‘Keunpum’ is a mid-late maturing, high yielding, giant embryo rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar which is adapted to central plains and was developed to be used as (germinated) brown rice. It is resistant to multiple diseases with a good grain quality. This cultivar was derived by crossing a giant embryo rice variety ‘Keunnun’ and a mid-late maturing, multi-disease resistant rice cultivar ‘Samkwang’-it has good palatability of cooked rice. The growth period of this cultivar is approximately 117 d from seeding to heading, with a culm length of 88 ㎝, panicle length of 20 ㎝, 13 panicles per hill, 136 spikelets per panicle, and 1,000-grain weight of 19.1 g brown rice. This variety has low tolerance to cold stress and premature germination similar to ‘Keunnun’ but exhibits high resistance to lodging. In addition, ‘Keunpum’ is resistant to bacterial blight (race K1, K2, K3), rice stripe virus, and is moderately resistant to leaf and neck blast. Its average milled rice yield for three years reached 5.34 MT/ha, which is 10% higher than that of ‘Keunnun’. In the brown and germinated brown rice of this cultivar, the total dietary fiber content are 6.45% and 6.71%, and the GABA (γ-amino butyric acid) content are 6.61 and 39.47 mg/100 g, respectively. In addition, the total contents of polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannin were higher in ‘Keunpum’ brown rice than in ‘Keunnun’. The DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities were 75.23, 116.08 mg TE/100g, respectively. These functional components and antioxidant activities play an important role in inhibiting diseases and the aging process of the human body. Therefore, it is expected to be used as a basic data in the manufacture of secondary processed products using germinated brown rice (Grant No. 7684).

The rice cultivar ‘Misiru’, which is ideal for rice flour production by dry milling, was developed by the rice breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), Korea, in 2017 to vitalize the rice processing industry. It is derived from a cross between ‘Daeripbyeo1’ and ‘Seolgaeng’. ‘Misiru’ was grown on a middle plain area by ordinary cultivation methods. The heading date was on August 13, culm length was 85 cm, and there were 12 panicles and 112 spikelets per panicle. The ripened grain ratio was lower than that of ‘Hwaseong’; however, the 1,000 brown rice weight was 30.8 g, about 8 g heavier than that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Misiru’ showed medium resistance to blast but susceptibility to bacterial blight, viruses, and insect pests. It was resistant to lodging, whereas pre-harvest sprouting rate and cold tolerance were similar to those of ‘Hwaseong’. The milled rice appeared non-glutinous opaque, with opaque grain rate of 83.7%. The rice grain was soft and starch granules in the endosperm were of spherical type, similar to wheat. The grain contained 6.4% protein and 18.6% amylose (the content of the latter was similar to that in ‘Hwaseong’). However, its milled rice recovery rate was lower than that of ‘Hwaseong’. The average size of dry-milling rice flour was 64.4 μm, and the rate of damaged starch was 5.2%, lower than that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Misiru’ milled rice yield was 5.66 MT/ha, 8% higher than the yield potential of ‘Hwaseong’. The cultivar ‘Misiru’ is thus suitable for rice flour production by dry milling (Grant No. 7682).

The ‘Hangaru’ is a rice variety derived from a cross between ‘Seolgaeng’, which is suitable for making rice wine, and ‘Daeripbyeo1’, which has a heavy grain weight (34.8g) and is suitable for deep fried rice, by the rice breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, in 2017. The heading date of ‘Hangaru’ was August 18 and was 10 days later than check variety, ‘Hwaseong’, in Suwon. It had a culm length of 79 cm and 102 spikelets per panicle, and showed similar tolerance to ‘Hwaseong’ when exposed to cold stress. ‘Hangaru’ showed medium resistance to blast disease, but susceptibility to bacterial blight, viruses and brown planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibited an opaque and non-glutinous endosperm. The 1,000 grain weight of brown rice was 32.9 g, which was 10.8 g heavier than that of ‘Hwaseong’; the protein content was 7.0% and the amylose content (19.2%) was similar to that of ‘Hwaseong’. The milled rice recovery rate was lower than that of ‘Hwaseong’. However, opaque grain percentage of milled rice was 88.1%. The hardness of the rice grain was soft and the starch granule shape in the endosperm was round, similar to wheat. The average size of rice flour was 71.0 µm and the damaged starch rate was 6.4%. These results showed that this variety could be suitable for dry milling rice flour production. ‘Hangaru’ had a yield of 5.42 MT/ha of milled rice productivity in ordinary cultivation, which was 99% of that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Hangaru’ was adaptable to the middle plain area and Mid-west coast of Korea (Registration No. 7270).

“Samkwang1,” a japonica rice variety, was developed as a cross between “Samkwang” and F1 of Suwon152 (IT008283), which has a medium maturing and lodging resistance and Samkwang (IT284608), a high quality variety with bacterial blight resistance and mid-late maturing property by the rice breeding team at NICS in 2015. The heading date of “Samkwang1” was August 8 in the middle plain area, which was 2 days early than that of “Hwaseong.” “Samkwang1” had a culm length of 77 cm, which was 7 cm shorter than that of “Hwaseong,” and it had 128 spikelets per panicle. The viviparous germination rate of “Samkwang1” was 2.1%. “Samkwang1” showed resistance to blast, bacterial blight (K1, K2, and K3 race) and stripe virus, but was susceptible to the K3a race of bacterial blight, dwarf and black streak dwarf viruses, and plant hoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibits translucent and medium short grains. The cooked rice grains of “Samkwang1” have an excellent palatability index (0.35) and lower protein content (6.2%) than that of “Hwaseong.” The characteristics related to grain milling were better than those of “Hwaseong,” especially the head rice milling recovery ratio and head rice ratio (94.2%). “Samkwang1” showed 5.62 MT/ha of milled rice productivity at 11 sites under ordinary cultivation conditions (Registration No. 6798).

‘Jungmo1038', a mid-late maturing, high dry matter yielding rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar with glabrous leaf and hull, was developed for whole crop silage (WCS) use. It was derived from a cross between ‘SR24592-HB2319’ with high biomass, smooth leaf and hull and good germinability in low temperature and new plant type (NPT), ‘IR73165-B-6-1-1‘ which had low tillering trait, large panicle, dark green leaf, thick and sturdy stem and vigorous root system. This cultivar had about 125 days growth period from seeding to heading, 99cm culm length, 20cm panicle length, 13 panicles per hill, 119 spikelets per panicle and 1,000-grain weight of 23.3 g as brown rice in central plain region, Suwon. This hairless WCS rice variety was weak to cold stresses similar to ‘Nokyang’ but was resistant to lodging in the field, strong to viviparous germination and good to low temperature germination. In addition, ‘Jungmo1038’ was resistant to leaf and neck blast but susceptible to bacterial blight, rice stripe virus and brown planthopper. Its average dry matter yield for three years reached 17.2 MT/ha, 21% higher than that of ‘Nokyang’. This glabrous cultivar had 6.6% crude protein and 62.4% total digestible nutrients a little low compared to ‘Nokyang’. In Korea peninsular, 'Jungmo1038' grows well in central and southern plain and is good to harvest between 15 to 30 days after heading to improve its feeding value and digestion rate of livestock(Grant No. 5634).

Cup arrangement ranking method (CARM) is a method for a rapid and small-sample sensory evaluation of cooked rice in rice breeding program. This study was compared to four different scale ranges (1~11, 1~9, 1~7 and 1~5) for improving the efficiency of CARM using sixteen Japonica and four Tongil-type cultivars. The wide scale ranges were higher of that than narrow scale range on determination coefficient between standard sensory evaluation method (SSEM) and CARM. However, the wide scale ranges were required more time and efforts than those of the narrow scale ranges for eating sensory evaluation of cooked rice. The wide scale ranges of 1~11 and 1~9 were difficult to distinguish the differences between the cultivars in the scale 3 and 4. On the other hand, the narrow scale ranges of 1~7 and 1~5 could distinguish the difference between cultivars in all scales. We suggest that two scale ranges for CARM were 1~7 (7 classes) in including Tongil type cultivars and 1~5 (5 classes) in Japonica cultivars.

‘Jungmo1024’ is a blast resistant early maturing rice cultivar with high temperature tolerance during grain filling stage. ‘Jungmo1024’ was derived from a sodium azide treatment on ‘Suweon472’, a high yielding japonica elite line which was latterly registered as ‘Namil’. Comparison with the agronomical traits of ‘Namil’, ‘Jungmo1024’ was uniquely characterized as the induced gained function due to the reduced culm length, increased tiller number, strong blast resistance and especially high temperature tolerance during grain filling stage. The high temperature tolerance of ‘Jungmo1024’ was supported by two years experiments by comparing the head rice ratio produced in ordinary paddy field and green house condition. The heading date of ‘Jungmo1024’ was July 29 in central plain area, which was 9 days earlier than that of ‘Hwaseong’. The milled rice yield performance of ‘Jungmo1024’ was about 4.98 MT/ha in local adaptability test for three years. ‘Jungmo1024’ had 69 cm in culm length, which was 15 cm shorter than that of ‘Hwaseong’, 20 cm in panicle length, 16 in tiller number, and 22.3g in 1,000 grain-weight of brown rice. ‘Jungmo1024’ exhibited strong rice blast resistance, but do not have any clear resistance gene sources against bacterial blight, viral diseases and insect fests. ‘Jungmo1024’, nevertheless, would be a useful rice cultivar could be used as a donor line for the breeding programs for developing southern plane adaptable early maturing rice cultivars with enhanced rice blast resistance, lodging tolerance, and especially high temperature tolerance during grain filling stage.

The ‘Jungmo1023’ is the japonica rice variety developed from a cross between Yeongdeog34 and F1 of Iksan456 and SR21097-B-B-19-2-2 by the rice breeding team at NICS in 2012. The heading date of ‘Jungmo1023’ is August 3 in middle plain area and it is six days earlier than ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Jungmo1023’ has 80 cm of culm length which is 4 cm shorter than those of ‘Hwaseong’ and 107 spikelet per panicle. The premature heading rate of ‘Jungmo1023’ was 3.3%. It showed resistance to blast, bacterial blight (K1, K2, K3 race) and stripe virus, but susceptibility to K3a race of bacterial blight, dwarf and black streak dwarf viruses and planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibits translucent and medium short grain shape. It has better palatability index of cooked rice (0.24) and lower amylose content (18.0%) than that of ‘Hwaseong’. The characteristics related to grain milling were better than those of ‘Hwaseong’, especially head rice milling recovery ratio and head rice ratio (96.2%). ‘Jungmo1023’ showed 4.56 MT/ha of milled rice productivity at 7 sites in ordinary cultivation. However, ‘Jungmo1023’ showed early cultivation culture adaptability because of 98% of its yield potential (4.99 MT/ha) compared to high yielding early-maturing variety ‘Jopyeong’. ‘Jungmo1023’ could be adaptable to the middle plain, mid-mountainous and north-east coastal area in Korea (Registration No. 5115).

This study was conducted to analyze the starch and pasting properties of fourteen glutinous rice varieties with different maturity, and we compared the textural characteristic difference in relation to stickiness of glutinous rice cake. The whiteness values of grain appearance showed significantly differences in the order of early < medium < mid-late maturing glutinous rice varieties. Early maturing glutinous rice varieties exhibited a little high tendency for crude protein content than that of other varieties. Mid-late glutinous rice varieties showed higher of short chain ratio of 6 to 12 in DP of amylopectin whereas, medium length chains of 13 to 24 were significantly low. According to Rapid Visco-Analyzer measurement glutinous rice flours and starches, peak time showed high negative correlation with short chains of 6 to 12 in DP. The hardness of mid-late maturing glutinous rice cake was distinctly lower than that of the other glutinous rice varieties. Furthermore, mid-late maturing glutinous rice varieties, Baegseolchal, Dongjinchal and Baekogchal tend to show lower and slower in hardness changes of rice cake during storage. The hardness changes of glutinous rice cake had positive correlation with the amylose content and peak time and negative correlation with short chains of 6 to 12 in DP of amylopectin, respectively.

There are farmer’s demands to develop early-maturing cultivar in order to replace Odae variety to mid-northern inland plain and southern mountainous area of Korea. Saeodae was developed by the rice breeding team of Cheolwon Substation, National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2012. This cultivar was derived from the cross between Geuroobyeo and Suweon 472 in 2001 summer season, and selected by a promising line, SR27376-2-2-1-3, was selected and designated as the line of Cheolweon 81 in 2010. The local adaptability test of Cheolweon 81 was carried out at four locations from 2010 to 2012 and it was named as Saeodae. The heading date of Saeodae is July 25 in Cheolwon area, which is 2 days earlier than that of Odae. This variety has 66cm in culm length and 77 spikelets per panicle. Its 1,000 grain-weight of brown rice is 26.5 g, which is similar to that of Odae. Germination rate at low temperature of this variety is about 70%, and viviparous germination is 17.7%. Cold tolerance of this cultivar is still not good, just mediocre. It shows strong lodging resistance. And premature heading, occurrence of wilting during ripening stage, and leaf senescence at maturing are similar to those of Odae. This variety shows resistance to leaf blast disease, but susceptible to bacterial blight, virus disease and insect pest. This variety has translucent and clear milled rice kernel without white core and belly rice. The yield potential of Saeodae was about 5.26 MT/ha at ordinary fertilizer level in local adaptability test for three years. This variety would be adaptable to mid-northern inland plain and southern mountainous area of Korea.

Rice breeders or sensory evaluators are striving to develop the rapid and correct sensory evaluation method of the cooked rice with a small-sample. This study was conducted to develop a method of cooking condition and sensory evaluation of the cooked rice rapidly and correctly with a small-sample by introducing a concept of arrangement ranking to the conventional sensory evaluation method by cooking in the cup, which has been used only as a simple test. A method of simultaneous cooking of the five samples for one round of test was developed. And, an arrangement ranking method was developed just like stacking a tower by arranging the cups in the sensory evaluation. The proposed method was named as cup arrangement ranking method. The correlation analysis between the cup arrangement ranking method (CARM) and the standard sensory evaluation method (SSEM) showed a high significance of correlation (r=0.83^**~0.91^**, ‘13~’14). Further, when effectiveness of proposed method was compared with the standard sensory evaluation method, the sample quantity was a 30g level for one round of test, which is a tenth of SSEM. The time consumed for sensory evaluation was two minutes per one sample, which was a reduced value by half as compared with the time consumption by SSEM. Therefore, the cup arrangement ranking is expected to be an effective method in the selection of excellent rice line or variety having good taste by evaluating the cooking quality rapidly with a small-sample in early generation.

The ‘Jungmo1017’ is a japonica rice variety developed from a cross between Suweon462 which has a good plant architecture, cold tolerance, moderately tolerant to leaf blast and bacterial blight and medium maturing habit, and Yeongdeog34 which has translucent milled rice and good milling properties, by the rice breeding team at NICS, RDA in 2011. The heading date of ‘Jungmo1017’ is August 16 and it is six days later than ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Jungmo1017’ has 65 cm of culm length which is 18 cm shorter than those of ‘Hwaseong’ and 93 spikelet per panicle. The pre-harvest sprouting rate of ‘Jungmo1017’ is 8.6% that is lower than 27.7% of ‘Hwaseong’ on local adaptability test (LAT). It showed resistance to blast diseases and moderately resistant to bacterial blight (K1 race) and stripe virus, but susceptible to other races (K2, K3 and K3a) of bacterial blight, viruses and planthoppers. The milled rice of this variety exhibits translucent, clear non-glutinous endosperm and medium short grain shape. It has better palatability index of cooked rice (0.53) than that of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Jungmo1017’ showed lower protein content (6.4%) and amylose content (18.0%). ‘Jungmo1017’ could use aseptic-packaged cooked rice or processing cooked rice because its hardness of cooked rice is soft, setback and balance is low and palatability of cold and aseptic rice showed high score. The characters related to milling is better than those of ‘Hwaseong’. ‘Jungmo1017’ showed 5.01 MT/ha of milled rice productivity at 7 sites of middle plain, southern mid-mountainous and south-east coastal area in ordinary cultivation. ‘Jungmo1017’ could be adaptable to the middle plain area in Korea.