furthermore, non-waxy barley cultivars showed lower damaged starch content, water retention capacity, swelling volume, swelling power, and peak viscosity than waxy barley cultivars, while they showed bigger average starch granule size and higher final viscosity. Among Korean barley cultivars, the amylose content showed a positive correlation with damaged starch content, water retention capacity, swelling volume and power, and peak viscosity, while showing a negative correlation with pasting temperature and final viscosity. Among non-waxy barley cultivars, the amylose content showed a positive correlation with damaged starch content, but correlation with swelling power, peak viscosity, pasting temperature, and final viscosity was negative. Among waxy barley cultivars, the amylose content showed negative correlation with peak viscosity. There were positive correlations between swelling volume and peak viscosity among Korean barley and waxy barley cultivars. Also, there were positive correlations between swelling power and peak viscosity among Korean barley and non-waxy barley cultivars. Principal Components Analysis revealed that amylose content and peak viscosity are the main factors affecting starch properties of Korean non-waxy barley cultivars, and Korean non-waxy barley cultivars can be classified into two groups with these two factors. Water retention capacity and peak viscosity are the main factors affecting starch properties of waxy barley cultivars and classify them into two groups. The starch properties of Korean barley cultivars demonstrated in this study are useful to improve end-use quality for processed foods using barley. In addition, the continuous qualitative evaluation of barley is very important for the Korean barley breeding program.

The flour physiochemical properties and end-use quality of wheat were evaluated to identify the effect of high temperature (HT) during grain maturation. HT caused a decrease in the width and thickness of grains. However, HT did not affect the grain weight, volume, length, test weight and 1,000-kernel weight in Korean wheat cultivars. Although HT marginally affected the general flour physiochemical properties and gluten composition, the effects were not significant. Based on the results of the evaluation of end-use quality, the effect of HT on the end-use quality was not significant. Nevertheless, the allelic composition was related to the quantity and quality of grain under HT conditions. In Korean wheat cultivars containing Glu-D1d and -D1f alleles, the 1,000-kernel weight was decreased by HT. In addition, Glu-D1f was more sensitive to HT than was Glu-D1d. The proportion of the y-type high-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) was decreased by HT in Korean wheat cultivars containing the Glu-A1ab allele, and was increased in cultivars containing the Glu-B3d allele. Furthermore, the proportions of gliadin and low-molecular-weight glutenin subunits (LMW-GSs) were decreased by HT in Korean wheat cultivars containing Glu-A1ab or Glu-B3ahi alleles.

Molecular markers of doubled-haploid (DH) and long spike Korean wheat cultivar populations were evaluated to improve the yield potential of Korean wheat breeding programs by improving the tiller numbers. In Korean wheat cultivars, the tiller number was affected more by vernalization (Vrn) and photoperiod (Ppd) than by tiller inhibition gene (tin) and fertile tiller inhibition gene (ftin). Also, it was negatively correlated with the yield. In DH lines, the tiller number was significantly affected by neither the tiller inhibition genes nor Vrn and Ppd. Additionally, it was not significantly correlated with the yield. However, the adaptability of both SSR markers, Xgpw2206 and Xgwm247, was higher in the DH lines than in the other populations. In the long spike population, the tiller number differed according to the Ppd-D1 allele, affecting the yield. In this study, genes and molecular markers related to the tiller number, as described in previous studies, might be difficult to use to evaluate the tiller number and yield of the Korean wheat population. Hence, continuous study is necessary to develop molecular markers suitable for improving the tiller number and yield of Korean wheat cultivars.

This study was carried out to investigate the variation of 12 isoflavone components among 172 Korean soybean varieties released from 1913 to 2013. Cluster analysis was performed to classify the varieties based on the variation of isoflavone contents. Total isoflavone contents ranged from 206.3 μg/g to 2666.2 μg/g with an average of 837.2 μg/g. By each component, malonylgenistin content ranged from 99.2 μg/g to 1149.1 μg/g with the highest average of 390.0 μg/g, and glycitein content ranged from 0.1 μg/g to 2.4 μg/g with the lowest average of 0.8 μg/g. Among composition groups, the aglycone group contents ranged from 2.2 μg/g to 33.1 μg/g with the lowest average of 10.0 μg/g, and glucoside group contents ranged from 36.9 μg/g to 801.8 μg/g with an average of 202.4 μg/g. The malonylglucoside group contents ranged from 143.6 μg/g to 1796.4 μg/g with the highest average of 599.1 μg/g and acetylglucoside group contents ranged from 3.7 μg/g to 103.9 μg/g with an average of 27.5 μg/g. Varieties with high total isoflavone content were Aga8(2666.2 μg/g), Aga4(2569.3 μg/g), and Aga9(2345.0 μg/g) in bean sprouts group. The low total isoflavone content were observed from Deawang(328.8 μg/g) in soy sauce and paste group, Hanol(599.3 μg/g) in vegetable and early maturity group and Gemjeong1(664.1 μg/g) in cooking with rice group. The first three principal component axises accounted for 89.14% of the total variation observed. Dendrogram constructed using average linkage cluster method revealed that 172 Korean soybean varieties were divided into seven groups with the average distance of 0.8 between groups. The group Ⅰ includes 57.6% of the total varieties, which was the largest group among seven groups, followed by the group Ⅱ that includes 35.5% of the total varieties. However, the other groups were small groups containing less than five varieties. In comparison among the total isoflavone contents according to groups, the highest isoflavone content was observed in group Ⅵ with an average of 2526.9 μg/g, followed by group Ⅳ(1546.6 μg/g) and group Ⅴ(1503.5 μg/g). The others were found to contain low isoflavone content.

Hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) exceeds about 30% of the world’s cereal production and cultivated over 220 million ha worldwide. Heat stress during the grain filling period gives detrimental effect on crop yields and has emerged as a serious problem throughout the world. Korean wheat cultivars that were released since 1960s were developed for various aims such as winter hardness, earliness, and pest resistance, etc. However, heat stress resistance is an emerging target for wheat breeding nowadays. Selected 11 Korean wheat cultivars (“Baegjoong”, “Dajung”, “Goso”, “Hanbaek”, “Jokyung”, “Joeun”, “Jopum”, “Keumgang”, “Olgeuru”, “Sinmichal”, “Uri”) were exposed to high temperature from DAF (days after flowering) 9~13. In this study, plant responses to heat stress as measured by reduction ratios of total chlorophyll contents, 100 seed weight, shoot dry weight can be translated into degree of tolerance. Therefore, these parameters can be used in wheat breeding for heat tolerance during grain filling period. The obtained results allow us to classify cultivars for heat stress tolerance. Pedigree information of Korean cultivars was shown that wheat line of either tolerant, moderate tolerant, or susceptible trait is succeeded to their descendent, which enable breeders to develop heat stress tolerant wheat by appropriate parental choice.

Yellow alkaline noodles were prepared with various Korean wheat cultivars including different protein and amylose contents and made from two types of noodle machines. Korean food companies and restaurants generally used noodle machine made in Korea, whereas research institutes mainly practiced with noodle machine made in Japan. Noodle dough sheet from Korean machine showed 5% higher water absorption and 30 min shorter resting period than the noodle dough from Japanese machine because of the difference of size and weight of roller in two types of the machines. In 15 Korean wheat cultivars, thickness of noodle dough sheet was positively correlated with protein content and mixograph water absorption regardless of both types of the machines. Cooked noodles from Korean machine showed higher hardness and lower springiness than noodles from Japanese noodle machine, but difference in cohesiveness of cooked noodles was not found between two different noodle machines. In the three Korean wheat cultivars with different protein content, thickness of noodle dough sheet was also positively correlated with protein content, SDS sedimentation volume and mixing time of mixograph in both types of the machines. The more protein content increased, the more hardness of cooked noodles increased regardless of both types of the machines. However, springiness and cohesiveness of cooked noodles were not significantly correlated with protein content. In waxy and partial waxy wheat cultivars, lightness of noodle dough sheet from Korean noodle machine positively correlated with amylose content. Amylose content and setback in pasting properties were positively correlated with hardness, springiness, and cohesiveness of cooked noodles while both damaged starch and breakdown were negatively correlated with those.

The International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) promotes an effective system of plant variety protection and encourages the development of new varieties of plants. This international convention was initiated to standardize the system efforts and strengthen policy. The establishment of cultivar discrimination system is very important to distinguish varieties between domestic and foreign agricultural products. It is necessary for the protection of breeders’rights. In addition, it will help for more efficient and quality management of plant breeding. This study was conducted to identify and group rice varieties based on agro-morphological characteristics such as plant height, panicle length, number of tillers, culm length, leaf length, leaf width, leaf pigments and flag leaf angles. Using these parameters, statistical analysis classified a total of 243 rice varieties bred in Korea into four groups. Most rice varieties did not exhibit anthocyanin pigments on the leaves particularly on the first leaf, leaf blade, leaf sheath and auricle, except for varieties classified as black rice. Results of phylogenetic and principal component analysis (PCA) indicated that these varieties formed three largely distinct clusters according to their ecotype and morphological differentiation. This result would be useful in rice varietal identification for the protection of breeders’variety rights.

This study is to raise the utilization of genetic resources of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) landrace from East Asia (Korea, Japan, and China) by evaluating genetic variation related to end use quality concerned to bread making quality and early maturity, two very important characteristics of Korean wheat cropping system. To clarify the allelic variation of Glu-1 loci which decides HMW glutenin subunit composition, SDS-PAGE and DNA marker analysis were conducted by using 485 East Asian landrace wheat accessions in National Agrobiodiversity Center, RDA and NIAS genebank. And useful accessions getting full mark of glu-1 score and early maturity were selected to enhance the utilization of genetic resources to Korean wheat breeding.

In this study, wheats from China showed the distinct characteristic. Whereas Glu-A1c (null) and Glu-B1b (7+8) allele are the most frequent in Korean and Japanese accessions, Glu-A1a (2^*) and Glu-B1c (7^*+9) are the most in Chinese accessions. When it comes to unique composition, Glu-B1f (13+16) and Glu-D1e (2+10) subunits are only in Chinese resources. Glu-B1d (6+8), Glu-B1e (20), Glu-D1b (7+8), and Glu-D1c (4+1) subunits are only in Korean resources. The accessions from China also has high PIC value (0.53) compared to ones from Korea (0.35) and Japan (0.35). Grouping by UPGMA analysis of combination of Glu-1 allele, most accessions from Korea and Japan are in the same group, but most Chinese ones were distinguished as the distinctive group. The evaluation of bread baking quality by Glu-1 scoring system, 26 accessions got full marks. Among them, 16 accessions from China were also matured before early June, suitable to Korean cropping system. Especially, 3 accessions (K151847, K151865, K151962) had very early maturity, matured in late May. These genetic resources, having good gluten composition and early maturity, are expected to widely be used for Korean wheat breeding.