Flower color is one of the key trait that determines the marketability of chrysanthemums. However, genetic research on chrysanthemum remains limited because of numerous environmental factors and the complexity of the chrysanthemum genome. To gain a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying flower color in chrysanthemum, this study conducted genotyping analysis on 94 F1 progenies derived from a cross between two wild chrysanthemum parents, ‘CWT2’ and ‘CWT8,’ which exhibit distinct flower colors. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) was used for SNP identification, resulting in 79,002 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). After stringent filtering, 2,548 SNP markers were selected to construct a GBS-SNP linkage map, which was subsequently used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with flower color. Four QTL were identified, encompassing genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, carotenoid degradation, and the methylerythritol phosphate pathway. Among the 16 candidate genes analyzed for their potential role in flower color determination, three genes (
Rose of Sharon (
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AbstractThe
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A strawberry variety ‘Kuemsil’ was derived in 2007 as an artificial cross between ‘Maehyang’, a high fruit firmness variety and ‘Seolhyang’, a high-yielding variety. The lines were selected from 2009 to 2011, and yield trials of ‘08MS-62’, the final selected line, were conducted to evaluate its characteristics in forcing cultures from 2012 to 2015. After farmer field trials in 2016, the line was renamed ‘Kuemsil’. The general characteristics of ‘Kuemsil’ include upright growth habit, elliptical leaves, and strong vigorous growth. The fruit are conical and light red. This variety is suitable for forcing culture because of the early flower bud differentiation (late August), early first harvest (late November), and continuous formation of next flower clusters. The first cluster bore about 22.4 fewer flowers compared with those of the check varieties (‘Maehyang’ and ‘Seolhyang’), which could reduce the labor cost needed for fruit thinning. ‘Kuemsil’ was high in sugar content (11.1 °Bx) and had optimal fruit firmness (21.9 g/mm2), which is comparable to ‘Seolhyang’. The fruit weight was about 24.6 g, higher than that of the check varieties. The marketable yield was 566.9 g, 14% higher than that of ‘Maehyang’ and 13% less than that of ‘Seolhyang’. Unlike ‘Maehyang’, which is harvested in unripe stage, ‘Kuemsil’ fruit should be harvested at 80% coloration to intensify their deep flavor. ‘Kuemsil’ is more susceptible to
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A new
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Oriental
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One of the most important events in the regulation of plant development is the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase. The precise control of this transition, which has a profound effect on grain production in annual temperate cereals such as wheat and barley, is determined mainly by seasonal changes in day length (photoperiod) and by winter-like temperatures (vernalization). Recent molecular and genetic analyses in wheat have revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying flowering responses of wheat to changes in photoperiod and cold temperature. Here, we describe genes related to vernalization, photoperiod, and
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In ornamental crops, the color and shape of flowers are one of the important traits. Generally, flower colors are determined by accumulating pigments such as carotenoids, flavonoids, and betalains. Among them, flavonoids are responsible for broad ranges of colors. Chrysanthemums are one of the most popular ornamental crops in the world, and there have been many efforts to change their flower color. In chrysanthemum flowers, cyanidin-based anthocyanin confers pink or red color, whereas terpenoid-based carotenoids are mainly responsible for yellow and green colors. However, blue colored chrysanthemums do not occur in nature. To date, there have been attempts to obtain blue or violet-colored chrysanthemum flowers through the introduction of a novel gene for accumulating delphinidin-based anthocyanins, while other studies have reported changing endogenous metabolites through the reconstruction of flavonoid biosynthesis. Since various transcription factors are involved in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis, it is important to understand not only the structural genes, but also the transcription factors required for the modification of flavonoid-based flower color. Therefore, in this paper, we describe the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and its regulation, and review previous studies on the change in flower color through modification of flavonoid biosynthesis. This effort could be an important milestone in successfully achieving the modification of chrysanthemum flower color by means of plant biotechnology.
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A new
This study was conducted to breed interspecific hybrids by crossing between Asiatic hybrids for the purpose of cut flower or pot plant. According to results of reciprocal crossing between
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It is important for radish to have late flowering characteristics especially in the case of spring and winter cultivars. To understand late flowering characteristics of radish at the molecular level the flowering time genes of two radish lines (NH-JS1 and NH-JS2) with different flowering time were compared by re-sequencing their genomes. There were a total of 872,587 SNPs and 194,637 INDELs between the two lines. The SNP density of each chromosome was relatively uniform throughout, but the region with low SNP density was found at the end of R3 and the middle of R9. To compare the flowering time genes of the two lines, we first looked for the flowering time genes in radish using
A new Phalaenopsis cultivar SM 6310 was bred by Kyungpook National University, Korea. The new cultivar SM 6310, showing the phenotype of yellow colored mini type characteristics, was introduced by artificial crossing of
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A new
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Floral pattern plays a vital role in flower structure. The most basic factors that make up the floral pattern are spots and lines in
A new rapeseed (
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Flower bud differentiation by temperature and photoperiod was investigated in early-, medium-, and late-maturing cultivars of radish (
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In order to select pollinizer varieties of high fruit qualities with large sized and high soluble solid contents, ‘Nishimurawase’ was crossed with ‘Johongsi’ at the Pear Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science in 2000. Among these crossed seedlings, ‘00-16-121’ was selected primarily in 2007, and it was finally selected since it was worthy of not only a pollinizer but also ripen and dried persimmon and named ‘Partner’ in 2009. ‘Partner’ shows intermediate in growth habit and semi-spreading tree shape. It has plenty of male flowers and rich pollen amount with about 380 mg per one hundred flowers. The average optimum harvest time of ‘Partner’ was 144 days after full bloom and it matured around one week earlier than ‘Zenzimaru’ and three weeks later than ‘Nishimurawase’. The fruit is elliptic in shape and orange in skin color. Average fruit weight was 224 g, and soluble solids content was 18.8°Brix.
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‘Jungmo 7002’ is a intermediate parent of rapeseed (
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The influence of seed maturity, stratification, and seed washing method on seed germination were investigated for establishment of seed propagation system in dropwort (
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Forty lines of gerbera (
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A cultivar
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A rose cultivar, ‘Summer Red’ was developed at Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services (GARES) in 2012. A cross was made between ‘Cardinal’ and ‘Fire Fox’ in 2007 and seedlings were produced in 2008. After the test of specific characters from 2010 to 2012, it was finally selected and named. A standard flower type with large sized flower, it has red color (RHS Color Chart Red Group 44B). The leaf was resistant to powdery mildew. It takes 51 days to flowering and cut flower productivity was 168.4 stems/m2 in a year. The length of cut flower was long with 82.4 cm and the fresh weight of cut flower was 44.3 g. It has 12.3 cm in flower diameter, 5.5 cm in flower height, 46.7 in petal numbers per flowers and 11 days in vase life. When it grows under the below 15°C and 1,000 lux conditions the petals edge color became dark red in winter season. This new rose cultivar, ‘Summer Red’ was granted on Korea Seed & Variety Service with No. 4867 in 2014.
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