‘Alchanheukchal’ is a single-cross hybrid waxy corn cultivar developed by using the inbred line ‘KBW16’ as the seed parent and ‘KBW23’ as the pollen parent. Yield trials were conducted in 2013 and 2015 followed by regional adaptability tests at six locations over three years (2018-2020). Recognized for its superior performance, it was designated as a new variety by the NICS in 2020. ‘Alchanheukchal’ contains 32.9 μg 100 g^-1 of anthocyanins, resulting in black-colored ears and exhibiting an intermediate ear shape. Its silking period was 74 days, equivalent to that of the standard variety ‘Ilmichal’. The ear length was 19.3 cm, similar to ‘Ilmichal’, while the kernel set rate was 94%, which was lower than that of ‘Ilmichal’. In terms of disease and pest resistance, including southern rust, northern corn leaf blight, and corn borer, as well as lodging resistance, ‘Alchanheukchal’ was comparable to ‘Ilmichal’. The number of ears and ear weight per 10a were 6,336 ears and 1,136 kg, respectively, which indicates a higher ear number but lower ear weight than ‘Ilmichal’. The 100-kernel weight was 27.7 g, smaller than that of ‘Ilmichal’. In sensory evaluation tests, the overall acceptability score was 4.7, which was lower than that of ‘Ilmichal’. The highest seed production efficiency was observed when the planting ratio of the seed parent to pollen parent was 2:1. However, because the silking date of the pollen parent occurred later, it was considered necessary to perform staggered sowing (Registration No. 10033).

‘Godangok 2’, a yellow sweet corn hybrid obtained by crossing inbred KSE14 (female) and KSE23 (male) varieties harboring the sugary enhancer (se) gene, was developed by the maize breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration, Korea, in 2020. Days to silking of ‘Godangok 2’ (65 days) was 3 days later than ‘Danok 3’ (check hybrid, 62 days). The ear length of ‘Godangok 2’ (18.9 cm) was similar to that of ‘Danok 3’, but it exhibited a higher kernel filling rate (97%). In addition, the lodging tolerance of ‘Godangok2’ was greater than that of ‘Danok3’. The number of ears per 10a in Godangok2 (6,177) was 4% higher than that in ‘Danok 3’, whereas ear weights (1,075 kg) were 4% lower. ‘Godangok 2’ had a high sugar content of 23.4° Brix, a thin pericarp thickness of 21.4 μm, and a light 100-kernel weight of 25.4 g compared to that of the check hybrid. ‘Godangok 2’ showed the highest seed yield of 270 kg/10a at a 4 (female):1 (male) planting ratio. Because ‘Godangok 2’ carries the recessive se gene, its unique qualities may be compromised by cross-pollination with other corn varieties (e.g., sh2, bt, wx types). Therefore, to maintain sweet corn quality, corn should be grown and harvested separately in time and space (Registration No. 10059).

This study aimed to develop a novel tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) cultivar enriched in phytoene and phytofluene, colorless carotenoids known for their health-promoting properties. Parental lines with diverse fruit colors and morphological traits were selected and crossbred to generate three F₁ hybrids: ‘Rubybell’, ‘INDIGO-G’, and ‘BLACK-B’. The phytoene and phytofluene contents of the hybrids were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography. Among them, ‘Rubybell’ exhibited the highest concentrations of phytoene (0.105 mg/g) and total phytofluene (0.118 mg/g), representing increases of 51% and 29% compared to the maternal line APR-52-MU, and 14% and 1% compared to the paternal line CAPP1745, respectively. Compared to commercial tomato cultivars, ‘Rubybell’ exhibited 76- and 23-fold higher levels of phytoene and phytofluene, respectively. Furthermore, ‘Rubybell’ accumulated higher levels of these functional compounds when cultivated in March and October, underscoring the influence of the planting season on carotenoid biosynthesis. These findings offer valuable insights into the breeding of high-value functional tomatoes and support their potential use in health-promoting food applications (Registration number: 10514).

‘KM7’, a maize hybrid for grain production, was developed for the Southeast Asian seed market by the maize breeding team of the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA) in 2020. The hybrid, ‘KM7’, was bred by crossing two inbred lines, CL32 and 14K23. After a one-year yield trial in Dong Trieu, Vietnam, country adaptability trials were performed three times in three different countries (Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia) in both 2019 and 2020. The seed type was flint-like and suitable for both food and feed. ‘KM7’ adapted well to conditions in northern Vietnam, northwestern Cambodia, and Central Java in Indonesia. The silking date of ‘KM7’ in Vietnam was 62 d, which was 1 d earler than that of LCH9, a leading cultivar in Vietnam. ‘KM7’ is an early maturing, high-grain yielding F1 hybrid that is also resistant to downy mildew. ‘KM7’ produced a grain yield of 842, 831, and 950 kg/10a in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia, respectively. This demonstrated a higher yield than that of the leading cultivars in each respective country. ‘KM7’ produced 26% more grain in Vietnam, 28% more in Cambodia, and 56% more in Indonesia than the respective control varieties (Registration No. 10034).

The newly developed citrus cultivar, ‘Miraehyang’, was bred at the Citrus Research Center of the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science (Jeju, Korea) by crossing ‘Ehime Kashi No.28’ (maternal parent) and ‘Hayaka Ponkan’ (paternal parent). The first fruiting of ‘Miraehyang’ occurred in 2016, and field evaluations were conducted until 2021. After final selection in 2021, the cultivar was officially registered for plant variety protection in 2024. The tree exhibits strong vigor, an open growth habit, and high fruit-bearing capacity. When grown in a plastic greenhouse, ‘Miraehyang’ showed minimal occurrence of puffing and fruit-cracking. New shoots emerged in late March, and flowering began in late April, with full bloom occurring in mid-May. The average fruit weight was between 150-200 g, and the fruit shape slightly flattened with a small apex. Coloring started in mid-October and completed by mid-December, resulting in a deep orange hue. The fruit is rich in juice with thin membranes, providing a tender texture. Under unheated greenhouse conditions, the fruit matured in mid-to-late December and had a soluble solids content of 12-13°Bx and acidity of approximately 1.0%. Peel thickness averaged at 3.3 mm, similar to that of ‘Ehime Kashi No.28’, but with improved ease of peeling. This cultivar is male-sterile, producing seedless fruit when grown alone. Similar to its maternal parent, ‘Ehime Kashi No.28’, ‘Miraehyang’ is susceptible to citrus canker but resistant to scab. ‘Miraehyang’ is expected to gain high consumer preference due to its ease of cultivation, superior peelability, and outstanding fruit quality and appearance (Variety registration number: 10180).

‘KM3’ is an F1 hybrid maize developed by the maize breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA), for the Southeast Asian seed market. This hybrid was obtained by crossbreeding two inbred lines—14K26 and 15VL027. The hybrid was evaluated in a crop-year yield trial in Cambodia, followed by country adaptability trials in Cambodia and Indonesia in 2016 and 2017, respectively. The flint-like seed type of ‘KM3’ makes it suitable for both food and feed, demonstrating its adaptability to Southeast Asia. ‘KM3’ exhibited early maturity, high grain yield as an F1 hybrid, and resistance to downy mildew. The silking date of ‘KM3’ was two days earlier than that of the leading cultivar ‘CP888’ in Cambodia, with a grain yield of 913 kg/10a, outperforming ‘CP888’ by 26% (Registration No. 9319).

‘KM5,’ a high grain yielding maize hybrid, was developed for the Southeast Asian seed market in 2018 by the maize breeding team of the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration (RDA). ‘KM5’ was bred by crossing two inbred lines—14K23 and CL59. After a 1-crop year yield trial in Dong Trieu and Vietnam, country adaptability trials were performed in 2017 and 2018 in three different countries—Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia. The seed type is flint-like and suitable for both food and feed. ‘KM5’ adapted well to northern Vietnam, northwestern Cambodia, and Central Java in Indonesia. It is an early maturing, high grain yield F1 hybrid that is also resistant to downy mildew. The silking date of ‘KM5’ in Vietnam is 74 days, which is the same as that of LCH9—a leading cultivar in Vietnam. ‘KM5’ produced a grain yield of 695, 764, and 678 kg/10a in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia, respectively, thus demonstrating a higher yield than the leading cultivar in each country. ‘KM5’ produced 2%, 27%, and 8% more grain than the respective control varieties in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia, respectively (Registration No. 8947).

‘Joan’, a rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) F₁ hybrid cultivar suitable for producing cooking oil developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, is early maturing with characteristically high yield and oleic acid content. It was bred in 2009 by crossing the male sterile line ‘Mokpo-CGMS’ as the female parent with the restorer line ‘8630-B-6-5-3-6’ as the male parent. The average flowering and maturation dates of ‘Joan’ were April 10^th and June 1^st, respectively, 3 and 4 days earlier, respectively, than that of the control cultivar ‘Sunmang’. The yield of ‘Joan’ obtained in regional adaptation trials was 279 kg/10 a, which is 6% higher than that obtained for ‘Sunmang’. ‘Joan’ is resistant to stem rot disease and more tolerant to lodging than ‘Sunmang’. Moreover, the total oil content of ‘Joan’ is 44.5%, whereas the oleic acid content is 69.5%, which is 2.3% higher than that of ‘Sunmang’. However, erucic acid has not been detected. ‘Joan’ can be grown in paddy fields located in Jeollanam-do, Jeollabuk-do, Gyeongsangnam-do, and Jeju-do in Korea (Registration No. 6896).

‘KM2’, a maize hybrid grain was developed for the Southeast Asian seed market by the maize breeding team of the Rural Development Administration (RDA), South Korea 2018. ‘KM2’ was bred by crossing two inbred lines, ‘15VL065’ and ‘KS155’. After a advanced yield trial at Dong Trieu, Vietnam, for the first cropping cycle in 2016, country adaptability trials were performed twice in three different countries: Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia, in 2016 and 2017. ‘KM2’, a yellow intermediate seed for food and feed, adapts well to the northern Vietnam, northwestern Cambodia, and Central Java in Indonesia. It is an early maturing high-grain yield F1 hybrid. This hybrid is resistant to downy mildew, but not corn rust. The silking date of ‘KM2’ is 10 days earlier than that of ‘LVN10’, a leading cultivar in Vietnam. ‘KM2’ produced grain yields of 811 kg/10a, 845 kg/10a, and 783 kg/10a in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia, respectively, showing even higher grain yield than the countries’ respective leading cultivar. ‘KM2’ produced 61%, 17%, and 14% higher grain yield in Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia, respectively, than their respective control cultivars (‘LVN10’, ‘CP888’, ‘P21’) (Registration No. 8192).

‘Hwanggeummatchal’, a yellow waxy corn hybrid obtained by crossing inbred ‘KY37’ and ‘KY29’, was developed by the maize breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA, Korea, in 2017. The number of days to silking of ‘Hwanggeummatchal’ was 69 days after planting, 2 days earlier than ‘Ilmichal’ (a control variety). Plant height of ‘Hwanggeummatchal’ was 205 cm, lower than that of the control, and ear height ratio was 49%, which was lower than that of ‘Ilmichal’. Lodging resistance of ‘Hwanggeummatchal’ was similar to ‘Ilmichal’. The fresh ear yields were 6,389 ears in 10 a. The carotenoid content of ‘Hwanggeummatchal’ was 16.4 μg 100 g^-1 fresh weight, which was much higher than that of ‘Ilmichal’. The pericarp thickness was 41 μm. The sensory evaluation value was 5.7, and the flavor was excellent. The flowering period of its parental lines was well matched, and seed production was best at a planting ratio of maternal and paternal lines, 3:1. ‘Hwanggeummatchal’ is suitable to the whole country, except for Jeju-do. Seeds of ‘Hwanggeummatchal’ must be renewed annually because it is a single cross hybrid. If this hybrid is cultivated under high-density conditions, the ear size and the ratio of kernel set length to ear length will be lower than that of standard cultivation. Pest control should be performed for this hybrid because it is susceptible to corn borer (Registration No. 8136).

‘Godangok1’, a sweet corn hybrid obtained by crossing the inbred KSE13 (female) and KSE37 (male), was developed by the maize breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration, Korea, in 2016. ‘Godangok1’ has the sugary enhancer (se) gene, and the ear is yellow-white. The number of days to silking of ‘Godangok1’ was 59, similar to ‘Danok3’ (check variety), but ear length and the ratio of kernel set length to ear length (18.7 cm and 96%, respectively) were superior to those of ‘Danok3’. The resistance to Bipolaris maydis, Exserohilum turcicum, and Ostrinia furnacalis was similar to that exhibited by ‘Danok3’, whereas the lodging tolerance was stronger than that of ‘Danok3’. The fresh ear yield of ‘Godangok1’ was 6,530 ears, with 1,139 kg per 10a, and the sugar content was 20.8 °Brix. The hundred kernel weight was 27.4 g, smaller than that of ‘Danok3’. The flavor was excellent and assigned a sensory score of 5.7. Unique properties of ‘Godangok1’ coded by the recessive se gene are eliminated due to crosspollination when growing along with other types of corn such as general corn (sh, sh2, bt, etc.). Therefore, it must be isolated in time or space and harvested in order to produce high-quality sweet corn (Registration No. 7506).

In Korea, native or open pollinated corn varieties that were not improved before 1960 were cultivated. The 1960s was a step that created the foundation for the development of varieties. In 1962, systematic corn breeding was started when the synthetic type ‘Hwangok 2’ was distributed to farmers. The 1970s was the era of the change from synthetic varieties to hybrid ones, with a focus on the development of single-cross hybrids among the corn hybrids. The single-cross corn hybrid, ‘Suwon 19’, was an epoch-marking variety that had a unit-yield closer to that of advanced countries. The 1980s was a time when the breeding direction was changed from grain corn to silage because the corn cultivation area for silage increased rapidly with the government's livestock promotion policy, and the corn seed supply system of single-cross hybrids was established. In the 1990s, the era of globalization and the launching of imports of agricultural products, the living standards of consumers became more advanced, and the development system of corn varieties was established for various use purposes. As we entered the 2000s, it started the heyday of developing corn varieties, with 29 corn varieties of various use purposes and excellent cultivation stability developed. In the 2010s, the scope of corn variety development expanded from government or universities to private seed companies. Thus, the corn varieties in Korea have changed and developed in response to the situation of the times, and there are currently 110 corn varieties registered with Korea Seed & Variety Service (KSVS). In the future, vegetable corn is expected to be continuously developed, with functional ingredients such as strengthening vitamins, trace elements, and antioxidant components. Specialized grain corn, such as lysine and maltodextrin, will be developed and commercialized in order to improve the value added. In the case of silage corn, there will be varieties of early maturing and late planting adaptability, with no more than 110 days until maturity, suitable for the cropping system, such as second cropping and double cropping, as well as high digestion rate and nutrition varieties with high feed value, and excessive water tolerance corn varieties that adapt well to paddy fields. Furthermore, it is expected that corn varieties that adapt well to Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Africa will continue to be developed and supplied.

Baekgeumok, a sweet corn hybrid made by crossing inbred KSE15 and KSE21, was developed by the maize breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration in 2015. Baekgeumok silks at 63 days, similar to Danok3 (check variety). The plant height is 179 cm, higher than check variety, and the ear height is 105 cm, similar to check variety. Baekgeumok has an excellent lodging resistance. The fresh ear yields were 6,411 ears and 1,141 kg in 10 a. Pericarp thickness was 39 µm and sugar content was 19.5 °Bx. Sensory evaluation value was 6.1 and flavor was excellent. This hybrid can be cultivated in Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, Gyeongsangbuk-do, and Gyeongsangnam-do. Seeds of Baekgeumok must be renewed annually, because this hybrid is a single cross hybrid. This sweet corn hybrid must be cultivated at least 200 m from areas with other corn varieties, because of their recessive gene. When cultivated at high density, the ear size and ratio of kernel set length / ear length will be lower in this hybrid than in standard cultivars. This hybrid requires pest control because it is susceptible to corn borer infestation. Drainage management is important in the rainy season. (Registration No. 6725)

A few inbred grain-sorghum varieties, developed and grown in Korea, have low productivity. Several hybrid cultivars have been demonstrated to be more productive and resistant to unfavorable environmental conditions than pure line varieties. However, very limited studies have been conducted on hybrid sorghum in Korea. Information on combining ability of Korean landraces based on parental materials is of great importance for increasing the productivity of sorghum through hybrid breeding programs. This study was conducted to determine the combining abilities of Korean sorghum landraces and cultivars. Two cytoplasmic male-sterile lines (A.Arg-1 and A03017) were crossed with 13 male-fertile lines to generate 26 experimental grain-sorghum hybrids. The hybrids were evaluated at two locations (Daegu and Miryang) in Korea in 2018. They were planted in three replications and standard agronomic practices were followed at both sites. There were significant (p=0.001) variations among genotypes for yield and secondary traits. For each trait, general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) effects were estimated using the line-tester method. A positive heterosis for grain yield was observed in several hybrids. The A03017×Sodamchal hybrids exhibited considerable heterosis of up to 54.1%. The lines 18AYT-S04 and Sodamchal displayed positive significant GCA effects for grain yield, and A03017×Sodamchal crosses showed the highest positive SCA effects. The crosses, A.Arg-1×18OYT-S17, A.Arg-1×Sodamchal and A.Arg-1×18OYT-S01 had high grain yields with waxy endosperms, and could be recommended for grain-sorghum breeding programs in Korea.

‘KM1’, a corn hybrid was developed for seed export to Southeast Asia by the maize breeding team of the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), RDA in 2016. The hybrid ‘KM1’ was obtained by crossing two inbred lines, ‘KS155’ and ‘15VL060’. After yield trials at Dong Trieu, Vietnam for one year, country adaptability trials were subsequently carried out in three countries (Vietnam, Cambodia, and Indonesia) in 2016. ‘KM1’ is a white-yellow and dent-like corn, and the plant adapts to the northern part of Vietnam and northwestern part of Cambodia; and the corn can be used as food and feed. The plant is fast flowering and has strong lodging tolerance and resistance to southern leaf blight and downy mildew. Silking date of ‘KM1’ is 5 days earlier than that of Vietnam’s leading cultivar ‘LVN10’. The grain yield of ‘KM1’ is 879 kg/10a in Vietnam, which is 22% higher than that of LVN10, and 914 kg/10a in Cambodia, which is 5% higher than that of Cambodia’s leading cultivar ‘CP888’. This hybrid requires the implementation of disease control measures because it is susceptible to corn rust. (Registration No. 7507).

Hwangmichal, a yellow waxy corn hybrid, is a single cross hybrid developed in 2014. This hybrid was created by crossing the seed parent KY30 and pollen parent KY9. Hwangmichal has yellow kernels with a conico-cylindrical ear shape. The days to silking of Hwangmichal were similar to that of Ilmichal, a check hybrid. The ear height ratio of Hwangmichal was 50%, which was lower than that of Ilmichal, and its number of tillers was less than that of Ilmichal. The ear size of Hwangmichal was smaller than that of Ilmichal and the kernel set ratio was 89%. Its sensory evaluation was better than that of Ilmichal. The carotenoid content of Hwangmichal was 32.2 µg/g, which was much higher than that of Ilmichal. Lodging resistance of Hwangmichal was better than that of Ilmichal. Although the number of fresh ears of Hwangmichal was more than that of Ilmichal, the weight of fresh ears was lower than that of Ilmichal. The flowering period of its parent lines was well matched and seed production was 3:1 at a planting density of parent lines of more than 2:1. It is adaptable to the whole country except for Jeju-do. The plant variety protection right of Hwangmichal was registered in June 2017, and its grant number is 6728.

A new citrus cultivar ‘Tamdosamho’ is a hybrid obtained from a cross of ‘Kiyomi’ (Citrus unshiu×Citrus sinensis, the seed parent) and ‘Sunburst’ (Citrus reticulate, the pollen parent) at the Citrus Research Institute of the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science in 2004. ‘Tamdosamho’ had the first fruit set in 2010 and field evaluation has been conducted until 2012. The tree of ‘Tamdosamho’ was vigorous and had a lot of fruit bearing. The average fruit weight was 230g and its shape was flatten-oblate with a little neck. The fruit peel color was dark orange, and peel coloration began in mid-October and fully developed in early December. The fruit matured in mid-February from cultivation under plastic film house. Total soluble solid and acidity of which was 14.0 °Brix and about 1 % respectively. The thickness of the rind was about 2.5 mm on average and was thinner than that of satsuma mandarin (Citrus unshiu), so removing the peel was easy. This cultivar had characteristic of self-incompatibility and parthenocarpy and didn’t bear seeds from monoculture but if it be fertilized by the pollen of other cultivars could be seedy. In the case of cultivation in the open field, the fruits could be damaged by cold temperature and then ‘Tamdosamho’ is recommended for cultivation under plastic film house. (Variety registration number: 6158)

This study was carried out to select waxy corn inbreds with good general combining ability through a diallel analysis of 10 half diallel crosses among five inbreds developed from Korean maize landraces. Total of 21 agronomic and palatability traits were investigated over two locations in 2016. There was a significant hybrid by location interaction found in plant height, ear height, number of tillers/plant, per ear weight, ear tip filling, ear commercial value and sweetness when four additional check cultivars were included in the analyses. A significant general combining ability by location interaction was found in ear height, number of tillers/plant, per ear weight, ear length and sweetness while ear width, ear commercial value and sweetness were significant for specific combining ability by location interaction. Sweetness was found significant for both interactions. The first and fourth inbred lines had the most number of traits with good estimate of general combining ability. The first inbred is expected to improve days to tasseling, anthesis silking interval, ear width, ear circumference and sweetness while decreasing husk cover in a hybrid combination. The fourth inbred line would improve days to tasseling, days to silking, plant height, ear height, per ear weight and ear length but ears would be a bit tougher than the average. A total of 19 traits had higher variance of general combining ability than that of specific combining ability. Husk cover was 12.1 times higher. Plant height and number of tillers/plant had higher variance of specific combining ability.

A new Phalaenopsis cultivar SM 6310 was bred by Kyungpook National University, Korea. The new cultivar SM 6310, showing the phenotype of yellow colored mini type characteristics, was introduced by artificial crossing of Phalaenopsis ‘Brother Gold Miss’ and Phalaenopsis philippinensis. An elite individual number ‘03-06-31’ later named as ‘SM 6310’ was selected among 250 individual progenies for more than 2 years(2004-2005) intensive selection process covering excellent vegetative and flowering characteristics. In year 2006-2007, the 1st and 2nd characteristic analysis were performed through stability and uniformity test. The ‘SM 6310’ shows that flower color is bright clean yellow (RHS#:12B) and flower shape is small type with size of 5.8 and 6.1cm in flower length and width, respectively. ‘SM 6310’ is regarded as raceme flower type suitable small flower pot market. The leaf of ‘SM 6310’ is rowing horizontally and about 15.6cm in length and 7.1cm in width. This cultivar also possesses no genetic variation, fast invitro propagation and easy growing due to vigorous growth habit. This ‘SM 6310’ is registered (Reg.#:3825) to Korea Seed & Variety Service (KSVS) in 21 December, 2011 and PBR (plant breeder's right) is currently controlled by Sangmiwon Orchid Company, Korea.

A new Phalaenopsis cultivar Hwasu 3551 was bred by Kyungpook National University, Korea, which produces young plants through tissue culture techniques. The new cultivar Hwasu 3551, showing the phenotype of pink colored large stripe type characteristics, was derived from crossing between Phalaenopsis Minho Princess and Minho Stripes. An elite individual number '03-35-51' later coined as 'Hwasu 3551' was selected among about 300 individual progenies for more than 2 years intensive selection process covering vegetative and flowering distinctiveness. In year 2006-2007, the 1st and 2nd characteristic analysis were carried out through performance and uniformity test. The Hwasu 3551 shows that flower color is bright clean pink (RHS#RP69D) and flower shape is formal type with size of 7.4 and 8.8cm in flower length and width, respectively. Hwasu 3551 is regarded as raceme flower type suitable large flower pot market. The leaf of Hwasu 3551 is rowing horizontally and about 22.3cm in length and 9.4cm in width, respectively. This cultivar also possesses no genetic variation, fast invitro propagation and easy growing due to vigorous growth habit. This Hwasu 3551 is registered (Reg.#:2917) to Korea Seed & Variety Service (KSVS) in 1st December, 2009 and PBR (plant breeder's right) is currently controlled by Sangmiwon Orchid Company, Korea.

A new mandarin hybrid cultivar ‘Shinyegam’ was developed from a cross between ‘Kiyomi’ (Citrus unshiu × C. sinensis) and ‘Wilking’ (Citrus reticulata) at the Citrus Research Institute of the National Institute of Horticultural and Herbal Science in 2012. The ‘Jegam na No. 33’, a first selection seedling from the fruits obtained in 2008 was finally named ‘Shinyegam’ after field evaluation trials at five locations in Jeju island, Korea from 2010 to 2012. The tree vigor was intermediate and the tree was spreading in nature, similar to that of the ‘Kiyomi’ cultivar. The fruits produced were compressed to oblate and globose in shape, were a deep orange in color, and moderately weighed at 130 g. ‘Shinyegam’ produces fruit that mature in late December, and has few seeds, which are mono-embryonic. The average seed number of a fruit varied depending on the pollinator citrus tree. Cultivation of ‘Shinyegam’ along with the other cultivars possessing high pollen fertility resulted in seed numbers that was more than 20, while in the absence of a pollinator species the seed number was around 5. The fruit contained soluble solids at 11 to 12 ° Bx and the acidity was approximately 1% at maturity. The rind thickness of approximately 2.5 mm ensures easy peeling. The flesh is very tender and juicy, with a pleasant, aromatic flavor similar to that of ‘Wilking’ but is comparatively weak. ‘Shinyegam’ is moderately resistant to the citrus scab disease and melanose, but susceptible to citrus canker. Owing to the high quality of fruit, good aroma, and cold hardness characteristics, this cultivar is expected to satisfy consumer acceptability in terms of the diversity of the cultivar in open-field cultivation.

Cherry tomato ‘TY Candy’ F₁ Hybrid was bred in Tomato Life Science and Research Institute from 2008 to 2014, which has indeterminate plant type, oblong fruit shape, average fruit weight 17 ~ 22 g and sugar content brix 8 ~ 9. Female line was selected and fixed with vigorous plant, firm fruit texture, Fusarium and Cladosporium resistance. Male line was selected and fixed with medium internode, deep leaf color, high brix, Yellow leaf curl virus and Nematode resistance. F₁ combination was made and pollinated in 2011 year, hybrid selection and sample seed production were progressed in 2012 year, farmers’ field trial was conducted at major tomato cultivation area and resulted good performance in 2013 ~ 2014. The distinctive characteristics of ‘TY Candy’ are higher yield, fruit quality and TYLCV, Nematode, Cladosporium etc. multi-disease resistance compared to existed varieties.

A new rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) F₁ hybrid ‘Haean’ was crossed between ‘Mokpo-CGMS’, male sterile line and ‘8516-B-5-6-1-2’, restore line for the adaptation of paddy land culture with early maturing, disease resistant and lodging tolerance in 2008. Yield trials were conducted from 2009 to 2010 in Muan, and regional adaptation trials were examined from 2011 to 2013 in four regions. ‘Haean’ has dark green, cleft and parted leaf, light yellowish flower, and black seed color. The maturation date of ‘Haean’ is 4^th June, 4 days earlier than ‘Sunmang’. In the regional adaptation trials, average yield of ‘Haean’ was 272 kg/10a, which was 6% higher than ‘Sunmang’. Seed oil content of ‘Haean’ was 44.2%. In fatty acid composition, oleic acid content is 69.8%, which is 2.5% higher than ‘Sunmang’. Total glucosinolates content was 1.84 mg/g. ‘Haean’ has characteristics of disease resistant and lodging tolerance, this variety can be cultured at paddy lands in southwestern area including Jeonnam, Jeonbuk and Kyongnam provinces and Cheju island of Korea.

Grain yield, agronomic traits, and correlation between genetic distance of 36 F₁ hybrids produced by half-diallel crosses using nine maize inbred lines were analyzed. In the analyses of F₁ hybrids and their mid-parent heterosis (MPH) for agronomic traits, grain yield showed highest MPH value of 156%. One-hundred kernel weight showed the lowest value of 7%. In addition, when genetic distance based on agronomic traits was estimated, parental inbred lines did not agree with their own pedigree. Therefore it had the limitation to estimate genetic distance using agronomic traits. In this study, 92 SSR markers were used to calculate genetic distance at DNA level. However we did not confirm their own pedigree of nine parental inbred lines. There was no correlation between grain yield and SSR markers. Therefore molecular marker selection was conducted in relation with grain yield by the step-by-step method using 92 SSR markers. The selected nine SSR markers showed a significant positive correlation (r²=0.703**) between grain yield and SSR markers. The correlations between the selected SSR markers and agronomic traits of ear length, ear width, plant height, and ear height were particularly showed positively correlated. The nine SSR markers selected in this study would help predicting heterosis and planning crosses for hybrids in maize breeding programs.

A standard cultivar of R. hybrida ‘Honey Blue’ was selected from the progenies of a cross between R. hybrida ‘Pacific Blue’ and R. hybrida ‘Lovely Blue’ by rose breeding team of the Gyeonggi-Do Agricultural Research and Extension Services (GARES) in 2012. It was finally selected in 2012 after investigation of the characteristics for five years (2008-2012). A standard type rose cultivar ‘Pacific Blue’was used as mother plant and it has medium scented petals. The major volatile compounds were found as germacrene-D and 3,5-Dimethoxytoluene. A spray type rose cultivar ‘Lovely Blue’was used as pollen parent and it has strong scented petals. The major volatile compounds were found as germacrene-D, geraniol and cadinene. ‘Honey Blue’has strong scented petals. The major volatile compounds were found as germacrene-D, citronellol and 3,5-dimethoxytoluene. A standard type with large sized flower, it has violet colored (RHS Violet 84C) petals and 9.7 cm in flower diameter and 50.2 petals per flower. Vase life of this cultivar could be as long as 9.1 days. It takes 49 days from pruning to blooming and cut flower productivity was 134 stems/m2 in a year. The stem length of cut flower was 75.8 cm. ‘Honey Blue’was granted on Korea Seed & Variety Service (KSVS) with No. 4866 on March 17, 2014.

A ‘Hayanchal95’, a new waxy corn hybrid, is a single cross hybrid developed by the maize breeding team at the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), Rural Development Administration(RDA) in 2011. This hybrid was made by crossing between seed parent KW44 and pollen parent KW35. Days to silking of Hayanchal95 was three days earlier than Ilmichal, a check hybrid. Ear length and diameter of Hayanchal95 were 18.3 cm and 4.1 cm, respectively. The ratio of kernel set length to ear length was 90% and lower than Ilmichal. Its quality characteristics like amylopectin content, hardness of kernels, and value of sensory evaluation were not significantly different from Ilmichal except grain length. Resistance to corn borer and lodging tolerance of Hayanchal95 were better than Ilmichal. The number of fresh ears was similar to those of Ilmichal and weight of fresh ears was lower than Ilmichal in regional yield trials (RYT) from 2009 to 2011. Although flowering time of its parent lines was good match during crossing between the seed and pollen parents, seed production was low. It is adaptable to the whole country. Plant variety protection right of ‘Hayanchal95’ was registered in July 2014, and its grant number is 5110.

Green pumpkin ‘NongHyup Ae’ F₁ hybrid cultivar was developed by the NH Seed Research & Development Center from 1996 to 1999, which has trailing plant type, oblong fruit shape, short internode length, small leaf. Especially green pumpkin ‘NongHyup Ae’ is high quality and yielding cultivar with firm fruit texture and high femail/male ratio. Female line was developed and fixed with short internode and high female/male ratio. Male line was selected and fixed with firm fruit texture, light green color fruit and oblong H shape fruit. F₁ combination was made and pollinated in 1996 year, hybrid selection and sample seed production were progressed in 1997-1998 year, farmers’ field test was carried out at major green pumpkin cultivation area and resulted in good performance in 1999. Green pumpkin ‘NongHyup Ae’ showed higher yield with high quality than existed varieties.

Forty lines of gerbera (Gerbera hybrida) were developed by self-pollination of 80 commercial pot varieties. The lines show wide variation in both qualitative characters (flower and disk color) and quantitative characters (flower diameter, peduncle length and days to flowering). The inbred lines showed varying degrees of inbreeding depression in peduncle length and flower diameter as much as 66-88% and 89%, respectively. As selfed generations were advanced, the quantitative characters of lines became uniform as measured by variance among 30 individual plants per generation. It is postulated that a few number of genes are controlling flower color since most lines of third or fourth selfed generation showed uniform color. Hybrids between developed lines of third selfed gereration showed considerable level of heterosis in flower diameter, peduncle length, and number of flowers, and considerably lower degree of heterosis in days to flower.

Suppression subtractive hybridization was carried out to identify resistant genes against to pear scab caused by Venturia nashicola using leaves harvested at 24 and 48 hours after inoculation into ‘93-3-98’ (highly resistant) and ‘Sweat Skin’ (highly susceptible). As a result of the ESTs analysis, nine and 14 unique genes were expressed on 24H (tester, mRNA at 24hr after inoculation of ‘93-3-98’; driver, one of ‘Sweet Skin’) and 48H (tester, mRNA at 48hr after inoculation of ‘93-3-98’; driver, one of ‘Sweet Skin’), respectively and genes related to defense or stress response were accounted for 40% (24H) and 42% (48H). Differential expressed genes classifying into PR protein family were pathogenesis-related protein 1a, major allergen Pyr c1 and allergen mal d 1 at 24H and major allergen Mal d 1.03B at 48H, respectively. Major allergen Pyr c1, F-Box/kelch-repeat protein, Flavoprotein wrbA, and hypothetical protein POPTRDRAFT_783792 are expected to closely connecting to scab resistance of pear following strongly expressed in highly resistant cv. ‘Bartlett’ and ‘93-3-98’ compared with moderately susceptible cv. ‘Gamcheonbae’, susceptible cv. ‘Wonhwang’, and highly susceptible cv. ‘Niitaka’ and ‘Sweat skin’.