Flower color is one of the key trait that determines the marketability of chrysanthemums. However, genetic research on chrysanthemum remains limited because of numerous environmental factors and the complexity of the chrysanthemum genome. To gain a deeper understanding of the genetic mechanisms underlying flower color in chrysanthemum, this study conducted genotyping analysis on 94 F₁ progenies derived from a cross between two wild chrysanthemum parents, ‘CWT2’ and ‘CWT8,’ which exhibit distinct flower colors. Genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) was used for SNP identification, resulting in 79,002 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). After stringent filtering, 2,548 SNP markers were selected to construct a GBS-SNP linkage map, which was subsequently used to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with flower color. Four QTL were identified, encompassing genes involved in carotenoid biosynthesis, carotenoid degradation, and the methylerythritol phosphate pathway. Among the 16 candidate genes analyzed for their potential role in flower color determination, three genes (VDE, CYP707A4, and CYP707A2) were ultimately selected for molecular marker development. The findings of this study provide a valuable foundation for understanding the genetic basis of carotenoid degradation in chrysanthemums. Future in-depth research is expected to facilitate the development of new chrysanthemum varieties for breeding programs through marker-assisted selection in breeding programs.

Rose of Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus L.) blooms in summer and is widely used as an ornamental tree because of its beautiful flowers and long flowering periods. To develop a new cultivar suitable for pot cultivation, the artificial crossing of H. syriacus cv. Hansŏ, a seed parent, and H. syriacus cv. Hongtanshim, a pollen parent, was established in 2011. Among the 19 artificially bred seedlings that bloomed in 2014, three individuals were selected by the characteristics based on flower shape, flower size, petal color, presence and size of the red eye zone, leaf characteristics, tree form, and growth of the current-year branch. After the second test on its traits for three years, one individual (NFHH05) with a unique flower shape and slow growth was selected. This individual was investigated again for uniformity and stability of trait expression, and was registered as a new cultivar under the name ‘Huiwon’ in 2022. ‘Huiwon’ has bright pink flowers with thick petals and distinct petal veins. The flowers were in full bloom and were shaped like a plate, with the tips of the petals curling outward. It begins to bloom at the beginning of July, and the average flowering period is approximately 63 d. ‘Huiwon’ has a slightly straight tree form and is a slow growing cultivar, which makes it suitable for medium-sized pot cultivation or flower gardening (Grant number 8875).

AbstractThe SHORT VEGETATIVE PHASE (SVP) gene encodes a MADS-box gene family of transcription factors that repress floral transition. To explore the function of the Brassica rapa SVP (BrSVP) gene during the flowering time of this species, a construct containing BrSVP under the control of the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter was introduced into B. rapa via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The resulting transgenic plants showed delayed flowering time, and RT-PCR analyses further revealed that BrSVP repressed the expression of the floral integrator genes AGL20, AGL24, and FT during vernalization. Our data indicated that BrSVP acts as a negative regulator in the flowering time of B. rapa and that it may therefore be a useful genetic source for crop improvement with respect to flowering time regulation.

A strawberry variety ‘Kuemsil’ was derived in 2007 as an artificial cross between ‘Maehyang’, a high fruit firmness variety and ‘Seolhyang’, a high-yielding variety. The lines were selected from 2009 to 2011, and yield trials of ‘08MS-62’, the final selected line, were conducted to evaluate its characteristics in forcing cultures from 2012 to 2015. After farmer field trials in 2016, the line was renamed ‘Kuemsil’. The general characteristics of ‘Kuemsil’ include upright growth habit, elliptical leaves, and strong vigorous growth. The fruit are conical and light red. This variety is suitable for forcing culture because of the early flower bud differentiation (late August), early first harvest (late November), and continuous formation of next flower clusters. The first cluster bore about 22.4 fewer flowers compared with those of the check varieties (‘Maehyang’ and ‘Seolhyang’), which could reduce the labor cost needed for fruit thinning. ‘Kuemsil’ was high in sugar content (11.1 °Bx) and had optimal fruit firmness (21.9 g/mm²), which is comparable to ‘Seolhyang’. The fruit weight was about 24.6 g, higher than that of the check varieties. The marketable yield was 566.9 g, 14% higher than that of ‘Maehyang’ and 13% less than that of ‘Seolhyang’. Unlike ‘Maehyang’, which is harvested in unripe stage, ‘Kuemsil’ fruit should be harvested at 80% coloration to intensify their deep flavor. ‘Kuemsil’ is more susceptible to Phytophthora crown rot compared with the check varieties, which requires complete disinfection of the soil area (or substrate) of the crown rot. ‘Kuemsil’ was registered with the Korea Seed and Variety Service (KSVS) for commercialization in 2018 (Registration No. 7345).

A new Phalaenopsis cultivar SM 3337 was bred by Sangmiwon, Korea. The new cultivar SM 3337, with a pink color and striped characteristics, was derived by artificial crossing between Phal. Minho Princess (the female parent) and Phal. Minho Stripes (the male parent). From 2006 to 2007, 300 individuals were cultivated over 2 years. Among them, an elite individual, number ‘05-33-37’, with excellent growth and flowering characteristics was finally selected through an intensive selection process. The stability and uniformity of the cultivar were confirmed through the first and second characteristics tests in 2008 and 2009, and it was named ‘SM 3337’. SM 3337 produces bright clean pink (RHS#69C) flowers with incurved shape and striped characteristics, with a flower length and width of 9.8 cm and 10.8 cm, respectively. SM 3337 is regarded as a lightly striped flower type and is suitable for the new flowerpot market. The leaves of SM 3337 are arranged horizontally and are 22.2 cm in length and 10.7 cm in width. This cultivar also possesses no genetic variation, fast in vitro propagation, and easy growing due to vigorous growth habit. SM 3337 was registered to Korea Seed & Variety Service (KSVS) in September 30, 2013 and the plant breeder’s right (PBR) is currently controlled by Sangmiwon Orchid Company, Korea (Registration No. 4640).

Oriental Cymbidium ‘Sael Bit’ cultivar was developed as a hybrid in 2013 by the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Korea. This hybrid was developed from a cross between C. faberi ‘Ilgyounguhwa’ and C. ’98CD05-1’ in 2002. C. ‘Ilgyounguhwa’ has a sweet floral scent, and C. ’98CD05-1’ was obtained from a germplasm from Vietnam. After the cross and successful planting and acclimatization in a greenhouse, 72 seedlings were obtained. In 2007, one line was selected on the basis of flower color, leaf shape, flower stalk, and vigorous growth, and it was named ‘Wongyuo F1-37’. The line with the code ‘02-0428-33’ had consistent uniformity and excellent characteristics. The line selected after the evaluation of secondary characteristics was named ‘Sael Bit’. This hybrid has bright yellow and green colored petals (GY1B), red spot lips (R53A), and a pleasant fragrance. Flower and plant size of ‘Sael Bit’ are medium and it has approximately 9.1 flowers per stalk, which can be considered as a good spike habit. Petals and sepals are generally narrow and acute and the inflorescence is erect. Under optimal culture condition, flowers start blooming in late October. (Registration No. 5754)

One of the most important events in the regulation of plant development is the transition from the vegetative to the reproductive phase. The precise control of this transition, which has a profound effect on grain production in annual temperate cereals such as wheat and barley, is determined mainly by seasonal changes in day length (photoperiod) and by winter-like temperatures (vernalization). Recent molecular and genetic analyses in wheat have revealed the molecular mechanisms underlying flowering responses of wheat to changes in photoperiod and cold temperature. Here, we describe genes related to vernalization, photoperiod, and earliness per se (eps), and the molecular mechanism regulating flowering time through vernalization and photoperiod genes in wheat.

In ornamental crops, the color and shape of flowers are one of the important traits. Generally, flower colors are determined by accumulating pigments such as carotenoids, flavonoids, and betalains. Among them, flavonoids are responsible for broad ranges of colors. Chrysanthemums are one of the most popular ornamental crops in the world, and there have been many efforts to change their flower color. In chrysanthemum flowers, cyanidin-based anthocyanin confers pink or red color, whereas terpenoid-based carotenoids are mainly responsible for yellow and green colors. However, blue colored chrysanthemums do not occur in nature. To date, there have been attempts to obtain blue or violet-colored chrysanthemum flowers through the introduction of a novel gene for accumulating delphinidin-based anthocyanins, while other studies have reported changing endogenous metabolites through the reconstruction of flavonoid biosynthesis. Since various transcription factors are involved in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis, it is important to understand not only the structural genes, but also the transcription factors required for the modification of flavonoid-based flower color. Therefore, in this paper, we describe the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway and its regulation, and review previous studies on the change in flower color through modification of flavonoid biosynthesis. This effort could be an important milestone in successfully achieving the modification of chrysanthemum flower color by means of plant biotechnology.

A new Phalaenopsis cultivar SM 7661 was bred by Kyungpook National University, Korea. The new cultivar SM 7661 with the red colored mini type characteristics, was derived by artificial crossing between Phal. Golden Sun(female parent) and Phal. Princess Kaiulani(male parent). From 2005 to 2006, 250 individuals were cultivated over two years. Among them, an elite individual number ‘03-6-61’ with excellent growth and flowering characteristics was finally selected by intensive selection process. The stability and uniformity of the cultivar was confirmed through the first and second characteristics tests in 2007 and 2008 and named as ‘SM 7661’. SM 7661 produces dark red (RHS#185B) flowers of round shape and spreading mini type with size of 5.7 and 5.8cm in flower length and width, respectively. SM 7661 is regarded as raceme flower type with many flowers and good volume and suitable for small flower pot market. The leaf of SM 7661 is rowing horizontally and 13.8cm in length and 7.2cm in width. This cultivar also possesses no genetic variation, fast in vitro propagation and easy growing due to vigorous growth habit. This SM 7661 is registered (Reg.#:3826)to Korea Seed & Variety Service(KSVS) in December 21, 2011 and PBR(plant breeder’s right) is currently controlled by Sangmiwon Orchid Company, Korea.

This study was conducted to breed interspecific hybrids by crossing between Asiatic hybrids for the purpose of cut flower or pot plant. According to results of reciprocal crossing between L. davidii and ‘Conception’, flower color of F1 appears nearer to that of each male parent but they seemed to be influenced by L. davidii which has side-facing flower position. The characteristic traits of F1 hybrids obtained from the cross between ‘Tresor’ and ‘Black Out’ is related to female parent ‘Tresor’. Whereas in a cross between ‘Navidad’ and ‘Hironde’, a progeny 122611-4 has the petal spot characteristic similar to the female Asiatic hybrid ‘Navidad’ and male parent ‘Gironde’ influence on the petal color. F1 hybrid cross ‘Gironde × Red Sensation’ showed parental flower color expression contribution. In addition ‘Gironde’ as parent contributed extensively in imparting flower color in the resulting hybrids. In the above statements, F1 progenies were more than 40cm in height and the plant height of their parents was over 70cm. Therefore, it is considered that their F1 progenies are not short if parents have a long plant height. In ‘Kotnali × Tiny Bee’ progenies, 112061-1 progeny expressed orange flower color similar to female while 112061-2 showed yellow flower color same as male. Plant height was 27.7cm and 22.4cm close to 35.0cm of male parent ‘Tiny Bee’. F1 hybrid of ‘Matrix × Holebibi’ expressed three flower color all of parents. It was dwarf and distinguishable as compared to parental phenotype. Therefore, it is concluded that for potted lily flower development carrying dwarf plant height and intermediate morphological traits Asiatic hybrids plays an important role such as ‘Tiny Bee’ and ‘Matrix’.

It is important for radish to have late flowering characteristics especially in the case of spring and winter cultivars. To understand late flowering characteristics of radish at the molecular level the flowering time genes of two radish lines (NH-JS1 and NH-JS2) with different flowering time were compared by re-sequencing their genomes. There were a total of 872,587 SNPs and 194,637 INDELs between the two lines. The SNP density of each chromosome was relatively uniform throughout, but the region with low SNP density was found at the end of R3 and the middle of R9. To compare the flowering time genes of the two lines, we first looked for the flowering time genes in radish using Arabidopsis thaliana flowering time genes. As a result, homologs of radish were found for most flowering time genes, but FRIGIDA was not found. Among 224 radish flowering time gene-homologs found, 97 genes showed more than one sequence difference (SNP or INDEL) between the two lines, and 127 genes had no difference. In particular, no sequence differences were found in FT, CO, and FLC, core flowering time control genes. Rs350520 (FVE), Rs193800 (CURLY LEAF) and Rs255320 (ATX1) with more than 100 sequence variations were expected to have a significant effect on flowering time difference between the two lines. These results will be of great help in understanding the flowering timing difference between the two lines at the molecular level.

A new Phalaenopsis cultivar SM 6310 was bred by Kyungpook National University, Korea. The new cultivar SM 6310, showing the phenotype of yellow colored mini type characteristics, was introduced by artificial crossing of Phalaenopsis ‘Brother Gold Miss’ and Phalaenopsis philippinensis. An elite individual number ‘03-06-31’ later named as ‘SM 6310’ was selected among 250 individual progenies for more than 2 years(2004-2005) intensive selection process covering excellent vegetative and flowering characteristics. In year 2006-2007, the 1st and 2nd characteristic analysis were performed through stability and uniformity test. The ‘SM 6310’ shows that flower color is bright clean yellow (RHS#:12B) and flower shape is small type with size of 5.8 and 6.1cm in flower length and width, respectively. ‘SM 6310’ is regarded as raceme flower type suitable small flower pot market. The leaf of ‘SM 6310’ is rowing horizontally and about 15.6cm in length and 7.1cm in width. This cultivar also possesses no genetic variation, fast invitro propagation and easy growing due to vigorous growth habit. This ‘SM 6310’ is registered (Reg.#:3825) to Korea Seed & Variety Service (KSVS) in 21 December, 2011 and PBR (plant breeder's right) is currently controlled by Sangmiwon Orchid Company, Korea.

A new Phalaenopsis cultivar Hwasu 3551 was bred by Kyungpook National University, Korea, which produces young plants through tissue culture techniques. The new cultivar Hwasu 3551, showing the phenotype of pink colored large stripe type characteristics, was derived from crossing between Phalaenopsis Minho Princess and Minho Stripes. An elite individual number '03-35-51' later coined as 'Hwasu 3551' was selected among about 300 individual progenies for more than 2 years intensive selection process covering vegetative and flowering distinctiveness. In year 2006-2007, the 1st and 2nd characteristic analysis were carried out through performance and uniformity test. The Hwasu 3551 shows that flower color is bright clean pink (RHS#RP69D) and flower shape is formal type with size of 7.4 and 8.8cm in flower length and width, respectively. Hwasu 3551 is regarded as raceme flower type suitable large flower pot market. The leaf of Hwasu 3551 is rowing horizontally and about 22.3cm in length and 9.4cm in width, respectively. This cultivar also possesses no genetic variation, fast invitro propagation and easy growing due to vigorous growth habit. This Hwasu 3551 is registered (Reg.#:2917) to Korea Seed & Variety Service (KSVS) in 1st December, 2009 and PBR (plant breeder's right) is currently controlled by Sangmiwon Orchid Company, Korea.

Floral pattern plays a vital role in flower structure. The most basic factors that make up the floral pattern are spots and lines in Sedirea japonica. These factors were expressed in a various pattern according to their location and the type of the flower. Frequent expression pattern is higher in the left side of lateral sepal and labellum than petal and dorsal sepal. The expression type in one plant is usually very different according to right or left of sepals, flowering orders, and flowering times and in some individuals, expression pattern remained constant in all flowers. Two hybrids from the cross between Hygrochilus parishii and H. pasishii var. purpureus hybrid (Hongjadan) have shown similar flower characteristics (flower size, flower background color, and pattern distribution) to those of H. pasishii with the exception of the pattern, size, and expression of the number of spots, and pattern shape of labellum including morphology. The flower of an offspring from Hongjadan x S. japonicum (K10) showed petals and sepals without pattern, red flecks, red spot, and red sectors. The shape and back ground color of labellum were similar to those of Hongjadan and S. japonica. The results of this study will be helpful for breeding new cultivars of Sedirea japonica.

A new rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) variety ‘Jungmo 7003’ is with early flowering and disease tolerance, which has white petals. ‘Jungmo 7003’ was developed from the cross between ‘Tower’ as female parent and ‘AB130’ as male parent in 1983. The selection for advanced lines with white flower had been done by the pedigree method. A promising line, ‘83025-B-1-1-2’, was selected and designated as the name of ‘Mokpo113’. It had good results from regional adaptation yield trials at four locations for two years from 2013 to 2014 and was released as the name of ‘Jungmo 7003’. ‘Jungmo 7003’ has light-green and middle parted leaf, light-green stem and black seed coat. Since, the prominent very special trait of ‘Jungmo 7003’is white flower, it can be used for landscaping purposes created farm-art images. The flowering date of ‘Jungmo 7003’ was 16^th April and ripening date was 5^th June. The yield of ‘Jungmo 7003’ was 207 kg/10a, which was 6% lower than ‘Hanlayuchae' in regional adaptation trials. ‘Jungmo 7003’ showed high resistance to screrotium. The oil content of ‘Jungmo 7003’ was 43.8%. In fatty acid composition of ‘Jungmo 7003’, oleic acid content is 68.4%, which is 1.2% higher than ‘Hanlayuchae'. ‘Jungmo 7003’ will be adaptable to southwestern area including Jeonllanam-do, Jeollabuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do and Jeju island of Korea.

Flower bud differentiation by temperature and photoperiod was investigated in early-, medium-, and late-maturing cultivars of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Flower bud differentiation was induced by only day-length extension treatment (18 hr light/day) in early - and medium-maturing cultivars. Therefore, the early- and medium-maturing cultivars of radish were advanced the time of the flowering by the 2 weeks low temperature duration with day-length extension (18 hr light/day). The vegetative growth of early- and medium-maturing cultivar was the best by only day-length extension (18 hr light/day). However, late-maturing cultivar was needed for the flower bud differentiation and optimal vegetative growth not only long-day but also low temperature during 4~6 weeks at least. Our results suggest the optimal condition for flower bud differentiation in the each early-, medium-, and late-maturing cultivars of radish, which will be useful to develop breeding materials of radish.

In order to select pollinizer varieties of high fruit qualities with large sized and high soluble solid contents, ‘Nishimurawase’ was crossed with ‘Johongsi’ at the Pear Research Institute, National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science in 2000. Among these crossed seedlings, ‘00-16-121’ was selected primarily in 2007, and it was finally selected since it was worthy of not only a pollinizer but also ripen and dried persimmon and named ‘Partner’ in 2009. ‘Partner’ shows intermediate in growth habit and semi-spreading tree shape. It has plenty of male flowers and rich pollen amount with about 380 mg per one hundred flowers. The average optimum harvest time of ‘Partner’ was 144 days after full bloom and it matured around one week earlier than ‘Zenzimaru’ and three weeks later than ‘Nishimurawase’. The fruit is elliptic in shape and orange in skin color. Average fruit weight was 224 g, and soluble solids content was 18.8°Brix.

‘Jungmo 7002’ is a intermediate parent of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) with flowering uniformity and lodging tolerance for the scenery and oil production. ‘Jungmo 7002’ was developed from the cross between ‘RS10//Erra/Tower’ as female parent and ‘RS10’ as male parent in 1984. A promising line, ‘84013-B-6-3-3-6’, was selected and designated as the name of ‘Mokpo116’. It was prominent and had good result from regional adaptation yield trials (RYT) for three years from 2011 to 2013 and was released as the name of ‘Jungmo 7002’. ‘Jungmo 7002’ has middle parted and dark-green leaf, Brownish-green stem, yellowish flower and black seed coat. The flowering date of ‘Jungmo 7002’ was 16th April and ripening date was 9th June. The yield of ‘Jungmo 7002’ was 247 kg/10a, which was 19% higher than ‘Hanlayuchae’ in regional adaptation trials. This intermediate parent showed high resistance to lodging tolerance. The oil content of ‘Jungmo 7002’ was 44.3%. In fatty acid composition of ‘Jungmo 7002’ , oleic acid content is 70.8%, which is 3.3% higher than ‘Hanlayuchae’. And ‘Jungmo 7002’ has no erucic acid. ‘Jungmo 7002’ will be adaptable to southwestern area including Jeonllanam-do, Jeollabuk-do and Gyeongsangnam-do and Jeju island of Korea.

The influence of seed maturity, stratification, and seed washing method on seed germination were investigated for establishment of seed propagation system in dropwort (Oenanthe stolonifera DC). Seed germination rate was increased as period of the seed ripening increased, especially the seed over 40 days after flowering showed the highest germination rate. The optimum period of cold stratification treatment to promote seed germination was about 8 weeks. The seed treated by a cold wet stratification with sand exhibited higher germination rate compared to the seed treated by a cold wet stratification without sand. The stratified seeds that were stored in the ground having fluctuating temperature were improved up to 19%, while stratification stored under constant temperature(4°C) did not improve germination rate. In addition, 8 weeks of stratification period under fluctuating temperature in the ground was most effective. Sodium hypochlorite, vital oxide, and distilled water were used as chemicals to remove the germination inhibitor of seed coat. Water washing of seed coat after soaking in 0.5% sodium hypochlorite and 0.0005% vital oxide for three minutes and 60 minutes respectively could effectively remove the germination inhibitors in the seed coat.

Forty lines of gerbera (Gerbera hybrida) were developed by self-pollination of 80 commercial pot varieties. The lines show wide variation in both qualitative characters (flower and disk color) and quantitative characters (flower diameter, peduncle length and days to flowering). The inbred lines showed varying degrees of inbreeding depression in peduncle length and flower diameter as much as 66-88% and 89%, respectively. As selfed generations were advanced, the quantitative characters of lines became uniform as measured by variance among 30 individual plants per generation. It is postulated that a few number of genes are controlling flower color since most lines of third or fourth selfed generation showed uniform color. Hybrids between developed lines of third selfed gereration showed considerable level of heterosis in flower diameter, peduncle length, and number of flowers, and considerably lower degree of heterosis in days to flower.

A cultivar Dendranthema grandiflourm ‘Dream Prince’ was developed at Gyeonggi-do Agricultural Research & Extension Services, Korea in 2012. The cultivar ‘Dream Prince’ was bred from the cross hybridized in 2009 between ‘Grand Pink’, a spray chrysanthemum cultivar with pink colored single type petals, and ‘Classy’, a spray chrysanthemum cultivar with early flowering trait. Trials were conducted from 2010 to 2012 for evaluation and selection of the cultivar, including a shading culture in spring and a retarding culture in summer. Finally, ‘Dream Prince’ was selected. The natural flowering time of ‘Dream Prince’ was October 24th, and year-round flowering is possible. Days to flowering of ‘Dream Prince’ under the short day treatment were about 48, 50 and 47 in the autumn, spring and summer, respectively. ‘Dream Prince’ has single type flower with yellow petals and the diameter of flower was 6.7cm. Number of flowers per stem was 19.6 and petals per flower were 29.0 in autumn. The plant variety protection right of ‘Dream Prince’ was granted on Korea Seed & Variety Service with No. 4876 in 2014.

A rose cultivar, ‘Summer Red’ was developed at Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services (GARES) in 2012. A cross was made between ‘Cardinal’ and ‘Fire Fox’ in 2007 and seedlings were produced in 2008. After the test of specific characters from 2010 to 2012, it was finally selected and named. A standard flower type with large sized flower, it has red color (RHS Color Chart Red Group 44B). The leaf was resistant to powdery mildew. It takes 51 days to flowering and cut flower productivity was 168.4 stems/m² in a year. The length of cut flower was long with 82.4 cm and the fresh weight of cut flower was 44.3 g. It has 12.3 cm in flower diameter, 5.5 cm in flower height, 46.7 in petal numbers per flowers and 11 days in vase life. When it grows under the below 15°C and 1,000 lux conditions the petals edge color became dark red in winter season. This new rose cultivar, ‘Summer Red’ was granted on Korea Seed & Variety Service with No. 4867 in 2014.

Cymbidium ‘Sky Pink’ (Lucky Rainbow ‘Randezvous’ x Lucky Rainbow ‘Lapin Hot’) was developed from a cross between hybrids at the National Institute of Horticultural & Herbal Science (NIHHS), Rural Development Administration (RDA) in 2008. A cross was made between pink colored flower C. Lucky Rainbow ‘Randezvous’ as maternal line and bright pink colored flower, C. Lucky Rainbow ‘Lapin Hot’ as paternal line in 1995. The seed germination, cultivation, selection, and characteristic trials were conducted from 1996 to 2002. The line was named as Wongyo ‘F1-23’ and phenotype was characterized in 2007 as a new cultivar. The ‘Sky Pink’ has bright pink basal color (RHS, RP63C) on both of sepal and petal with red lip (RHS, RP59A). This variety has about 11.4 flowers per flower stalk and flower size of 6.3cm. General appearance of petals and sepals is slightly incurved shape. The plant size is intermediate having erect peduncle. Blooming is started from the middle of January (mid-winter) under optimal culture condition. Leaf attitude and twisting is erect and weak respectively. This hybrid has attractive floral arrangement, long flower stalk (53.0cm) and vigorous growth. We expect that ‘Sky Pink’ has a great potential for exporting to Chinese market. Blooming life of a 'Sky Pink' variety as pot flower was about 60 days and that was 18 days as cut flower under room temperature (18-23°C). This new variety was suitable for using as a cut and pot flower.